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Salager JL, Marquez R, Rondón M, Bullón J, Graciaa A. Review on Some Confusion Produced by the Bicontinuous Microemulsion Terminology and Its Domains Microcurvature: A Simple Spatiotemporal Model at Optimum Formulation of Surfactant-Oil-Water Systems. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9040-9057. [PMID: 36936277 PMCID: PMC10018710 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental studies have improved understanding of molecular-level properties and behavior in surfactant-oil-water (SOW) systems at equilibrium and under nonequilibrium conditions. However, confusion persists regarding the terms "microemulsion" and "curvature" in these systems. Microemulsion refers to a single-phase system that does not contain distinct oil or water droplets but at least four different structures with globular domains of nanometer size and sometimes arbitrary shape. The significance of "curvature" in such systems is unclear. At high surfactant concentrations (typically 30 wt % or more), a single phase zone has been identified in which complex molecular arrangements may result in light scattering. As surfactant concentration decreases, the single phase is referred to as a bicontinuous microemulsion, known as the middle phase in a Winsor III triphasic system. Its structure has been described as involving simple or multiple surfactant films surrounding more or less elongated excess oil and water phase globules. In cases where the system separates into two or three phases, known as Winsor I or II systems, one of the phases, containing most of the surfactant, is also confusedly referred to as the microemulsion. In this surfactant-rich phase, the only curved objects are micellar size structures that are soluble in the system and have no real interface but rather exchange surfactant molecules with the external liquid phase at an ultrafast pace. The use of the term "curvature" in the context of these complex microemulsion systems is confusing, particularly when applied to merged nanometer-size globular or percolating domains. In this work, we discuss the terms "microemulsion" and "curvature", and the most simple four-dimensional spatiotemporal model is proposed concerning SOW equilibrated systems near the optimum formulation. This model explains the motion of surfactant molecules due to Brownian movement, which is a quick and arbitrary thermal fluctuation, and limited to a short distance. The resulting observation and behavior will be an average in time and in space, leading to a permanent change in the local microcurvature of the aggregate, thus changing the average from micelle-like to inverse micelle-like order over an extremely short time. The term "microcurvature" is used to explain the small variations of globule size and indicates a close-to-zero mean curvature of the surfactant-containing film surface shape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald Marquez
- Laboratorio
FIRP, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Miguel Rondón
- Universidad
Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
- ICP
Ecopetrol, Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia
| | - Johnny Bullón
- Laboratorio
FIRP, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Alain Graciaa
- Université
de Pau et Pays de l’Adour, UMR 5150 TOTAL-CNRS-UPPA, BP 1155, Pau 64013 Cedex, France
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2
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Iglicki D, Goubault C, Nour Mahamoud M, Chevance S, Gauffre F. Shedding light on the formation and stability of mesostructures in ternary "Ouzo" mixtures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:72-81. [PMID: 36436349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Ternary systems made of water, a water-miscible solvent, and hydrophobic solutes spontaneously produce metastable particles by the "Ouzo effect" and thermodynamically stable "Surfactant-Free Micro Emulsions" (SFME). However, the use of different analyses has led to a variability in the criteria to determine the boundaries of the Ouzo domain. We hypothesized that this could be clarified by investigating the stability and the physical state of the particles. EXPERIMENTS We investigate four systems using both solid and liquid solutes and two different solvents, and achieved a careful investigation of their phase diagrams, using DLS, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, NMR, Multiple Light Scattering, electrophoretic mobility, and fluorescence analysis. FINDINGS Our results evidence that the transition from the monophasic to the Ouzo domains does not coincide with the cloudiness curve, and that compositions in the Ouzo domain can look fully transparent, in contrast to what is often considered. This transition is best determined by stability analysis. The cloudiness curve corresponds to the formation of particles with a large size dispersity. In the Ouzo domain, we observed an exchange of solute between the continuous phase and solute particles swollen with solvent. In addition, the particles are stabilized against coalescence by their high negative charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Iglicki
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMat - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Clément Goubault
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMat - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | | | - Soizic Chevance
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMat - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Fabienne Gauffre
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMat - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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3
