1
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Mahdavi SM, Bockfeld D, Büssing R, Karge B, Bannenberg T, Frank R, Brönstrup M, Ott I, Tamm M. Synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes from the marine betaine 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-4-carboxylate. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1942-1946. [PMID: 38205632 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The marine natural product norzooanemonin (1,3-dimethylimidazolium-4-carboxylate) has been used to prepare a series of carboxyl- or carboxylate-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) gold(I) complexes from [(Me2S)AuCl] in the presence of potassium carbonate. The potential of the resulting mono- and dicarbene complexes to act as cytotoxic or antibacterial drugs was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Mahbobeh Mahdavi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Rolf Büssing
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - René Frank
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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2
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Aysin RR, Galkin KI. Adaptive carbonyl umpolung involving a carbanionic carbene Breslow intermediate: an alternative mechanism for NHC-mediated organocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8702-8707. [PMID: 37867444 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we propose a novel mechanistic model for NHC-mediated carbonyl umpolung which involves the formation of a carbanionic carbene Breslow intermediate (CCBI). We have demonstrated theoretically that this reactive intermediate can be formed by inserting an aldehyde into the C4-H position of an N-aryl-substituted imidazolium-derived NHC via the generation of an H-bonded ditopic carbanionic NHC (dcNHC). Our DFT study on benzoin condensation has revealed that the mechanism of polarity inversion proceeding through the CCBI may be more energetically favorable than the classical mechanism of umpolung that uses the C2 carbene position in NHC. The potential existence of the CCBI highlights the dynamic and adaptive nature of NHC-mediated organocatalysis, particularly in relation to carbonyl umpolung. This finding also sheds light on new pathways in organocatalytic transformations employing the ambident reactivity of NHC, which may be particularly attractive for reactions involving furanic aldehydes and sterically encumbered N-aryl-substituted carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat R Aysin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin I Galkin
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya ul., 5/1, 105005 Moscow, Russia.
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Leninsky Prospekt, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Planer S, Frosch J, Koneczny M, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K, Grela K, Tamm M. Heterobimetallic Coinage Metal-Ruthenium Complexes Supported by Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:15217-15225. [PMID: 34342923 PMCID: PMC8597159 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The lithium complexes [(WCA‐NHC)Li(toluene)] of anionic N‐heterocyclic carbenes with a weakly coordinating borate moiety (WCA‐NHC, WCA=B(C6F5)3, NHC=IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) were used for the preparation of silver(I) or copper(I) WCA‐NHC complexes. While the reactions in THF with AgCl or CuCl afforded anionic mono‐ and dicarbene complexes with solvated lithium counterions [Li(THF)n]+ (n=3, 4), the reactions in toluene proceeded with elimination of LiCl and formation of the neutral phosphine and arene complexes [(WCA‐NHC)M(PPh3)] and [(WCA‐NHC)M(η2‐toluene)] (M=Ag, Cu). The latter were used for the preparation of chlorido‐ and iodido‐bridged heterobimetallic Ag/Ru and Cu/Ru complexes [(WCA‐NHC)M(μ‐X)2Ru(PPh3)(η6‐p‐cymene)] (M=Ag, Cu, X=Cl; M=Ag, X=I). Surprisingly, these complexes resisted the elimination of CuCl, AgCl, or AgI, precluding WCA‐NHC transmetalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Planer
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawŻwirki i Wigury 10102-089WarsawPoland
| | - Jenni Frosch
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Marvin Koneczny
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawŻwirki i Wigury 10102-089WarsawPoland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawŻwirki i Wigury 10102-089WarsawPoland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawŻwirki i Wigury 10102-089WarsawPoland
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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4
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Galkin KI, Karlinskii BY, Kostyukovich AY, Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Ambident Reactivity of Imidazolium Cations as Evidence of the Dynamic Nature of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Mediated Organocatalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:8567-8571. [PMID: 32227612 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This work reveals ambident nucleophilic reactivity of imidazolium cations towards carbonyl compounds at the C2 or C4 carbene centers depending on the steric properties of the substrates and reaction conditions. Such an adaptive behavior indicates the dynamic nature of organocatalysis proceeding via a covalent interaction of imidazolium carbenes with carbonyl substrates and can be explained by generation of the H-bonded ditopic carbanionic carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin I Galkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bogdan Ya Karlinskii
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Kostyukovich
