1
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide an overview of the main avenues that have emerged in gold coordination chemistry during the last years. The unique properties of gold have motivated research in gold chemistry, and especially regarding the properties and applications of gold compounds in catalysis, medicine, and materials chemistry. The advances in the synthesis and knowledge of gold coordination compounds have been possible with the design of novel ligands becoming relevant motifs that have allowed the preparation of elusive complexes in this area of research. Strong donor ligands with easily modulable electronic and steric properties, such as stable singlet carbenes or cyclometalated ligands, have been decisive in the stabilization of gold(0) species, gold fluoride complexes, gold hydrides, unprecedented π complexes, or cluster derivatives. These new ligands have been important not only from the fundamental structure and bonding studies but also for the synthesis of sophisticated catalysts to improve activity and selectivity of organic transformations. Moreover, they have enabled the facile oxidative addition from gold(I) to gold(III) and the design of a plethora of complexes with specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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π-Alkene/alkyne and carbene complexes of gold(I) stabilized by chelating ligands. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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3
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Toledo A, Salamanca V, Pérez-Moro T, Albéniz AC. Transmetalation of Acyclic Tungsten Carbenes to Coinage Metals: Distinct Behavior of Silver toward Carbene Transfer and Hydrolysis. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Toledo
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Salamanca
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Teresa Pérez-Moro
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana C. Albéniz
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
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4
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Abstract
Three- and four-membered rings, widespread motifs in nature and medicinal chemistry, have fascinated chemists ever since their discovery. However, due to energetic considerations, small rings are often difficult to assemble. In this regard, homogeneous gold catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to construct these highly strained carbocycles. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of all the major advances and discoveries made in the gold-catalyzed synthesis of cyclopropanes, cyclopropenes, cyclobutanes, cyclobutenes, and their corresponding heterocyclic or heterosubstituted analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mato
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Allegra Franchino
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcı A-Morales
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang’an Avenue, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Daugherty NT, Robilotto TJ, Bacsa J, Gray TG, Sadighi JP. A trigold carbide cation stabilized as a labile pyridine adduct. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Maliszewska HK, Hughes DL, Muñoz MP. Allene-derived gold and platinum complexes: synthesis and first applications in catalysis. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4034-4038. [PMID: 32134415 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis, full characterisation and first application in catalysis of novel Au(i), Au(iii) and Pt(ii) carbene-type complexes formed from bis(pyridyl)allenes. The catalytic activity of the new Au(i)-complexes in the cyclisation of 1,6-enynes, a benchmark reaction for new Au and Pt complexes, was comparable to Au(i)-state-of-the-art catalysts used in these reactions. Reactions with the new Au(iii)- and Pt(ii)-complexes occurred under milder conditions than those reported with AuCl3 and PtCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K Maliszewska
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - David L Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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8
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García‐Morales C, Pei X, Sarria Toro JM, Echavarren AM. Direct Observation of Aryl Gold(I) Carbenes that Undergo Cyclopropanation, C-H Insertion, and Dimerization Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3957-3961. [PMID: 30644625 PMCID: PMC6593763 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesityl gold(I) carbenes lacking heteroatom stabilization or shielding ancillary ligands have been generated and spectroscopically characterized from chloro(mesityl)methylgold(I) carbenoids bearing JohnPhos-type ligands by chloride abstraction with GaCl3 . The aryl carbenes react with PPh3 and alkenes to give stable phosphonium ylides and cyclopropanes, respectively. Oxidation with pyridine N-oxide and intermolecular C-H insertion to cyclohexane have also been observed. In the absence of nucleophiles, a bimolecular reaction, similar to that observed for other metal carbenes, leads to a symmetrical alkene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García‐Morales
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Av. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili43007TarragonaSpain
| | - Xiao‐Li Pei
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Av. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Juan M. Sarria Toro
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Av. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Av. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili43007TarragonaSpain
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9
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García‐Morales C, Pei X, Sarria Toro JM, Echavarren AM. Direct Observation of Aryl Gold(I) Carbenes that Undergo Cyclopropanation, C−H Insertion, and Dimerization Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García‐Morales
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Xiao‐Li Pei
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Juan M. Sarria Toro
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili 43007 Tarragona Spain
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10
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Mato M, García‐Morales C, Echavarren AM. Generation of Gold(I) Carbenes by Retro‐Buchner Reaction: From Cyclopropanes to Natural Products Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mato
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel⋅li Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Cristina García‐Morales
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel⋅li Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel⋅li Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
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11
