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Nakayama N, Takaoka S, Ota M, Takagaki K, Sano KI. Effect of the Aspect Ratio of Coiled-Coil Protein Carriers on Cellular Uptake. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14286-14293. [PMID: 30384613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We showed previously that a rigid and fibrous-structured cationic coiled-coil artificial protein had cell-penetrating activity that was significantly greater when compared with a less-structured cell-penetrating peptide. Nanomaterials with anisotropic structures often show aspect-ratio-dependent unique physicochemical properties, as well as cell-penetrating activities. In this report, we have designed and demonstrated the cell-penetrating activity of a shorter cationic coiled-coil protein. An aspect ratio at 4.5:1 was found to be critical for ensuring that the cationic coiled-coil protein showed strong cell-penetrating activity. At an aspect ratio of 3.5:1, the cationic coiled-coil protein showed cell-penetrating activity that was similar to a less-structured short cationic cell-penetrating peptide. Interestingly, at an aspect ratio of 4:1, the cationic coiled-coil protein exhibited intermediate cell-penetrating activity. These findings should aid in the principle design of intracellular drug delivery carriers including coiled-coil artificial proteins, their derivatives, and α-helical cell-penetrating peptides as well as provide a framework for developing synthetic nanomaterials, such as metal nanorods and synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Nakayama
- Graduate School of Environmental Symbiotic System Major , Nippon Institute of Technology , Miyashiro , Saitama 345-8501 , Japan
| | - Sho Takaoka
- BioMimetics Sympathies Inc. , Aomi, Koto-Ku, Tokyo 135-0064 , Japan
| | - Megumi Ota
- BioMimetics Sympathies Inc. , Aomi, Koto-Ku, Tokyo 135-0064 , Japan
| | - Kentaro Takagaki
- BioMimetics Sympathies Inc. , Aomi, Koto-Ku, Tokyo 135-0064 , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Sano
- Graduate School of Environmental Symbiotic System Major , Nippon Institute of Technology , Miyashiro , Saitama 345-8501 , Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Fundamental Engineering , Nippon Institute of Technology , Miyashiro , Saitama 345-8501 , Japan
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2
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Narouz MR, Li CH, Nazemi A, Crudden CM. Amphiphilic N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles and Their Self-Assembly in Polar Solvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14211-14219. [PMID: 29148789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft matter-directed self-assembly of amphiphilic inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) has recently emerged as a promising approach to access NP ensembles with superior collective properties. While thiol-terminated molecules are primarily employed to tether the amphiphilic ligand to the metal, concerns remain regarding the stabilities of the resulting NPs and their corresponding aggregates. As an alternative, we report amphiphilic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). To accomplish this, an amphiphilic NHC-AuI complex based on an asymmetric triethylene glycol-/dodecyl-functionalized benzimidazole was first synthesized and used to prepare the corresponding stable amphiphilic NHC-decorated AuNPs. The resulting NPs were comprehensively characterized using both solution- and solid-state-based techniques such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By optimizing the self-assembly behavior of these amphiphilic AuNPs in deionized water, ethanol, and their mixtures, we were able to fine-tune the plasmonic properties of the AuNPs in the wide range of 525-640 nm. Furthermore, when treated with thiols, the ensembles showed greater stability compared to their parent discrete AuNP counterparts at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina R Narouz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ali Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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3
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Ho LWC, Yung WY, Sy KHS, Li HY, Choi CKK, Leung KCF, Lee TWY, Choi CHJ. Effect of Alkylation on the Cellular Uptake of Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Gold Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6085-6101. [PMID: 28562003 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl groups (CnH2n+1) are prevalent in engineered bionanomaterials used for many intracellular applications, yet how alkyl groups dictate the interactions between nanoparticles and mammalian cells remains incomprehensively investigated. In this work, we report the effect of alkylation on the cellular uptake of densely polyethylene glycol-coated nanoparticles, which are characterized by their limited entry into mammalian cells. Specifically, we prepare densely PEGylated gold nanoparticles that bear alkyl chains of varying carbon chain lengths (n) and loading densities (termed "alkyl-PEG-AuNPs"), followed by investigating their uptake by Kera-308 keratinocytes. Strikingly, provided a modest alkyl mass percentage of 0.2% (2 orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional lipid-based NPs) in their PEG shells, dodecyl-PEG-AuNPs (n = 12) and octadecyl-PEG-AuNPs (n = 18) can enter Kera-308 cells 30-fold more than methoxy-PEG-AuNPs (no alkyl groups) and hexyl-PEG-AuNPs (n = 6) after 24 h of incubation. Such strong dependence on n is valid for all serum concentrations considered (even under serum-free conditions), although enhanced serum levels can trigger the agglomeration of alkyl-PEG-AuNPs (without permanent aggregation of the AuNP cores) and can attenuate their cellular uptake. Additionally, alkyl-PEG-AuNPs can rapidly enter Kera-308 cells via the filipodia-mediated pathway, engaging the tips of membrane protrusions and accumulating within interdigital folds. Most alkyl-PEG-AuNPs adopt the "endo-lysosomal" route of trafficking, but ∼15% of them accumulate in the cytosol. Regardless of intracellular location, alkyl-PEG-AuNPs predominantly appear as individual entities after 24 h of incubation. Our work offers insights into the incorporation of alkyl groups for designing bionanomaterials for cellular uptake and cytosolic accumulation with intracellular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Wai Cola Ho
- Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy,⊥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Yin Yung
- Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy,⊥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwun Hei Samuel Sy
- Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy,⊥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Yin Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy,⊥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Kit K Choi
- Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy,⊥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy,⊥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas W Y Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy,⊥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Hang Jonathan Choi
- Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy,⊥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Bidoggia S, Milocco F, Polizzi S, Canton P, Saccani A, Sanavio B, Krol S, Stellacci F, Pengo P, Pasquato L. Fluorinated and Charged Hydrogenated Alkanethiolates Grafted on Gold: Expanding the Diversity of Mixed-Monolayer Nanoparticles for Biological Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 28:43-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bidoggia
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste and INSTM Trieste Unit, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Milocco
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste and INSTM Trieste Unit, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Polizzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica
R. Stevanato, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via
Torino 155/b, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Patrizia Canton
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica
R. Stevanato, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via
Torino 155/b, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Alessandra Saccani
- NanoMed
lab, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, IFOM-IEO-campus, via Adamello, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Sanavio
- NanoMed
lab, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, IFOM-IEO-campus, via Adamello, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silke Krol
- NanoMed
lab, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, IFOM-IEO-campus, via Adamello, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- NanoMed
lab, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, IFOM-IEO-campus, via Adamello, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytecnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Pengo
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste and INSTM Trieste Unit, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia Pasquato
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste and INSTM Trieste Unit, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Mizuhara T, Moyano DF, Rotello VM. Using the Power of Organic Synthesis for Engineering the Interactions of Nanoparticles with Biological Systems. NANO TODAY 2016; 11:31-40. [PMID: 27134640 PMCID: PMC4847953 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The surface properties of nanoparticles (NPs) dictate their interaction with the outside world. The use of precisely designed molecular ligands to control NP surface properties provides an important toolkit for modulating their interaction with biological systems, facilitating their use in biomedicine. In this review we will discuss the application of the atom-by-atom control provided by organic synthesis to the generation of engineered nanoparticles, with emphasis on how the functionalization of NPs with these "small" organic molecules (Mw < 1,000) can be used to engineer NPs for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Mizuhara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Daniel F. Moyano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Deol S, Weerasuriya N, Shon YS. Stability, cytotoxicity and cell uptake of water-soluble dendron-conjugated gold nanoparticles with 3, 12 and 17 nm cores. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6071-6080. [PMID: 26366289 PMCID: PMC4540059 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00608b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis of water-soluble dendron-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Den-AuNPs) with various average core sizes and the evaluation of stability, cytotoxicity, cell permeability and uptake of these materials. The characterization of Den-AuNPs using various techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), 1H NMR, FT-IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy confirms the dendron conjugation to the glutathione-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The stability of AuNPs and Den-AuNPs in solutions of different pH and salt concentration is determined by monitoring the changes in surface plasmon bands of gold using UV-vis spectroscopy. The stability of Den-AuNPs at different pH remained about the same compared to that of AuNPs. In comparison, the Den-AuNPs are found to be more stable than the precursor AuNPs maintaining their solubility in the aqueous solution with the salt concentration of up to 100 mM. The improved stability of Den-AuNPs suggests that the post-functionalization of thiol-capped gold nanoparticle surfaces with dendrons can further improve the physiological stability and biocompatibility of gold nanoparticle-based materials. Cytotoxicity studies of AuNPs and Den-AuNPs with and without fluorophores are also performed by examining cell viability for 3T3 fibroblasts using a MTT cell proliferation assay. The conjugation of dendrons to the AuNPs with a fluorophore is able to decrease the cytotoxicity brought about by the fluorophore. The successful uptake of Den-AuNPs in mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells shows the physiological viability of the hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprit Deol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University , Long Beach , 1250 Bellflower Blvd. , Long Beach , California 90840 , USA .