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Buzsáki D, Kelemen Z, Nyulászi L. Stretching the P-C Bond. Variations on Carbenes and Phosphanes. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2660-2671. [PMID: 32159965 PMCID: PMC7307921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stability and the structure of adducts formed between four substituted phosphanes (PX3, X:H, F, Cl, and NMe2) and 11 different carbenes have been investigated by DFT calculations. In most cases, the structure of the adducts depends strongly on the stability of the carbene itself, exhibiting a linear correlation with the increasing dissociation energy of the adduct. Carbenes of low stability form phosphorus ylides (F), which can be described as phosphane → carbene adducts supported with some back-bonding. The most stable carbenes, which have high energy lone pair, do not form stable F-type structures but carbene → phosphane adducts (E-type structure), utilizing the low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the phosphane (with electronegative substituents), benefiting also from the carbene-pnictogen interaction. Especially noteworthy is the case of PCl3, which has an extremely low energy LUMO in its T-shaped form. Although this PCl3 structure is a transition state of rather high energy, the large stabilization energy of the complex makes this carbene-phosphane adduct stable. Most interestingly, in case of carbenes with medium stability both F- and E-type structures could be optimized, giving rise to bond-stretch isomerism. Likewise, for phosphorus ylides (F), the stability of the adducts G formed from carbenes with hypovalent phosphorus (PX-phosphinidene) is in a linear relationship with the stabilization of the carbene. Adducts of carbenes with hypervalent phosphorus (PX5) are the most stable when X is electronegative, and the carbene is highly nucleophilic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Buzsáki
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Grineva AA, Filippov OA, Nefedov SE, Lugan N, César V, Valyaev DA. Direct Access to IMesF and IMesF2 by Electrophilic Fluorination of Abnormal N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina A. Grineva
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Filippov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-1, B-334, 28 Vavilov str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergei E. Nefedov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Dmitry A. Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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7
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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8
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Uzelac M, Hevia E. Polar organometallic strategies for regioselective C–H metallation of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2455-2462. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00049b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article focuses on the recent emergence of s-block metal-mediated N-heterocyclic carbene metallations and the new opportunities this methodology offers to access unique anionic NHC fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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9
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Free methylidyne? CCC-NHC tantalum bis(imido) reactivity: protonation, rearrangement to a mixed unsymmetrical CCC-N-heterocyclic carbene/N-heterocyclic dicarbene (CCC-NHC/NHDC) pincer tantalum bis(imido) complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Heldebrant DJ, Koech PK, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R, Malhotra D, Cantu DC. Water-Lean Solvents for Post-Combustion CO 2 Capture: Fundamentals, Uncertainties, Opportunities, and Outlook. Chem Rev 2017. [PMID: 28627179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This review is designed to foster the discussion regarding the viability of postcombustion CO2 capture by water-lean solvents, by separating fact from fiction for both skeptics and advocates. We highlight the unique physical and thermodynamic properties of notable water-lean solvents, with a discussion of how such properties could translate to efficiency gains compared to aqueous amines. The scope of this review ranges from the purely fundamental molecular-level processes that govern solvent behavior to bench-scale testing, through process engineering and projections of process performance and cost. Key discussions of higher than expected CO2 mass transfer, water tolerance, and compatibility with current infrastructure are presented along with current limitations and suggested areas where further solvent development is needed. We conclude with an outlook of the status of the field and assess the viability of water-lean solvents for postcombustion CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Heldebrant
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Phillip K Koech
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Roger Rousseau
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Deepika Malhotra
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David C Cantu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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11
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Eymann LYM, Scopelliti R, Fadaei FT, Cecot G, Solari E, Severin K. Fixation of nitrous oxide by mesoionic and carbanionic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4331-4334. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01592e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Double fixation of laughing gas (N2O) can be achieved under mild conditions using mesoionic or ditopic carbanionic carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonard Y. M. Eymann
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh T. Fadaei
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Cecot
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Euro Solari
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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12
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Nasr A, Winkler A, Tamm M. Anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes: Synthesis, coordination chemistry and applications in homogeneous catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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13