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Alonso JM, Paz Muñoz M. Evidence of Hybrid Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Catalysis in a Pt/Au Heterobimetallic System. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; NR4 7TJ Norwich UK
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12
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Alonso JM, Muñoz MP. Heterobimetallic Catalysis: Platinum-Gold-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization/C-X Coupling Reaction of (Hetero)Arylallenes with Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4742-4746. [PMID: 29493867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Heterobimetallic catalysis offers new opportunities for reactivity and selectivity but still presents challenges, and only a few metal combinations have been explored so far. Reported here is a Pt-Au heterobimetallic catalyst system for the synthesis of a family of multi-heteroaromatic structures through tandem cyclization/C-X coupling reaction. Au-catalyzed 6-endo-cyclization takes place as the first fast step. Pt-Au clusters are proposed to be responsible for the increased reactivity in the second step, that is, the intermolecular nucleophilic addition which occurs through an outer-sphere mechanism by hybrid homogeneous-heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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13
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Alonso JM, Muñoz MP. Heterobimetallic Catalysis: Platinum‐Gold‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization/C−X Coupling Reaction of (Hetero)Arylallenes with Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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14
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Halliday CJV, Lynam JM. Gold-alkynyls in catalysis: alkyne activation, gold cumulenes and nuclearity. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:12611-26. [PMID: 27415145 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of cationic gold(i) species in the activation of substrates containing C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C bonds has become a valuable tool for synthetic chemists. Despite the seemingly simple label of 'alkyne activation', numerous patterns of reactivity and product structure are observed in systems employing related substrates and catalysts. The complications of mechanistic determination are compounded as the number of implicated gold(i) centres involved in catalysis increases and debate about the bonding in proposed intermediates clouds the number and importance of potential reaction pathways. This perspective aims to illustrate some of the principles underpinning gold-alkynyl interactions whilst highlighting some of the contentious areas in the field and offering some insight into other, often ignored, mechanistic possibilities based on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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15
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Carden RG, Lam N, Widenhoefer RA. Experimental Evaluation of (L)Au Electron‐Donor Ability in Cationic Gold Carbene Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:17992-18001. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Carden
- Department of Chemistry Duke University French Family Science Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Nathan Lam
- Department of Chemistry Duke University French Family Science Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Ross A. Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry Duke University French Family Science Center Durham North Carolina USA
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16
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Pujol A, Lafage M, Rekhroukh F, Saffon-Merceron N, Amgoune A, Bourissou D, Nebra N, Fustier-Boutignon M, Mézailles N. A Nucleophilic Gold(III) Carbene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Pujol
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Mathieu Lafage
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Feriel Rekhroukh
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-FR2599; Université Paul Sabatier; 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Abderrahmane Amgoune
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Marie Fustier-Boutignon
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
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17
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Pujol A, Lafage M, Rekhroukh F, Saffon-Merceron N, Amgoune A, Bourissou D, Nebra N, Fustier-Boutignon M, Mézailles N. A Nucleophilic Gold(III) Carbene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12264-12267. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Pujol
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Mathieu Lafage
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Feriel Rekhroukh
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-FR2599; Université Paul Sabatier; 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Abderrahmane Amgoune
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Marie Fustier-Boutignon
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
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18
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Synthesis and structures of gold and copper carbene intermediates in catalytic amination of alkynes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14625. [PMID: 28262737 PMCID: PMC5343500 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal carbenes are often proposed as reactive intermediates in the late transition metal-catalysed transformations of alkynes. Owing to their high reactivity, however, isolation and structural characterization of metal carbene intermediates in these transformations has remained unknown. Herein, we report the isolation of two acyclic gold and copper carbene intermediates in either Au(I)- or Cu(I)-catalysed cyclization of N-alkynyl formamidines through five-exo-dig cyclization. X-ray diffraction, 13C NMR spectra data and computational analyses provide evidence for the formation of a gold carbene intermediate with a carbocation-like electronic character. Using the intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) approach, we also evaluate the π-stabilizing effects of organic substituents at the carbene carbon atom in the gold carbene intermediate. Another rare six-membered copper carbene complex is also obtained through 6-endo-dig cyclization. These metal carbenes have proven reactive toward oxidation. The metal-promoted cyclization of N-alkynyl formamidine provides a facile approach to synthesize metal carbene species. Metal carbenes are typically highly reactive and unstable species, proposed as intermediates in numerous catalytic processes. Here the authors report the isolation and characterization of gold and copper carbene intermediates involved in catalytic cyclization reactions.
