1
|
Shen KY, Zhan J, Shen L, Xiong Z, Zhu HT, Wang AJ, Yuan PX, Feng JJ. Hydrogen Bond Organic Frameworks as Radical Reactors for Enhancement in ECL Efficiency and Their Ultrasensitive Biosensing. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4735-4743. [PMID: 36852949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency of an organic emitter is closely related with its potential applications in food safety and environmental monitoring fields. In this work, 2,4,6-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TATB) was self-assembled to form hydrogen bond organic frameworks (HOFs), which worked as ideal reactors to generate highly active oxygen-containing radicals, followed by linking with isoluminol (ILu) via amide bond (termed ILu-HOFs). After covalent assembly with aminated indium-tin oxide electrode (labeled NH2-ITO), the ECL efficiency of the ILu-HOFs NH2-ITO showed about a 23.4-time increase over that of ILu itself in the presence of H2O2. Meanwhile, the enhanced ECL mechanism was mainly studied by electron paramagnetic resonance, theoretical calculation, and electrochemistry. On the above foundation, an aptamer "sandwich" ECL biosensor was constructed for detecting isocarbophos (ICP) via in situ elimination of H2O2 with catalase-linked palladium nanocubes (CAT-Pd NCs). The as-built sensor showed a broad linear range (1 pM to 100 nM) and a low limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.4 pM, coupled with efficient assays of ICP in lake water and cucumber juice samples. This strategy provides an effective way for the synthesis of advanced ECL emitter, coupled by showing promising applications in environmental and food analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yi Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiale Zhan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Luan Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zuping Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis of Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Hao-Tian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Pei-Xin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiu-Ju Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang L, Li L, Shi Y, Wu F, Xu Y, Zhou T, Niu W, Zhang J, Xu G. Copper and iron mediated growth of surfactant‐free PtCu and PtFe advanced electrocatalysts for water oxidation and oxygen reduction. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Yuhe Shi
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Fengxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry Weifang University Weifang China
| | - Wenxin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia T, Gao Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Pan G, Wang Z, Han S, Ma X, Zhao W, Zhang J. Sensitive Detection of Caffeic Acid and Rutin via the Enhanced Anodic Electrochemiluminescence Signal of Luminol. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:311-316. [PMID: 31611473 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The electrooxidation of phenolic groups of caffeic acid and rutin promote anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminol substantially. A sensitive, and cost-effective ECL method has thus been developed to detect caffeic acid, ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 μM, with a detection limit of 0.1 μM and rutin ranging from 0.2 to 25 μM with a detection limit of 0.12 μM. Contrarily, phenolic compounds quench the weak cathodic ECL of luminol. Both of anodic and cathodic ECL mechanisms of luminol in the presence of phenolic compounds are analyzed. The method based on the boomed anodic ECL of luminol is comparable to those based on Ru(bpy)32+ and S2O82-/O2 systems. A lower onset potential and price than the other ECL reagents would realize its widely applications in the detection of phenolic compounds in food and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlai Xia
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Yuan Gao
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology.,College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Guangxing Pan
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Shuang Han
- College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
| | - Xing Ma
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao X, Zhou W, Lu C. Fabrication of Noncoplanar Molecule Aggregates with Inherent Porous Structures for Electrochemiluminescence Signal Amplification. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10078-10084. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Real-time and in situ enzyme inhibition assay for the flux of hydrogen sulfide based on 3D interwoven AuPd-reduced graphene oxide network. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:53-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
6
|
Liu M, Gilroy KD, Peng HC, Chi M, Guo L, Xia Y. The effect of surface capping on the diffusion of adatoms in the synthesis of Pd@Au core-shell nanocrystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13159-13162. [PMID: 27763648 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We offer new insights into the roles played by surface capping in controlling the pattern of growth involving Pd cubic seeds and a HAuCl4 precursor. The final products can take different surface structures (concave vs. flat side faces) depending on the presence or absence of surface capping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maochang Liu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han S, Zhang Z, Li S, Qi L, Xu G. Chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence applications of metal nanoclusters. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