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Patel AD, Desai MA. Progress in the field of hydrotropy: mechanism, applications and green concepts. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sustainability and greenness are the concepts of growing interest in the area of research as well as industries. One of the frequently encountered challenges faced in research and industrial fields is the solubility of the hydrophobic compound. Conventionally organic solvents are used in various applications; however, their contribution to environmental pollution, the huge energy requirement for separation and higher consumption lead to unsustainable practice. We require solvents that curtail the usage of hazardous material, increase the competency of mass and energy and embrace the concept of recyclability or renewability. Hydrotropy is one of the approaches for fulfilling these requirements. The phenomenon of solubilizing hydrophobic compound using hydrotrope is termed hydrotropy. Researchers of various fields are attracted to hydrotropy due to its unique physicochemical properties. In this review article, fundamentals about hydrotropes and various mechanisms involved in hydrotropy have been discussed. Hydrotropes are widely used in separation, heterogeneous chemical reactions, natural product extraction and pharmaceuticals. Applications of hydrotropes in these fields are discussed at length. We have examined the significant outcomes and correlated them with green engineering and green chemistry principles, which could give an overall picture of hydrotropy as a green and sustainable approach for the above applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash D. Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology , Surat 395007 , Gujarat , India
| | - Meghal A. Desai
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology , Surat 395007 , Gujarat , India
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4
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Abstract
Sudden onset of solubilization is observed widely around or below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants. It has also been reported that micellization is induced by the solutes even below CMC and the solubilized solute increases the aggregation number of the surfactant. These observations suggest enhanced cooperativity in micellization upon solubilization. Recently, we have developed a rigorous statistical thermodynamic theory of cooperative solubilization. Its application to hydrotropy revealed the mechanism of cooperative hydrotropy: hydrotrope self-association enhanced by solutes. Here we generalize our previous cooperative solubilization theory to surfactants. We have shown that the well-known experimental observations, such as the reduction of CMC in the presence of the solutes and the increase of aggregation number, are the manifestations of cooperative solubilization. Thus, the surfactant self-association enhanced by a solute is the driving force of cooperativity and a part of a universal cooperative solubilization mechanism common to hydrotropes and surfactants at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Shimizu
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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5
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Schöttl S, Matubayasi N, Horinek D. Solubilization power of surfactant-free microemulsions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22185-22189. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02933e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An octanol/ethanol/water surfactant-free microemulsion solvates hydrophobic propane in small octanol/ethanol aggregates similar to traditional micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schöttl
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg
- D-93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Nobuyuki Matubayasi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Osaka 560-8531
- Japan
| | - Dominik Horinek
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg
- D-93040 Regensburg
- Germany
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
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6
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Winkler R, Ré E, Arrachart G, Pellet-Rostaing S. Impact of Solvent Structuring in Water/ tert-Butanol Mixtures on the Assembly of Silica Nanoparticles to Aerogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7905-7915. [PMID: 31088054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soft matter structuring is a useful tool for the preparation of well-structured inorganic materials. Here, we report a strategy using a structured solvent based on binary mixtures as a directing agent for silica nanoparticles in aerogel elaboration. Binary mixtures involving water/ethanol and water/ tert-butanol have been respectively chosen as representatives of unstructured and structured solvents. The water/alcohol/TEOS systems were effectively characterized as surfactant-free microemulsions. The enhanced solvent structuring, however, disappears upon the reaction with TEOS, and assembly is directed by solvent structuring found in the binary mixtures. For the first time, the influence of solvent composition on the sol-gel reaction was investigated with respect to the reaction rate and the structuring behavior thanks to dynamic light scattering (DLS), small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments. The silica nanoparticles aggregate in a different manner depending on the solvent composition, which allows the change in the morphology, the degree of interconnection, and the surface area of the resulting material. Silica nanoparticles with a very high surface area of up to 2000 m2/g can be obtained by this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Winkler
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM , Univ Montpellier , Marcoule , France
| | - Elisa Ré
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM , Univ Montpellier , Marcoule , France
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7
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Abstract
The directed assembly of molecular building blocks into discrete supermolecules or extended supramolecular networks through noncovalent intermolecular interactions is an ongoing challenge in chemistry. This challenge may be overcome by establishing a hierarchy of intermolecular interactions that, in turn, may facilitate the edification of supramolecular assemblies. As noncovalent interactions can be used to accelerate the reaction rates and/or to increase their selectivity, the development of efficient and practical catalytic systems, using supramolecular chemistry, has been achieved during the last few decades. However, between discrete and extended supramolecular assemblies, the newly developed “colloidal tectonics” concept allows us to link the molecular and macroscopic scales through the structured engineering of colloidal structures that can be applied to the design of predictable, versatile, and switchable catalytic systems. The main cutting-edge strategies involving supramolecular chemistry and self-organization in catalysis will be discussed and compared in this review.
