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McMonagle CJ, Allan DR, Warren MR, Kamenev KV, Turner GF, Moggach SA. High-pressure sapphire capillary cell for synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements to 1500 bar. J Appl Crystallogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720013710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A new sapphire capillary pressure cell for single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements at moderate pressures (200−1500 bar; 1 bar = 100 kPa) has been developed and optimized for use on beamline I19 at Diamond Light Source. The three-component cell permits optical centring of the crystal and in situ pressure modification to a precision of 1 bar. Compression of hexamethylenetetramine and its deuterated analogue to 1000 bar was performed, showcasing the accuracy and precision of the measurements, and highlighting evidence of a geometric isotope effect.
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Tian Z, Cui S, Zheng C, Pu S. A multi-state fluorescent switch based on a diarylethene with an acridine unit. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 173:75-81. [PMID: 27599191 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new asymmetrical fluorescent diarylethene derivative with an acridine unit was synthesized by Schiff base condensation. The derivative was sensitive to lights and special metal ions. Stimulated by UV/vis lights and Zn2+, distinct changes were observed in UV-vis and fluorescent spectra. Upon addition of Zn2+, the derivative emission peak was blue-shifted by 34nm and the emission intensity was enhanced by 16 fold, accompanied by the fluorescent color changed from red to light yellow, due to the formation of a 1:1 metal/ligand complex. The complex exhibited excellent fluorescence switching upon irradiation with UV light. Taking advantage of the lights and Zn2+ stimuli (inputs), and fluorescence intensity at 580nm (output), a molecular logic gate was constructed. Moreover, a new absorption band centered at 420-450nm emerged upon exposure to Zn2+. The dramatic color change of the solution made the 'naked-eyes' detection of Zn2+ possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Tian
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Cui
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Chunhong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
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Sui Q, Ren XT, Dai YX, Wang K, Li WT, Gong T, Fang JJ, Zou B, Gao EQ, Wang L. Piezochromism and hydrochromism through electron transfer: new stories for viologen materials. Chem Sci 2016; 8:2758-2768. [PMID: 28553511 PMCID: PMC5426459 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04579k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A pyridinium-carboxylate compound undergoes reversible color change under pressure owing to the formation of radicals via electron transfer; dehydration and hydration can also trigger electron transfer.
While viologen derivatives have long been known for electrochromism and photochromism, here we demonstrated that a viologen-carboxylate zwitterionic molecule in the crystalline state exhibits piezochromic and hydrochromic behaviors. The yellow crystal undergoes a reversible color change to red under high pressure, to green after decompression, and finally back to yellow upon standing at ambient pressure. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations suggested that the piezochromism is due to the formation of radicals via pressure-induced electron transfer from carboxylate to pyridinium, without a crystallographic phase transition. It was proposed that electron transfer is induced by pressure-forced reduction of intermolecular donor–acceptor contacts. The electron transfer can also be induced by dehydration, which gives a stable green anhydrous radical phase. The color change is reversible upon reabsorption of water, which triggers reverse electron transfer. The compound not only demonstrates new chromic phenomena for viologen compounds, but also represents the first example of organic mechanochromism and hydrochromism associated with radical formation via electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Xiang-Ting Ren
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research , 1690 Cailun Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China .
| | - Yu-Xiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun , Jilin 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun , Jilin 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Tao Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research , 1690 Cailun Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China .
| | - Teng Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Jia-Jia Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun , Jilin 130012 , P. R. China
| | - En-Qing Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research , 1690 Cailun Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China .
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Inoue T, Inokuchi M. Red-Shifted Photochromism of Diarylethenes Induced by Shear Stress. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Inoue
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Yamaguchi
| | - Makoto Inokuchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Yamaguchi
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Inoue T, Inokuchi M. Shear Stress- and Visible Light-induced Photochromism on Diarylethene. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Inoue
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Makoto Inokuchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
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Chung K, Kwon MS, Leung B, Wong-Foy AG, Kim MS, Kim J, Takayama S, Gierschner J, Matzger AJ, Kim J. Shear-Triggered Crystallization and Light Emission of a Thermally Stable Organic Supercooled Liquid. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2015; 1:94-102. [PMID: 27162955 PMCID: PMC4827535 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Thermodynamics drive crystalline organic molecules to be crystallized at temperatures below their melting point. Even though molecules can form supercooled liquids by rapid cooling, crystalline organic materials readily undergo a phase transformation to an energetically favorable crystalline phase upon subsequent heat treatment. Opposite to this general observation, here, we report molecular design of thermally stable supercooled liquid of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives and their intriguing shear-triggered crystallization with dramatic optical property changes. Molten DPP8, one of the DPP derivatives, remains as stable supercooled liquid without crystallization through subsequent thermal cycles. More interestingly, under shear conditions, this supercooled liquid DPP8 transforms to its crystal phase accompanied by a 25-fold increase in photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency and a color change. By systematic investigation on supercooled liquid formation of crystalline DPP derivatives and their correlation with chemical structures, we reveal that the origin of this thermally stable supercooled liquid is a subtle force balance between aromatic interactions among the core units and van der Waals interactions among the aliphatic side chains acting in opposite directions. Moreover, by applying shear force to a supercooled liquid DPP8 film at different temperatures, we demonstrated direct writing of fluorescent patterns and propagating fluorescence amplification, respectively. Shear-triggered crystallization of DPP8 is further achieved even by living cell attachment and spreading, demonstrating the high sensitivity of the shear-triggered crystallization which is about 6 orders of magnitude more sensitive than typical mechanochromism observed in organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongwoon Chung
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
| | - Brendan
M. Leung
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
| | - Antek G. Wong-Foy
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
| | - Min Su Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure
Physics, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan
University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyong Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure
Physics, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan
University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid
Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adam J. Matzger
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
| | - Jinsang Kim
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
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Cox JM, Walton IM, Patel DG(D, Xu M, Chen YS, Benedict JB. The Temperature Dependent Photoswitching of a Classic Diarylethene Monitored by in Situ X-ray Diffraction. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:884-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512488q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M. Cox
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Ian M. Walton
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Dinesh G. (Dan) Patel
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, Pennsylvania 18202, United States
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Department
of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jason B. Benedict
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Harty EL, Ha AR, Warren MR, Thompson AL, Allan DR, Goodwin AL, Funnell NP. Reversible piezochromism in a molecular wine-rack. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10608-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Coupling of a ‘wine-rack’ lattice motif with molecular flexibility leads to a large piezochromic response in an organic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L. Harty
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford OX1 3QR
- UK
| | - Alex R. Ha
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford OX1 3QR
- UK
| | | | - Amber L. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford OX1 3QR
- UK
| | | | - Andrew L. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford OX1 3QR
- UK
| | - Nicholas P. Funnell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford OX1 3QR
- UK
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Bond AD. processPIXEL: a program to generate energy-vector models from Gavezzotti'sPIXELcalculations. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714016446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A command-line program is presented to convert the output from Gavezzotti'sPIXELcalculations to Shishkin's energy-vector models representing the intermolecular interaction topology. The output models comprise sets of vectors joining the centres of the molecules in a crystal structure, scaled so that the vector representing the most stabilizing pairwise interaction has length equal to half of the corresponding intermolecular separation. When the energy-vector model is packed, the most stabilizing pairwise interaction is represented as a continuous line between interacting molecules, while the other intermolecular interactions are shown as discontinuous lines, with a smaller gap representing a more stabilizing interaction. The energy-vector models can be overlaid on the crystal structure using theMercuryvisualizer to enable convenient visualization of structural motifs that contribute significantly to the overall crystal packing energy.
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