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19
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Kim N, Brooner REM, Widenhoefer RA. Unexpected Skeletal Rearrangement in the Gold(I)/Silver(I)-Catalyzed Conversion of 7-Aryl-1,6-enynes to Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-enes via Hidden Brønsted Acid Catalysis. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Kim
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rachel E. M. Brooner
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ross A. Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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20
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Chen GQ, Fang W, Wei Y, Tang XY, Shi M. Divergent reaction pathways in gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,5-enynes containing a cyclopropane ring: dramatic ortho substituent and temperature effects. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4318-4328. [PMID: 30155078 PMCID: PMC6013813 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00058d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A gold(i)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of easily available 1,5-enynes containing a cyclopropane ring has been developed, efficiently providing cyclobutane-fused 1,4-cyclohexadiene, tricyclic cyclobutene, biscyclopropane and 1,3-cyclohexadiene derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. When the phenyl group was not ortho substituted, 1,4-cyclohexadienes could be produced. With an ortho substituent, three different products could be selectively synthesized by control of the temperature and the used gold(i) catalyst. The 1,5-enyne substrate first undergoes a classical enyne cycloisomerization to form a tricyclic cyclobutene key intermediate, which undergoes subsequent transformation to produce the desired products. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed according to deuterium labeling experiments and intermediate trapping experiments, as well as DFT calculations. In our current reaction, the ortho substituent on the phenyl group controls the reaction outcome and the ortho substituent effect was found to originate from steric and electronic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China . ; ;
| | - Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China . ; ;
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China . ; ;
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China . ; ;
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China . ; ;
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21
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2014. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Harris RJ, Widenhoefer RA. Gold carbenes, gold-stabilized carbocations, and cationic intermediates relevant to gold-catalysed enyne cycloaddition. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4533-51. [PMID: 27146712 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00171h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cationic gold complexes in which gold is bound to a formally divalent carbon atom, typically formulated as gold carbenes or α-metallocarbenium ions, have been widely invoked in a range of gold-catalyzed transformations, most notably in the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,n-enynes. Although the existence of gold carbene complexes as intermediates in gold-catalyzed transformations is supported by a wealth of indirect experimental data and by computation, until recently no examples of cationic gold carbenes/α-metallocarbenium ions had been synthesized nor had any cationic intermediates generated via gold-catalyzed enyne cycloaddition been directly observed. Largely for this reason, there has been considerable debate regarding the electronic structure of these cationic complexes, in particular the relative contributions of the carbene (LAu(+)[double bond, length as m-dash]CR2) and α-metallocarbenium (LAu-CR2(+)) forms, which is intimately related to the extent of d → p backbonding from gold to the C1 carbon atom. However, over the past ∼ seven years, a number of cationic gold carbene complexes have been synthesized in solution and generated in the gas phase and cationic intermediates have been directly observed in the gold-catalyzed cycloaddition of enynes. Together, these advances provide insight into the nature and electronic structure of gold carbene/α-metallocarbenium complexes and the cationic intermediates generated via gold-catalyzed enyne cycloaddition. Herein we review recent advances in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Harris
- French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0346, USA.