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Valyaev DA, Uvarova MA, Grineva AA, César V, Nefedov SN, Lugan N. Post-coordination backbone functionalization of an imidazol-2-ylidene and its application to synthesize heteropolymetallic complexes incorporating the ambidentate IMesCO2−ligand. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11953-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The C4-carboxylation of the archetypal IMes ligand was achieved directly on its complexed form for the first time, and the resulting ambidentate IMesCO2−ligand was exploited for the formation of heteropolymetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Valyaev
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
| | - Marina A. Uvarova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Alina A. Grineva
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Vincent César
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
| | - Sergei N. Nefedov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Noël Lugan
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
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14
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Ghadwal RS. Carbon-based two electron σ-donor ligands beyond classical N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16081-16095. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in N-heterocyclic carbene-derived carbon-based two electron σ-donor ligands are presented in this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Anorganische Chemie & Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
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15
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16
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Tang H, Lu D, Wu C. Cation-assisted interactions between N-heterocycles and CO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15725-31. [PMID: 26013920 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between CO2 and N-heterocycles are greatly enhanced by divalent cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Dongmei Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Chao Wu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
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17
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Schneider H, Schmidt D, Radius U. A Facile Route to Backbone-Tethered N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands via NHC to aNHC Rearrangement in NHC Silicon Halide Adducts. Chemistry 2014; 21:2793-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Seo S, DeSilva MA, Brennecke JF. Physical Properties and CO2 Reaction Pathway of 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids with Aprotic Heterocyclic Anions. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14870-9. [PMID: 25431974 DOI: 10.1021/jp509583c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) with aprotic heterocyclic anions (AHA) are attractive candidates for CO(2) capture technologies. In this study, a series of AHA ILs with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([emim](+)) cations were synthesized, and their physical properties (density, viscosity, and ionic conductivity) were measured. In addition, CO(2) solubility in each IL was determined at room temperature using a volumetric method at pressures between 0 and 1 bar. The AHAs are basic anions that are capable of reacting stoichiometrically with CO(2) to form carbamate species. An interesting CO(2) uptake isotherm behavior was observed, and this may be attributed to a parallel, equilibrium proton exchange process between the imidazolium cation and the basic AHA in the presence of CO(2), followed by the formation of "transient" carbene species that react rapidly with CO(2). The presence of the imidazolium-carboxylate species and carbamate anion species was verified using (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. While the reaction between CO(2) and the proposed transient carbene resulted in cation-CO(2) binding that is stronger than the anion-CO(2) reaction, the reactions of the imidazolium AHA ILs were fully reversible upon regeneration at 80 °C with nitrogen purging. The presence of water decreased the CO(2) uptake due to the inhibiting effect of the neutral species (protonated form of AHA) that is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - M Aruni DeSilva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Joan F Brennecke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Dagorne S. Group 1 and 2 and early transition metal complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: coordination chemistry, reactivity, and applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8747-74. [PMID: 25144918 DOI: 10.1021/cr500227y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- IPCMS (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
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Kelemen Z, Péter-Szabó B, Székely E, Hollóczki O, Firaha DS, Kirchner B, Nagy J, Nyulászi L. An abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene-carbon dioxide adduct from imidazolium acetate ionic liquids: the importance of basicity. Chemistry 2014; 20:13002-8. [PMID: 25137312 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the reaction of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2C1Im][OAc] ionic liquid with carbon dioxide at 125 °C and 10 MPa, not only the known N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-CO2 adduct I, but also isomeric aNHC-CO2 adducts II and III were obtained. The abnormal NHC-CO2 adducts are stabilized by the presence of the polarizing basic acetate anion, according to static DFT calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics studies. A further possible reaction pathway is facilitated by the high basicity of the system, deprotonating the initially formed NHC-CO2 adduct I, which can then be converted in the presence of the excess of CO2 to the more stable 2-deprotonated anionic abnormal NHC-CO2 adduct via the anionic imidazolium-2,4-dicarboxylate according to DFT calculations on model compounds. This suggests a generalizable pathway to abnormal NHC complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4. Budapest, 1111 (Hungary)
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Pranckevicius C, Stephan DW. Ruthenium Complexes of an Abnormally Bound, Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Chemistry 2014; 20:6597-602. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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