8
|
Liu Y, Wang H, Xiong C, Yuan Y, Chai Y, Yuan R. A sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on luminophore capped Pd@Au core-shell nanoparticles as signal tracers and ferrocenyl compounds as signal enhancers. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 81:334-340. [PMID: 26985586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI), an analogue of luminol, is served as both the reductant and luminescence reagent to synthesize ABEI capped Pd@Au core-shell nanoparticles (ABEI-Pd@AuNPs). The nanoparticles not only exhibit inherent electrochemiluminescence (ECL) property, but also possess advantages of noble-metal nanomaterials such as outstanding electronic property, high specific surface area and good biocompatibility. In order to enhance the luminescence efficiency, ferrocene monocarboxylic acid (Fc) as catalyzer is grafted on the surface of ABEI-Pd@AuNPs with the aid of l-cysteine (l-Cys). When the Fc is electrochemically oxidized to ferricinium cation species (Fc(+)), the decomposition of H2O2 which existed in detection solution can be catalyzed by Fc(+) to generate oxygen-related free radicals, resulting effective signal amplification for ABEI-H2O2 system. For potential applications, the Pd@Au core-shell nanoparticles bifunctionalized by ABEI and catalyzer are employed as nano-carriers to immobilize detection antibody (Ab2). Based on sandwiched immunoreactions, a "signal-on" ECL immunosensor is developed for detection of human collagen type IV (Col IV), a potential biomarker associated with diabetic nephropathy. Consequently, the proposed immunosensor provides a wide linear detection ranging from 1pgmL(-1) to 10ngmL(-1) with a relatively low detection limit of 0.3pgmL(-1) (S/N=3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chengyi Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yali Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaqin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The great success of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) for in vitro diagnosis (IVD) and its promising potential in light-emitting devices greatly promote recent ECL studies. More than 45% of ECL articles were published after 2010, and the first international meeting on ECL was held in Italy in 2014. This critical review discusses recent vibrant developments in ECL, and highlights novel ECL phenomena, such as wireless ECL devices, bipolar electrode-based ECL, light-emitting electrochemical swimmers, upconversion ECL, ECL resonance energy transfer, thermoresponsive ECL, ECL using shape-controlled nanocrystals, and ECL as an ion-selective electrode photonic reporter, a paper-based microchip, and a self-powered microfluidic ECL platform. We also comment on the latest progress in bioassays, light-emitting devices and, the computational approach for the ECL mechanism study. Finally, perspectives and key challenges in the near future are addressed (198 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dai Y, Wang Y, Liu B, Yang Y. Metallic nanocatalysis: an accelerating seamless integration with nanotechnology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:268-289. [PMID: 25363149 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly growing research interests surround heterogeneous nanocatalysis, in which metal nanoparticles (NPs) play a pivotal role as structure-sensitive active centers. With advances in nanotechnology, the morphology of metal NPs can be precisely controlled, which can provide well-defined models of nanocatalysts for understanding and optimizing the structure-reactivity correlations and the catalytic mechanisms. Benefiting from this, further credible evidence can be acquired on well-defined nanocatalysts rather than common multiphase systems, which is of great significance for the design and practical application of active metal nanocatalysts. Numerous studies demonstrate that enhanced structure-sensitive catalytic activity and selectivity are dependent not only on an increased surface-to-volume ratio and special surface atom arrangements, but also on tailored metal-metal and metal-organic-ligand interfaces, which is ascribed to the size, shape, composition, and ligand effects. Size-reactivity relationships and underlying size-dependent metal-oxide interactions are observed in many reactions. For bimetallic nanocatalysts, the composition and nanostructure play critical roles in regulating reactivities. Crystal facets favor individual catalytic selectivity and rates via distinct reaction pathways occurring on diverse atomic arrangements, both to low-index and high-index facets. High-index facets exhibit superior reactivities owing to their high-energy active sites, which facilitate rapid bond-breaking and new bond generation. Additionally, organic ligands may enhance the catalytic activity and selectivity of metal nanocatalysts via changing the adsorption energies of reactants and/or reaction energy barriers. Furthermore, atomically dispersed metals, especially single-atom metallic catalysts, have emerged recently, which can achieve better specific catalytic activity compared to conventional nanostructured metallic catalysts due to the low-coordination environment, stronger interaction with supports, and maximum service efficiency. Here, recent progress in shaped metallic nanocatalysts is examined and several parameters are discussed, as well as finally highlighting single-atom metallic catalysts and some perspectives on nanocatalysis. The integration of nanotechnology and nanocatalysis has been shaping up and, no doubt, the combination of sensitive characterization techniques and quantum calculations will play more important roles in such processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihu Dai