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23
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Nunes Dos Santos Comprido L, Klein JEMN, Knizia G, Kästner J, Hashmi ASK. Gold(I) Vinylidene Complexes as Reactive Intermediates and Their Tendency to π-Backbond. Chemistry 2016; 22:2892-5. [PMID: 26711532 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a computational study of the bonding in gold(I) vinylidene complexes and compare them to their carbene and CO analogues. The relevance of these intermediates is analysed for the intramolecular cyclisation leading to vinyl sulfonates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes E M N Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Gerald Knizia
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 401A Chemistry Bldg, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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24
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Fructos MR, Díaz-Requejo MM, Pérez PJ. Gold and diazo reagents: a fruitful tool for developing molecular complexity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7326-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01958g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
After a decade since its discovery and being yet at its sunrise, the use of gold catalysis for the transfer of carbene groups from diazo compounds is becoming a powerful synthetic tool. The main advances in the area and future directions are provided in this Feature Article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel R. Fructos
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC
- CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química
- Universidad de Huelva
- Huelva
| | - M. Mar Díaz-Requejo
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC
- CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química
- Universidad de Huelva
- Huelva
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC
- CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química
- Universidad de Huelva
- Huelva
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25
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Werlé C, Goddard R, Fürstner A. The First Crystal Structure of a Reactive Dirhodium Carbene Complex and a Versatile Method for the Preparation of Gold Carbenes by Rhodium-to-Gold Transmetalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15452-6. [PMID: 26534892 PMCID: PMC4832834 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The dirhodium carbene derived from bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)diazomethane and [Rh(tpa)4]⋅CH2Cl2 (tpa=triphenylacetate) was characterized by UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, as well as by X‐ray diffraction. The isolated complex exhibits prototypical rhodium carbene reactivity in that it cyclopropanates 4‐methoxystyrene at low temperature. Experimental structural information on this important type of reactive intermediate is extremely scarce and thus serves as a reference point for mechanistic discussions of rhodium catalysis in general. Moreover, dirhodium carbenes are shown to undergo remarkably facile carbene transfer on treatment with [LAuNTf2] (L=phosphine). This formal transmetalation opens a valuable new entry into gold carbene complexes that cannot easily be made otherwise; three fully characterized representatives illustrate this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Werlé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany).
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26
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Werlé C, Goddard R, Fürstner A. The First Crystal Structure of a Reactive Dirhodium Carbene Complex and a Versatile Method for the Preparation of Gold Carbenes by Rhodium-to-Gold Transmetalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Dorel R, Echavarren AM. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Activation of Alkynes for the Construction of Molecular Complexity. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9028-72. [PMID: 25844920 PMCID: PMC4580024 DOI: 10.1021/cr500691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1311] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Abstract
By reviewing the recent progress on the elucidation of the structure of gold carbenes and the definitions of metal carbenes and carbenoids, we recommend to use the term gold carbene to describe gold carbene-like intermediates, regardless of whether the carbene or carbocation extreme resonance dominates. Gold carbenes, because of the weak metal-to-carbene π-back-donation and their strongly electrophilic reactivity, could be classified into the broader family of Fischer carbenes, although their behavior and properties are very specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain) E-mail:
| | - Michael E Muratore
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain) E-mail:
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain) E-mail:
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliC/Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
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Nunes dos Santos Comprido L, Klein JEMN, Knizia G, Kästner J, Hashmi ASK. Zu den stabilisierenden Effekten in Carbengoldkomplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nunes Dos Santos Comprido L, Klein JEMN, Knizia G, Kästner J, Hashmi ASK. The Stabilizing Effects in Gold Carbene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10336-40. [PMID: 25951142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bonding and stabilizing effects in gold carbene complexes are investigated by using Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) and the intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) approach. The π-stabilizing effects of organic substituents at the carbene carbon atom coordinated to the gold atom are evaluated for a series of recently isolated and characterized complexes, as well as intermediates of prototypical 1,6-enyne cyclization reactions. The results indicate that these effects are of particular importance for gold complexes especially because of the low π-backbonding contribution from the gold atom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes E M N Klein
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany).,Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis (USA)
| | - Gerald Knizia
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University (USA)
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany).