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8
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Ibrahim RK, Hayyan M, AlSaadi MA, Ibrahim S, Hayyan A, Hashim MA. Physical properties of ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvents. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Hahn M, Krickl S, Buchecker T, Jošt G, Touraud D, Bauduin P, Pfitzner A, Klamt A, Kunz W. Ab initio prediction of structuring/mesoscale inhomogeneities in surfactant-free microemulsions and hydrogen-bonding-free microemulsions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8054-8066. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of microemulsion-like structuring in surfactant-free and hydrogen-bonding-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hahn
- COSMOlogic GmbH & Co. KG
- Imbacher Weg 46
- 51379 Leverkusen
- Germany
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
| | - Sebastian Krickl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Thomas Buchecker
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Gašper Jošt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Didier Touraud
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Pierre Bauduin
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM)
- UMR 5257 (CEA, CNRS, UM, ENSCM)
- BP 17171
- 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze
- France
| | - Arno Pfitzner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Andreas Klamt
- COSMOlogic GmbH & Co. KG
- Imbacher Weg 46
- 51379 Leverkusen
- Germany
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
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12
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Krickl S, Touraud D, Bauduin P, Zinn T, Kunz W. Enzyme activity of horseradish peroxidase in surfactant-free microemulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 516:466-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Keša P, Jancura D, Kudláčová J, Valušová E, Antalík M. Excitation of triplet states of hypericin in water mediated by hydrotropic cromolyn sodium salt. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 193:185-191. [PMID: 29241053 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin (Hyp) is a hydrophobic pigment found in plants of the genus Hypericum which exhibits low levels of solubility in water. This work shows that the solubility of Hyp can be significantly increased through the addition of cromolyn disodium salt (DSCG). Performed studies using UV-VIS absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies demonstrate that Hyp remains in a predominantly biologically photodynamic active monomeric form in the presence of DSCG at concentrations ranging from 4.6×10-3 to 1.2×10-1mol·L-1. The low association constant between Hyp and DSCG (Ka=71.7±2M-1), and the polarity value of 0.3 determined for Hyp in a DSCG-water solution, lead to a suggestion that the monomerization of Hyp in aqueous solution can be explained as a result of the hydrotropic effect of DSCG. This hydrotropic effect is most likely a result of interactions between two relative rigid aromatic rings of DSCG and a delocalized charge on the surface of the Hyp molecule. The triplet-triplet (T-T) electronic transition observed in is Hyp in the presence of DSCG suggests a possible production of reactive oxygen species once Hyp is irradiated with visible light in a DSCG aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Keša
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Daniel Jancura
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Júlia Kudláčová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Valušová
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marián Antalík
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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14
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Lucia A, Argudo PG, Guzmán E, Rubio RG, Ortega F. Formation of surfactant free microemulsions in the ternary system water/eugenol/ethanol. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Winkler R, Buchecker T, Hastreiter F, Touraud D, Kunz W. PPh4Cl in aqueous solution – the aggregation behavior of an antagonistic salt. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:25463-25470. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02677c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation behavior of the antagonistic salt PPh4Cl was investigated. This salt was found to be an excellent hydrotrope which does not aggregate in binary aqueous solutions or in a ternary one, upon the addition of the exemplary hydrophobic molecule DR-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Winkler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Thomas Buchecker
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Florian Hastreiter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Didier Touraud
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
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16
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Buchecker T, Krickl S, Winkler R, Grillo I, Bauduin P, Touraud D, Pfitzner A, Kunz W. The impact of the structuring of hydrotropes in water on the mesoscale solubilisation of a third hydrophobic component. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:1806-1816. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06696h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complex structuring of alcohols in water influences the mesoscale solubilisation of a third component depending on its nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Buchecker
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Krickl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Robert Winkler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | | | - Pierre Bauduin
- Institut de chimie séparative de Marcoule (ICSM)
- UMR 5257 (CEA, CNRS, UM, ENSCM)
- 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze
- France
| | - Didier Touraud
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Arno Pfitzner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
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17
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Shimizu S, Matubayasi N. Hydrotropy and scattering: pre-ouzo as an extended near-spinodal region. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26734-26742. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04990k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between hydrotropic solubilization and mesoscale structuring has been clarified from the first principles of chemical and statistical thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Shimizu
- York Structural Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- Heslington
