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Fairbanks BD, Macdougall LJ, Mavila S, Sinha J, Kirkpatrick BE, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Photoclick Chemistry: A Bright Idea. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6915-6990. [PMID: 33835796 PMCID: PMC9883840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At its basic conceptualization, photoclick chemistry embodies a collection of click reactions that are performed via the application of light. The emergence of this concept has had diverse impact over a broad range of chemical and biological research due to the spatiotemporal control, high selectivity, and excellent product yields afforded by the combination of light and click chemistry. While the reactions designated as "photoclick" have many important features in common, each has its own particular combination of advantages and shortcomings. A more extensive realization of the potential of this chemistry requires a broader understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the specific reactions. This review discusses the features of the most frequently employed photoclick reactions reported in the literature: photomediated azide-alkyne cycloadditions, other 1,3-dipolarcycloadditions, Diels-Alder and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder additions, radical alternating addition chain transfer additions, and nucleophilic additions. Applications of these reactions in a variety of chemical syntheses, materials chemistry, and biological contexts are surveyed, with particular attention paid to the respective strengths and limitations of each reaction and how that reaction benefits from its combination with light. Finally, challenges to broader employment of these reactions are discussed, along with strategies and opportunities to mitigate such obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Laura J Macdougall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Coorado 80045, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Gore S, Ukhanov K, Herbivo C, Asad N, Bobkov YV, Martens JR, Dore TM. Photoactivatable Odorants for Chemosensory Research. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2516-2528. [PMID: 32865973 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemosensory system of any animal relies on a vast array of detectors tuned to distinct chemical cues. Odorant receptors and the ion channels of the TRP family are all uniquely expressed in olfactory tissues in a species-specific manner. Great effort has been made to characterize the molecular and pharmacological properties of these proteins. Nevertheless, most of the natural ligands are highly hydrophobic molecules that are not amenable to controlled delivery. We sought to develop photoreleasable, biologically inactive odorants that could be delivered to the target receptor or ion channel and effectively activated by a short light pulse. Chemically distinct ligands eugenol, benzaldehyde, 2-phenethylamine, ethanethiol, butane-1-thiol, and 2,2-dimethylethane-1-thiol were modified by covalently attaching the photoremovable protecting group (8-cyano-7-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)methyl (CyHQ). The CyHQ derivatives were shown to release the active odorant upon illumination with 365 and 405 nm light. We characterized their bioactivity by measuring activation of recombinant TRPV1 and TRPA1 ion channels expressed in HEK 293 cells and the electroolfactogram (EOG) response from intact mouse olfactory epithelium (OE). Illumination with 405 nm light was sufficient to robustly activate TRP channels within milliseconds of the light pulse. Photoactivation of channels was superior to activation by conventional bath application of the ligands. Photolysis of the CyHQ-protected odorants efficiently activated an EOG response in a dose-dependent manner with kinetics similar to that evoked by the vaporized odorant amyl acetate (AAc). We conclude that CyHQ-based, photoreleasable odorants can be successfully implemented in chemosensory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Gore
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Cyril Herbivo
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naeem Asad
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yuriy V. Bobkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida 32080, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Timothy M. Dore
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Truong VX. Break Up to Make Up: Utilization of Photocleavable Groups in Biolabeling of Hydrogel Scaffolds. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinh X. Truong
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology 2 George St. QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
- Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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Taura J, Nolen EG, Cabré G, Hernando J, Squarcialupi L, López-Cano M, Jacobson KA, Fernández-Dueñas V, Ciruela F. Remote control of movement disorders using a photoactive adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist. J Control Release 2018; 283:135-142. [PMID: 29859955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled adenosine receptors are promising therapeutic targets for a wide range of neuropathological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the ubiquity of adenosine receptors and the ultimate lack of selectivity of certain adenosine-based drugs have frequently diminished their therapeutic use. Photopharmacology is a novel approach that allows the spatiotemporal control of receptor function, thus circumventing some of these limitations. Here, we aimed to develop a light-sensitive caged adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist to photocontrol movement disorders. We synthesized MRS7145 by blocking with coumarin the 5-amino position of the selective A2AR antagonist SCH442416, which could be photoreleased upon violet light illumination (405 nm). First, the light-dependent pharmacological profile of MRS7145 was determined in A2AR-expressing cells. Upon photoactivation, MRS7145 precluded A2AR ligand binding and agonist-induced cAMP accumulation. Next, the ability of MRS7145 to block A2AR in a light-dependent manner was assessed in vivo. To this end, A2AR antagonist-mediated locomotor activity potentiation was evaluated in brain (striatum) fiber-optic implanted mice. Upon irradiation (405 nm) of the dorsal striatum, MRS7145 induced significant hyperlocomotion and counteracted haloperidol-induced catalepsy and pilocarpine-induced tremor. Finally, its efficacy in reversing motor impairment was evaluated in a PD animal model, namely the hemiparkinsonian 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned mouse. Photo-activated MRS7145 was able to potentiate the number of contralateral rotations induced by L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA). Overall, MRS7145 is a new light-operated A2AR antagonist with potential utility to manage movement disorders, including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Taura
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gisela Cabré
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Lucia Squarcialupi
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Marc López-Cano
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
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Bao C, Zhu L, Lin Q, Tian H. Building biomedical materials using photochemical bond cleavage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1647-62. [PMID: 25655424 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Light can be used as an external trigger to precisely determine where and when a process is initiated as well as how much of the process is being consumed. Phototriggers are a type of photoresponsive functional group that undergo an irreversible photolysis reaction by selectively breaking a chemical bond, enabling three fundamental functions: the photoactivation of fluorescent and bioactive molecules; the photocleavable degradation of macromolecular materials; and the photorelease of drugs, active groups, or surface charges from carriers and interfaces. With the expanded applications of light-controlled technology, particularly in living systems, new challenges and improvements of phototriggers are required to fulfill the demands for better sensitivity, faster kinetics, and more-demanding biomedical applications. Here, improvements to several conventional phototriggers are highlighted, and their notable, representative biomedical applications and their challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Bao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130# Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boutureira
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Espeel P, Du Prez FE. “Click”-Inspired Chemistry in Macromolecular Science: Matching Recent Progress and User Expectations. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501386v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Espeel
- Department
of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Department
of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Liu Z, Liu T, Lin Q, Bao C, Zhu L. Sequential Control over Thiol Click Chemistry by a Reversibly Photoactivated Thiol Mechanism of Spirothiopyran. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, 130# Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 (China)
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, 130# Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 (China)
| | - Qiuning Lin
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, 130# Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 (China)
| | - Chunyan Bao
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, 130# Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 (China)
| | - Linyong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, 130# Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 (China)
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11
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Liu Z, Liu T, Lin Q, Bao C, Zhu L. Sequential Control over Thiol Click Chemistry by a Reversibly Photoactivated Thiol Mechanism of Spirothiopyran. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:174-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, 130# Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 (China)
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, 130# Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 (China)
| | - Qiuning Lin
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, 130# Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 (China)
| | - Chunyan Bao
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, 130# Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 (China)
| | - Linyong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, 130# Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 (China)
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