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany). .,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Harris RJ, Widenhoefer RA. Synthesis and Characterization of a Gold Vinylidene Complex Lacking π-Conjugated Heteroatoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6867-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Harris RJ, Widenhoefer RA. Synthesis and Characterization of a Gold Vinylidene Complex Lacking π-Conjugated Heteroatoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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33
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Archambeau A, Miege F, Meyer C, Cossy J. Intramolecular cyclopropanation and C-H insertion reactions with metal carbenoids generated from cyclopropenes. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1021-31. [PMID: 25763601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds by means of transition metal catalysts is an exceptionally active research field in organic synthesis. In this context, due to their high ring strain, cyclopropenes constitute an interesting class of substrates that displays a versatile reactivity in the presence of transition metal catalysts. Metal complexes of vinyl carbenes are involved as key intermediates in a wide variety of transition metal-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclopropenes. Most of the reported transformations rely on intermolecular or intramolecular addition of nucleophiles to these latter reactive species. This Account focuses specifically on the reactivity of carbenoids resulting from the ring-opening of cyclopropenes in cyclopropanation and C-H insertion reactions, which are arguably two of the most representative transformations of metal complexes of carbenes. Compared with the more conventional α-diazo carbonyl compounds, the use of cyclopropenes as precursors of metal carbenoids in intramolecular cyclopropanation or C-H insertion reactions has been largely underexploited. One of the challenges is to devise appropriately substituted and readily available cyclopropenes that would not only undergo regioselective ring-opening under mild conditions but also trigger the subsequent desired transformations with a high level of chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity. These goals were met by considering several substrates derived from the readily available 3,3-dimethylcyclopropenylcarbinols or 3,3-dimethylcyclopropenylcarbinyl amines. In the case of 1,6-cyclopropene-enes, highly efficient and diastereoselective gold(I)-catalyzed ring-opening/intramolecular cyclopropanations were developed as a route to diversely substituted heterocycles and carbocycles possessing a bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane framework. The use of rhodium(II) catalysts enabled us to widen the scope of this transformation for the synthesis of medium-sized heterocyclic scaffolds incorporating an eight-membered ring. The reactivity of rhodium(II) carbenoids generated from 3,3-dimethylcyclopropenylcarbinols was also investigated in intramolecular C(sp(3))-H insertions. Despite their low electrophilic character, these purely donor rhodium(II) carbenoids underwent remarkably efficient diastereoselective 1,5- or 1,6-C-H insertions allowing access to a wide variety of substituted cyclopentanols, cyclohexanols, bicycloalkanols, and tetrahydropyrans with high level of diastereoselectivity and with complete tolerance of a free hydroxyl group. The products arising from the gold(I)- or rhodium(II)-catalyzed ring-opening/intramolecular cyclopropanation or C-H insertion of 3,3-dimethylcyclopropenylcarbinols or 3,3-dimethylcyclopropenylcarbinyl amines always incorporate an isopropylidene moiety, which can potentially undergo subsequent oxidative cleavage into a carbonyl group without epimerization. By virtue of this operation, the 3,3-dimethylcyclopropenyl group formally behaves as a valuable surrogate for an α-diazoketone, with obvious advantages considering the ease of access to the corresponding substrates and that no hazardous reagents are involved in their preparation. These studies have set a useful basis for the development of other reaction pathways involving metal carbenoids generated from these readily available families of substituted cyclopropenes, including the investigation of the yet underexploited synthetic potential of purely donor rhodium(II) carbenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Archambeau
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS (UMR8231)/PSL Research University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Miege
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS (UMR8231)/PSL Research University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Meyer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS (UMR8231)/PSL Research University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS (UMR8231)/PSL Research University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Cedex 05 Paris, France
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34
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Azzopardi KM, Bistoni G, Ciancaleoni G, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D, Belpassi L. Quantitative assessment of the carbocation/carbene character of the gold–carbene bond. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:13999-4007. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A simple geometrical parameter can be used to easily evaluate the Au → C1 back-donation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
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35
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Qian D, Zhang J. Gold-catalyzed cyclopropanation reactions using a carbenoid precursor toolbox. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:677-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in gold-catalyzed selective cyclopropanation divided by the type of carbenoid precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemsitry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemsitry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
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36
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Lo VKY, Chan AOY, Che CM. Gold and silver catalysis: from organic transformation to bioconjugation. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6667-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A summary of gold (including AuNPs, Au(i) and Au(iii) complexes) and silver(i) catalysis and their application in bioconjugation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kar-Yan Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Anna On-Yee Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
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37