- UK
| | - Nobuyuki Matubayasi
- Division of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
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Lopian T, Schöttl S, Prévost S, Pellet-Rostaing S, Horinek D, Kunz W, Zemb T. Morphologies Observed in Ultraflexible Microemulsions with and without the Presence of a Strong Acid. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:467-75. [PMID: 27504493 PMCID: PMC4965855 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We show that three different morphologies exist near the two-phase boundary of ternary systems containing a hydrotropic cosolvent. Based on synchrotron small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering combined with molecular dynamics, we rationalize the specific scattering signature of direct, bicontinuous, and reverse mesoscale solubilization. Surprisingly, these mesostructures are resilient toward strong acids, which are required in industrial applications. However, on a macroscopic scale, the phase boundary shifts in salting-in and salting-out in the direct and respectively reverse regime, leading to a crossing of the binodals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lopian
- Institut
de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, UMR 5257(CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENCSM), 30207 Bagnols sur
Cèze, France
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schöttl
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- ESRF—the
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Pellet-Rostaing
- Institut
de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, UMR 5257(CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENCSM), 30207 Bagnols sur
Cèze, France
| | - Dominik Horinek
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Zemb
- Institut
de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, UMR 5257(CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENCSM), 30207 Bagnols sur
Cèze, France
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20
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Zemb TN, Klossek M, Lopian T, Marcus J, Schöettl S, Horinek D, Prevost SF, Touraud D, Diat O, Marčelja S, Kunz W. How to explain microemulsions formed by solvent mixtures without conventional surfactants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4260-5. [PMID: 27044068 PMCID: PMC4843454 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1515708113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ternary solutions containing one hydrotrope (such as ethanol) and two immiscible fluids, both being soluble in the hydrotrope at any proportion, show unexpected solubilization power and allow strange but yet unexplained membrane enzyme activity. We study the system ethanol-water-octanol as a simple model of such kinds of ternary solutions. The stability of "detergentless" micelles or microemulsions in such mixtures was proposed in the pioneering works of Barden and coworkers [Smith GD, Donelan CE, Barden RE (1977)J Colloid Interface Sci60(3):488-496 and Keiser BA, Varie D, Barden RE, Holt SL (1979)J Phys Chem83(10):1276-1281] in the 1970s and then, neglected, because no general explanation for the observations was available. Recent direct microstructural evidence by light, X-ray, and neutron scattering using contrast variation reopened the debate. We propose here a general principle for solubilization without conventional surfactants: the balance between hydration force and entropy. This balance explains the stability of microemulsions in homogeneous ternary mixtures based on cosolvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Zemb
- ICSM (Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule), UMR 5257 (Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives/CNRS/Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier), 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France;
| | - Michael Klossek
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lopian
- ICSM (Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule), UMR 5257 (Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives/CNRS/Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier), 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France; Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julien Marcus
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schöettl
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Horinek
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sylvain F Prevost
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38043 Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Didier Touraud
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olivier Diat
- ICSM (Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule), UMR 5257 (Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives/CNRS/Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier), 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Stjepan Marčelja
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics & Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Werner Kunz
- ICSM (Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule), UMR 5257 (Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives/CNRS/Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier), 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France; Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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21
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Schöttl S, Horinek D. Aggregation in detergent-free ternary mixtures with microemulsion-like properties. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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23
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Surfactant-free alternative fuel: Phase behavior and diffusion properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 463:173-9. [PMID: 26520824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phase behavior of the three components, 1-propanol, water and oil is studied at 10, 25, and 40°C. Biodiesel, limonene and diesel are used as oil phases. NMR self-diffusion measurements are performed to investigate the microstructure of the one-phase regions. Tie lines in the two-phase regions are determined both by proton NMR analysis and compared with theoretical calculations. NMR self-diffusion results for the different components in these systems do not show any sign of confinement or obstructions, demonstrating these mixtures to be structureless solutions. A good agreement between the experimental and calculated phase behavior is obtained. The determined tie lines in the two-phase regions show higher affinity of 1-propanol to water than to oil.