| | - Nisala Weerasuriya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University , Long Beach , 1250 Bellflower Blvd. , Long Beach , California 90840 , USA .
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University , Long Beach , 1250 Bellflower Blvd. , Long Beach , California 90840 , USA .
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Nakayama N, Hagiwara K, Ito Y, Ijiro K, Osada Y, Sano KI. Superior cell penetration by a rigid and anisotropic synthetic protein. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2826-2832. [PMID: 25710086 DOI: 10.1021/la504494x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecules with structural anisotropy and rigidity, such as asbestos, demonstrate high cell-penetrating activity but also high toxicity. Here we synthesize a biodegradable, rigid, and fibrous artificial protein, CCPC 140, as a potential vehicle for cellular delivery. CCPC 140 penetrated 100% of cells tested in vitro, even at a concentration of 3.1 nM-superior to previously reported cell-penetrating peptides. The effects of cell-strain-dependency and aspect ratio on the cell-penetrating activity of CCPC 140 were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Nakayama
- Graduate School of Environmental Symbiotic System Major and ‡Department of Innovative Systems Engineering, Nippon Institute of Technology , Miyashiro, Saitama 345-8501, Japan
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Morita-Imura C, Kobayashi T, Imura Y, Kawai T, Shindo H. pH-induced recovery and redispersion of shape-controlled gold nanorods for nanocatalysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17369h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pH-responsive amphiphile C16CA was used for the functionalization of gold nanorods. The pH-induced recovery–redispersion of gold nanorods using C16CA self-assembly was accomplished without affecting the catalytic activity of the nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshiro Imura
- Department of Industrial Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo 162-8614
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo 162-8614
- Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shindo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Chuo University
- Tokyo 112-8551
- Japan
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Niikura K, Kobayashi K, Takeuchi C, Fujitani N, Takahara S, Ninomiya T, Hagiwara K, Mitomo H, Ito Y, Osada Y, Ijiro K. Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles displaying flexible bifurcated ligands as a carrier for siRNA delivery into the cell cytosol. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:22146-54. [PMID: 25466488 DOI: 10.1021/am505577j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The nanoparticle-based delivery of siRNA with a noncationic outermost surface at a low particle concentration is greatly desired. We newly synthesized a bifurcated ligand (BL) possessing hydrophobic and hydrophilic arms as a surface ligand for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to allow siRNA delivery. The concept underlying the design of this ligand is that amphiphilic property should allow AuNPs to permeate the cell cytosol thorough the endosomal membrane. BLs and quaternary cationic ligands were codisplayed on 40 nm AuNPs, which were subsequently coated with siRNA via electrostatic interaction. The number of siRNAs immobilized on a single nanoparticle was 26, and the conjugate showed a negative zeta potential due to siRNAs on the outermost surface of the AuNPs. Apparent gene silencing of luciferase expression in HeLa cells was achieved at an AuNP concentration as low as 60 pM. Almost no gene silencing was observed for AuNPs not displaying BLs. To reveal the effect of the BL, we compared the number of AuNPs internalized into HeLa cells and the localization in the cytosol between AuNPs displaying and those not displaying BLs. These analyses indicated that the role of BLs is not only the simple promotion of cellular uptake but also involves the enhancement of AuNPs permeation into the cytosol from the endosomes, leading to effective gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Niikura
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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