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Bachler J, Handle PH, Giovambattista N, Loerting T. Glass polymorphism and liquid-liquid phase transition in aqueous solutions: experiments and computer simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23238-23268. [PMID: 31556899 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02953b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most intriguing anomalies of water is its ability to exist as distinct amorphous ice forms (glass polymorphism or polyamorphism). This resonates well with the possible first-order liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) in the supercooled state, where ice is the stable phase. In this Perspective, we review experiments and computer simulations that search for LLPT and polyamorphism in aqueous solutions containing salts and alcohols. Most studies on ionic solutes are devoted to NaCl and LiCl; studies on alcohols have mainly focused on glycerol. Less attention has been paid to protein solutions and hydrophobic solutes, even though they reveal promising avenues. While all solutions show polyamorphism and an LLPT only in dilute, sub-eutectic mixtures, there are differences regarding the nature of the transition. Isocompositional transitions for varying mole fractions are observed in alcohol but not in ionic solutions. This is because water can surround alcohol molecules either in a low- or high-density configuration whereas for ionic solutes, the water ion hydration shell is forced into high-density structures. Consequently, the polyamorphic transition and the LLPT are prevented near the ions, but take place in patches of water within the solutions. We highlight discrepancies and different interpretations within the experimental community as well as the key challenges that need consideration when comparing experiments and simulations. We point out where reinterpretation of past studies helps to draw a unified, consistent picture. In addition to the literature review, we provide original experimental results. A list of eleven open questions that need further consideration is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bachler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Schneider S, Vogel M. NMR studies on the coupling of ion and water dynamics on various time and length scales in glass-forming LiCl aqueous solutions. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:104501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5047825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Schneider
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Vogel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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Camisasca G, De Marzio M, Rovere M, Gallo P. High density liquid structure enhancement in glass forming aqueous solution of LiCl. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:222829. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5024375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Camisasca
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università “Roma Tre,” Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - M. De Marzio
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università “Roma Tre,” Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Rovere
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università “Roma Tre,” Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Gallo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università “Roma Tre,” Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
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Faraone A, Wagle DV, Baker GA, Novak EC, Ohl M, Reuter D, Lunkenheimer P, Loidl A, Mamontov E. Glycerol Hydrogen-Bonding Network Dominates Structure and Collective Dynamics in a Deep Eutectic Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1261-1267. [PMID: 29336157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b11224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The deep eutectic solvent glyceline formed by choline chloride and glycerol in 1:2 molar ratio is much less viscous compared to glycerol, which facilitates its use in many applications where high viscosity is undesirable. Despite the large difference in viscosity, we have found that the structural network of glyceline is completely defined by its glycerol constituent, which exhibits complex microscopic dynamic behavior, as expected from a highly correlated hydrogen-bonding network. Choline ions occupy interstitial voids in the glycerol network and show little structural or dynamic correlations with glycerol molecules. Despite the known higher long-range diffusivity of the smaller glycerol species in glyceline, in applications where localized dynamics is essential (e.g., in microporous media), the local transport and dynamic properties must be dominated by the relatively loosely bound choline ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faraone
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - D V Wagle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - G A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - E C Novak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - M Ohl
- Jülich Center for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - D Reuter
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg , Augsburg 86159, Germany
| | - P Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg , Augsburg 86159, Germany
| | - A Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg , Augsburg 86159, Germany