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Ciancaleoni G, Biasiolo L, Bistoni G, Macchioni A, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D, Belpassi L. Selectively measuring π back-donation in gold(I) complexes by NMR spectroscopy. Chemistry 2014; 21:2467-73. [PMID: 25504684 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Even though the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model has been successfully used by chemists since the 1950s, no experimental methodology is yet known to unambiguously estimate the constituents (donation and back-donation) of a metal-ligand interaction. It is demonstrated here that one of these components, the metal-to-ligand π back-donation, can be effectively probed by NMR measurements aimed at determining the rotational barrier of a C-N bond (ΔHr (≠) ) of a nitrogen acyclic carbene ligand. A large series of gold(I) complexes have been synthesized and analyzed, and it was found that the above experimental observables show an accurate correlation with back-donation, as defined theoretically by the appropriate charge displacement originated upon bond formation. The proposed method is potentially of wide applicability for analyzing the ligand effect in metal catalysts and guiding their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia (Italy)
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38
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Joost M, Estévez L, Mallet-Ladeira S, Miqueu K, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Enhanced π-Backdonation from Gold(I): Isolation of Original Carbonyl and Carbene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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39
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Joost M, Estévez L, Mallet-Ladeira S, Miqueu K, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Enhanced π-backdonation from gold(I): isolation of original carbonyl and carbene complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14512-6. [PMID: 25359485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The specific electronic properties of bent o-carborane diphosphine gold(I) fragments were exploited to obtain the first classical carbonyl complex of gold [(DPCb)AuCO](+) (ν(CO)=2143 cm(-1) ) and the diphenylcarbene complex [(DPCb)Au(CPh2 )](+) , which is stabilized by the gold fragment rather than the carbene substituents. These two complexes were characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic means. The [(DPCb)Au](+) fragment plays a major role in their stability, as substantiated by DFT calculations. The bending induced by the diphosphine ligand substantially enhances π-backdonation and thereby allows the isolation of carbonyl and carbene complexes featuring significant π-bond character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Joost
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 (France)
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40
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Brooner REM, Robertson BD, Widenhoefer RA. Mechanism of 1,3-Hydrogen Migration in a Gold Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptene Complex: The Role of Brønsted Acid in the Gold-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 7-Aryl-1,6-Enynes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500815k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. M. Brooner
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Bradley D. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Ross A. Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
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41
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Ringger DH, Kobylianskii IJ, Serra D, Chen P. Quantitative Description of Structural Effects on the Stability of Gold(I) Carbenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:14270-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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42
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Xi Y, Su Y, Yu Z, Dong B, McClain EJ, Lan Y, Shi X. Chemoselective Carbophilic Addition of α-Diazoesters through Ligand-Controlled Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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43
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Xi Y, Su Y, Yu Z, Dong B, McClain EJ, Lan Y, Shi X. Chemoselective carbophilic addition of α-diazoesters through ligand-controlled gold catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9817-21. [PMID: 25056282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The chemoselective addition of arenes and 1,3-diketones to α-aryldiazoesters was achieved through ligand-controlled gold catalysis. Unlike a dirhodium catalyst (which promotes C(sp3)-H insertion and cyclopropanation) and a copper catalyst (which catalyzes O-H and N-H insertions), the gold catalyst with an electron-deficient phosphite as the ancillary ligand exclusively gave the carbophilic addition product, thus representing a new and efficient approach to form "carbophilic carbocations", which selectively react with carbon nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xi
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (USA) http://community.wvu.edu/∼xs007/
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44
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Harris RJ, Widenhoefer RA. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Gold Carbenoid Complex That Lacks Heteroatom Stabilization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Harris RJ, Widenhoefer RA. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Gold Carbenoid Complex That Lacks Heteroatom Stabilization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9369-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Hussong MW, Rominger F, Krämer P, Straub BF. Isolierung eines nicht-Heteroatom-stabilisierten Goldcarbens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hussong MW, Rominger F, Krämer P, Straub BF. Isolation of a Non-Heteroatom-Stabilized Gold-Carbene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9372-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Seidel G, Fürstner A. Structure of a reactive gold carbenoid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4807-11. [PMID: 24644215 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A formal gold-for-chromium transmetalation allowed the gold carbenoid species [Cy3 PAuCAr2 ]NTf2 (11) (Ar=pMeOC6 H4 -) to be obtained in crystalline form. The structure in the solid state suggests that there is only little back donation of electron density from gold to the carbene center of 11 and hence very modest AuC double-bond character; rather, it is the organic ligand framework that is responsible for stabilizing this species by resonance delocalization of the accumulated positive charge. Because 11 is capable of cyclopropanating p-methoxystyrene even at low temperature, the discussion of its structure is deemed relevant for a better understanding of the mechanisms of π-acid catalysis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Seidel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany)
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Lebœuf D, Gaydou M, Wang Y, Echavarren AM. Intermolecular reactions of gold(i)-carbenes with furans by related mechanisms. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The intermolecular gold(i)-catalyzed reactions of propargyl carboxylates, 1,6-enynes, or 7-substituted 1,3,5-cycloheptatrienes with furans afford cyclopentenones, polyenes or polycyclic compounds by related mechanisms initiated by the electrophilic addition of gold(i) carbenes to furans followed by ring-opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lebœuf
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Morgane Gaydou
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yahui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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