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barnard AS. Clarifying stability, probability and population in nanoparticle ensembles. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9983-9990. [PMID: 24831157 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Though theoretical and computational studies typically agree on the low energy, equilibrium structure of metallic nanoparticles, experimental studies report on samples with a distribution of shapes; including high-index, non-equilibrium morphologies. This apparent inconsistency is not due to inaccuracy on either side, nor the result of unquantifiable competition between thermodynamic and kinetic influences, but rather a lack of clarity about what is being inferred. The thermodynamic stability, statistical probability, and the observed population of a given structure are all straightforward to determine, provided an ensemble of possible configurations is included at the outset. To clarify this relationship, a combination of electronic structure simulations and mathematical models will be used to predict the relative stabilities, probability and population of various shapes of Ag, Au, Pd and Pt nanoparticles, and provide some explanation for the observation of high-index, non-equilibrium morphologies. As we will see, a nanoparticle can be in the ground-state, and therefore most thermodynamically stable, but can still be in the minority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Barnard
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao R, Gong M, Zhu H, Chen Y, Tang Y, Lu T. Seed-assisted synthesis of Pd@Au core-shell nanotetrapods and their optical and catalytic properties. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9273-8. [PMID: 24986103 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of noble metal nanostructures with special morphology, structure, composition, and size has been an attractive research area because of their valuable applications in various fields, including optics, electronics, sensing and catalysis. In this work, the first Pd@Au core-shell nanotetrapods (Pd@Au CSNTPs) were synthesized through a facile seeded growth method. Specifically, Pd nanotetrapods were utilized as the substrate for Au coating through chemically reducing HAuCl4 with ascorbic acid (AA) in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The morphology, composition, and structure of Pd@Au CSNTPs were fully characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy element mapping, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques, etc. Different from conventional spherical Au nanoparticles, the Pd@Au CSNTPs had a very wide surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band in the visible and near-infrared regions (500-1400 nm), showing special SPR absorption features. Meanwhile, the Pd@Au CSNTPs exhibited remarkably enhanced catalytic activity for the hydrogenation reduction of nitro functional groups and the C=N bond because of their specific structural characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang L, Niu W, Gao W, Qi L, Lai J, Zhao J, Xu G. Synthesis of convex hexoctahedral palladium@gold core-shell nanocrystals with {431} high-index facets with remarkable electrochemiluminescence activities. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5953-5958. [PMID: 24878293 DOI: 10.1021/nn501086k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Convex hexoctahedral nanocrystals have been synthesized through fast growth kinetics and the use of cetylpyridinium chloride as a capping agent. Monodisperse convex hexoctahedral Pd@Au core-shell nanocrystals with {431} high-index facets are obtained at high reaction rates by using high concentrations of ascorbic acid in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride. In contrast, octahedral nanocrystals with {111} low-index facets and their {100}-truncated counterparts are formed at low ascorbic acid concentrations. The substitute of cetylpyridinium chloride with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride leads to the generation of concave trisoctahedral Pd@Au core-shell nanocrystals with {331} high-index facets, indicating that cetylpyridinium plays an important role in the formation of convex hexoctahedral nanocrystals. The as-prepared convex hexoctahedral Pd@Au core-shell nanocrystals exhibit remarkable catalytic performances toward electrochemiluminescence compared with truncated octahedral and concave trisoctahedral Pd@Au core-shell nanocrystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou Y, Wang D, Li Y. Pd and Au@Pd nanodendrites: a one-pot synthesis and their superior catalytic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6141-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02081b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
15
|
Zhang L, Niu W, Gao W, Qi L, Zhao J, Xu M, Xu G. Facet-dependent electrocatalytic activities of Pd nanocrystals toward the electro-oxidation of hydrazine. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|