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24
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Shimizu S, Matubayasi N. The origin of cooperative solubilisation by hydrotropes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25621-25628. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04823d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The signature of hydrotropic solubilisation is the sigmoidal solubility curve; when plotted against hydrotrope concentration, solubility increases suddenly after the minimum hydrotrope concentration (MHC), and reaches a plateau at higher hydrotrope concentrations. Here we explain the origin of hydrotropic cooperativity based on statistical thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Shimizu
- York Structural Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York YO10 5DD
- UK
| | - Nobuyuki Matubayasi
- Division of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Osaka 560-8531
- Japan
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25
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Fischer V, Marcus J, Touraud D, Diat O, Kunz W. Toward surfactant-free and water-free microemulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 453:186-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Micăle F, Albu F, Iorgulescu EE, Medvedovici A, Tache F. Ethyl lactate as a greener alternative to acetonitrile in RPLC: a realistic appraisal. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1701-7. [PMID: 26115951 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate substitution of acetonitrile (ACN) in mobile phases for reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) by low toxicity, ecologically friendly alternative solvents emerges as a greener approach in separation sciences. Ethyl lactate is considered as a green solvent in organic synthesis, industrial extraction processes and many other applicative fields. Its ability to substitute ACN in mobile phases for RPLC applications was barely investigated. The feasibility of such a replacement was tested for the separation of the mixture of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons listed by the Environmental Protection Agency. The analytical approach was found to be achievable, with some compromises in terms of elution order, peak efficiency and UV detectability. Thermodynamic aspects of the chromatographic process were also comparatively assessed. Correlations between the elution order and some molecular descriptors were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Micăle
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, #90 Panduri Av., Bucharest 050663, Romania
| | - Florin Albu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, #90 Panduri Av., Bucharest 050663, Romania Analytical Application Laboratory, Agilrom, # 40S Th. Pallady Ave., Bucharest 032266, Romania
| | - Emilia-Elena Iorgulescu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, #90 Panduri Av., Bucharest 050663, Romania
| | - Andrei Medvedovici
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, #90 Panduri Av., Bucharest 050663, Romania
| | - Florentin Tache
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, #90 Panduri Av., Bucharest 050663, Romania
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27
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Depletion of water-in-oil aggregates from poor solvents: Transition from weak aggregates towards reverse micelles. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Marcus J, Touraud D, Prévost S, Diat O, Zemb T, Kunz W. Influence of additives on the structure of surfactant-free microemulsions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:32528-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06364g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In surfactant-free microemulsions, the combination ethanol/antagonistic salt behaves like a surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Marcus
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - D. Touraud
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - S. Prévost
- ESRF
- The European Synchrotron
- 38000 Grenoble
- France
| | - O. Diat
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule
- UMR 5257 (CEA/CNRS/UM/ENSCM)
- 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze
- France
| | - T. Zemb
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule
- UMR 5257 (CEA/CNRS/UM/ENSCM)
- 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze
- France
| | - W. Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
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29
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Booth JJ, Omar M, Abbott S, Shimizu S. Hydrotrope accumulation around the drug: the driving force for solubilization and minimum hydrotrope concentration for nicotinamide and urea. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8028-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rigorous statistical thermodynamic theory explains how urea and nicotinamide can solubilize hydrophobic drugs in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Booth
- York Structural Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York YO10 5DD
- UK
| | - Muhiadin Omar
- York Structural Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York YO10 5DD
- UK
| | - Steven Abbott
- Steven Abbott TCNF Ltd
- Suffolk IP1 3SZ
- UK
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Leeds
| | - Seishi Shimizu
- York Structural Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York YO10 5DD
- UK
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30
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Recycling metals by controlled transfer of ionic species between complex fluids: en route to “ienaics”. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Shimizu S, Matubayasi N. Hydrotropy: monomer-micelle equilibrium and minimum hydrotrope concentration. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10515-24. [PMID: 25144510 DOI: 10.1021/jp505869m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug molecules with low aqueous solubility can be solubilized by a class of cosolvents, known as hydrotropes. Their action has often been explained by an analogy with micelle formation, which exhibits critical micelle concentration (CMC). Indeed, hydrotropes also exhibit "minimum hydrotrope concentration" (MHC), a threshold concentration for solubilization. However, MHC is observed even for nonaggregating monomeric hydrotropes (such as urea); this raises questions over the validity of this analogy. Here we clarify the effect of micellization on hydrotropy, as well as the origin of MHC when micellization is not accompanied. On the basis of the rigorous Kirkwood-Buff (KB) theory of solutions, we show that (i) micellar hydrotropy is explained also from preferential drug-hydrotrope interaction; (ii) yet micelle formation reduces solubilization effeciency per hydrotrope molecule; (iii) MHC is caused by hydrotrope-hydrotrope self-association induced by the solute (drug) molecule; and (iv) MHC is prevented by hydrotrope self-aggregation in the bulk solution. We thus need a departure from the traditional view; the structure of hydrotrope-water mixture around the drug molecule, not the structure of the aqueous hydrotrope solutions in the bulk phase, is the true key toward understanding the origin of MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Shimizu
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom
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