1
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Wang C, Yue C, Smith A, Mack J. Rate enhancement of using silica gel as a practical, efficient grinding auxiliary to break π-π stacking under mechanochemical conditions. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2
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Sha Y, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Luo Z. Stress-responsive properties of metallocenes in metallopolymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review article combines the field of metallopolymers and stress-responsiveness on a molecular level, namely, metallocenes, as emerging stress-responsive building blocks for materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sha
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Zhenyang Luo
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- PR China
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3
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Beillard A, Bantreil X, Métro TX, Martinez J, Lamaty F. Alternative Technologies That Facilitate Access to Discrete Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7529-7609. [PMID: 31059243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic complexes: these two words jump to the mind of the chemist and are directly associated with their utility in catalysis or as a pharmaceutical. Nevertheless, to be able to use them, it is necessary to synthesize them, and it is not always a small matter. Typically, synthesis is via solution chemistry, using a round-bottom flask and a magnetic or mechanical stirrer. This review takes stock of alternative technologies currently available in laboratories that facilitate the synthesis of such complexes. We highlight five such technologies: mechanochemistry, also known as solvent-free chemistry, uses a mortar and pestle or a ball mill; microwave activation can drastically reduce reaction times; ultrasonic activation promotes chemical reactions because of cavitation phenomena; photochemistry, which uses light radiation to initiate reactions; and continuous flow chemistry, which is increasingly used to simplify scale-up. While facilitating the synthesis of organometallic compounds, these enabling technologies also allow access to compounds that cannot be obtained in any other way. This shows how the paradigm is changing and evolving toward new technologies, without necessarily abandoning the round-bottom flask. A bright future is ahead of the organometallic chemist, thanks to these novel technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Beillard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Xavier Bantreil
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas-Xavier Métro
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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4
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Wang C, Hill M, Theard B, Mack J. A solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of polyaromatic hydrocarbon derivatives. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27888-27891. [PMID: 35530502 PMCID: PMC9070754 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons are central molecules in the future of nanotechnology. However, the synthesis of these molecules is limited by their lack of solubility in solvents, especially green solvents, their ease of oxidation in solution and use of harmful reagents. Solvent-free mechanochemistry has been shown to have excellent potential for these types of molecules and should provide a much more environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of this very important class of molecules. This report details the use of mechanochemistry on an iterative strategy for the synthesis of polyaromatic hydrocarbon derivatives. A solvent-free use of mechanochemistry on an iterative strategy for the synthesis of polyaromatic hydrocarbon derivatives.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
| | - Malik Hill
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
| | - Brandon Theard
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
| | - James Mack
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
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5
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Oßwald S, Casper LA, Anders P, Schiebel E, Demeshko S, Winter RF. Electrochemical, Spectroelectrochemical, Mößbauer, and EPR Spectroscopic Studies on Ferrocenyl-Substituted Tritylium Dyes. Chemistry 2018; 24:12524-12538. [PMID: 29904938 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Four monoferrocenyl tritylium derivatives with donor-substituted (OMe, NMe2 ) aryl rings are reported, along with their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. All the complexes show a one-electron reduction and a quasi-reversible ferrocene oxidation at a very positive potential. Small quadrupole splittings, ΔEQ , in Mößbauer spectra agree with highly electron-deficient ferrocenes. Comparison of the experimental half-wave potentials for ferrocene oxidation, E1/2 (Fc/Fc+ ), with those estimated from established correlations of E1/2 (Fc/Fc+ ) with ΔEQ indicates that the E1/2 values of the anisyl-substituted congeners FcOMe+ and FcMeOMe+ are affected by Coulombic repulsion between the positive charges at the Fe ion and the neighboring methylium site. Electronic spectra are recorded and interpreted with the aid of quantum chemical calculations. UV/Vis spectroelectrochemical measurements as well as chemical reduction provide insight into the redox-induced color changes upon ferrocene oxidation or upon reduction to the neutral trityl radicals. The neutral radicals reversibly form EPR-silent dimers. This process is studied by temperature-dependent EPR spectroscopy, and thermodynamic data for their dimerization are determined. Experimental and quantum chemical data suggest that the dimers assume classical hexaarylethane structures as opposed to normal or "offset" Jacobson-Nauta-type structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Oßwald
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Larissa A Casper
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Patrick Anders
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Eva Schiebel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Fakultät für Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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6
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Waniek SD, Klett J, Förster C, Heinze K. Polysubstituted ferrocenes as tunable redox mediators. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1004-1015. [PMID: 29977372 PMCID: PMC6009500 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of four ferrocenyl ester compounds, 1-methoxycarbonyl- (1), 1,1'-bis(methoxycarbonyl)- (2), 1,1',3-tris(methoxycarbonyl)- (3) and 1,1',3,3'-tetrakis(methoxycarbonyl)ferrocene (4), has been studied with respect to their potential use as redox mediators. The impact of the number and position of ester groups present in 1-4 on the electrochemical potential E1/2 is correlated with the sum of Hammett constants. The 1/1+ -4/4+ redox couples are chemically stable under the conditions of electrolysis as demonstrated by IR and UV-vis spectroelectrochemical methods. The energies of the C=O stretching vibrations of the ester moieties and the energies of the UV-vis absorptions of 1-4 and 1+ -4+ correlate with the number of ester groups. Paramagnetic 1H NMR redox titration experiments give access to the chemical shifts of 1+ -4+ and underline the fast electron self-exchange of the ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couples, required for rapid redox mediation in organic electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven D Waniek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Klett
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Synthesis of Two Isomeric Ferrocene Phosphanylcarboxylic Acids and their Pd
II
Complexes with and without Auxiliary
ortho
‐Metalated C,E‐Ligands (E = N and S). Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Nieto D, Bruña S, González-Vadillo AM, Perles J, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Antiñolo A, Padrón JM, Plata GB, Cuadrado I. Catalytically Generated Ferrocene-Containing Guanidines as Efficient Precursors for New Redox-Active Heterometallic Platinum(II) Complexes with Anticancer Activity. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nieto
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Bruña
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M González-Vadillo
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Servicio
Interdepartamental de Investigación (SIdI), Laboratorio de
Difracción de Rayos X de Monocrystal, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Centro
de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA),
Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica
y Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as
Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Antiñolo
- Centro
de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA),
Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica
y Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as
Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José M. Padrón
- BioLab,
Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González
(IUBO-AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias
(CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Gabriela B. Plata
- BioLab,
Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González
(IUBO-AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias
(CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuadrado
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Montero-Campillo MM, Bruña S, Cuadrado I, Mó O. Intervalence charge transfer across noncovalent interactions on vinyl silyl bridged biferrocenyl compounds. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Zhang YH, Wu MY, Huang WC. Silica gel-promoted practical synthesis of oxindole–nitrones from diazooxindoles and nitrosoarenes under solvent-free conditions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21874h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical and efficient method for the synthesis of oxindole–nitrones from diazooxindoles and nitrosoarenes promoted by silica gel was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- South University of Science and Technology of China
- Shenzhen 518055
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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11
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Enrı́quez A, González-Vadillo AM, Martı́nez-Montero I, Bruña S, Leemans L, Cuadrado I. Efficient Thiol–Yne Click Chemistry of Redox-Active Ethynylferrocene. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om501110w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Enrı́quez
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ma. González-Vadillo
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martı́nez-Montero
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Bruña
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Leemans
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuadrado
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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