| | - E Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Borreguero JM, Mamontov E. Disruption of Hydrogen-Bonding Network Eliminates Water Anomalies Normally Observed on Cooling to Its Calorimetric Glass Transition. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4168-4173. [PMID: 28398063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The calorimetric glass-transition temperature of water is 136 K, but extrapolation of thermodynamic and relaxation properties of water from ambient temperature to below its homogeneous nucleation temperature TH = 235 K predicts divergence at TS = 228 K. The "no-man's land" between the TH and glassy water crystallization temperature of 150 K, which is encountered on warming up from the vitrified state, precludes a straightforward reconciliation of the two incompatible temperature dependences of water properties, above 235 K and below 150 K. The addition of lithium chloride to water allows bypassing both TH and TS on cooling, resulting in the dynamics with no features except the calorimetric glass transition, still at 136 K. We show that lithium chloride prevents hydrogen-bonding network completion in water on cooling, as manifested, in particular, in changing microscopic diffusion mechanism of the water molecules. Thus thermodynamic and relaxation peculiarities exhibited by pure water on cooling to its glass transition, such as the existence of the TH and TS, must be associated specifically with the hydrogen-bonding network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Borreguero
- Neutron Data Analysis and Visualization Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Gupta S, Fischer JKH, Lunkenheimer P, Loidl A, Novak E, Jalarvo N, Ohl M. Effect of adding nanometre-sized heterogeneities on the structural dynamics and the excess wing of a molecular glass former. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35034. [PMID: 27725747 PMCID: PMC5057163 DOI: 10.1038/srep35034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the relaxation dynamics of glass-forming glycerol mixed with 1.1 nm sized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecules using dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and two different neutron scattering (NS) techniques. Both, the reorientational dynamics as measured by DS and the density fluctuations detected by NS reveal a broadening of the α relaxation when POSS molecules are added. Moreover, we find a significant slowing down of the α-relaxation time. These effects are in accord with the heterogeneity scenario considered for the dynamics of glasses and supercooled liquids. The addition of POSS also affects the excess wing in glycerol arising from a secondary relaxation process, which seems to exhibit a dramatic increase in relative strength compared to the α relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Juelich Centre for Neutron science (JCNS) outstation at SNS, POB 2008, 1 Bethel Valley Road, TN 37831, Oak Ridge, USA.,Biology and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), POB 2008, 1 Bethel Valley Road, TN 37831, Oak Ridge, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - J K H Fischer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - P Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - A Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - E Novak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - N Jalarvo
- Juelich Centre for Neutron science (JCNS) outstation at SNS, POB 2008, 1 Bethel Valley Road, TN 37831, Oak Ridge, USA.,Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), PO BOX 2008 MS6473, TN 37831, Oak Ridge, USA
| | - M Ohl
- Juelich Centre for Neutron science (JCNS) outstation at SNS, POB 2008, 1 Bethel Valley Road, TN 37831, Oak Ridge, USA.,Biology and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), POB 2008, 1 Bethel Valley Road, TN 37831, Oak Ridge, USA
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Mamontov E, O'Neill H. Reentrant condensation of lysozyme: Implications for studying dynamics of lysozyme in aqueous solutions of lithium chloride. Biopolymers 2016; 101:624-9. [PMID: 26819974 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have outlined the use of eutectic solutions of lithium chloride in water to study microscopic dynamics of lysozyme in an aqueous solvent that is remarkably similar to pure water in many respects, yet allows experiments over a wide temperature range without solvent crystallization. The eutectic point in a (H2O)R(LiCl) system corresponds to R ≈ 7.3, and it is of interest to investigate whether less-concentrated aqueous solutions of LiCl could be used in low-temperature studies of a solvated protein. We have investigated a range of concentrations of lysozyme and LiCl in aqueous solutions to identify systems that do not show phase separation and avoid solvent crystallization on cooling down. Compared to the lysozyme concentration in solution, the concentration of LiCl in the aqueous solvent plays the major role in determining systems suitable for low-temperature studies. We have observed interesting and rich phase behavior reminiscent of reentrant condensation of proteins.
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Gupta S, Mamontov E, Jalarvo N, Stingaciu L, Ohl M. Characteristic length scales of the secondary relaxations in glass-forming glycerol. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2016; 39:40. [PMID: 27021657 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the secondary relaxations and their link to the main structural relaxation in glass-forming liquids using glycerol as a model system. We analyze the incoherent neutron scattering signal dependence on the scattering momentum transfer, Q , in order to obtain the characteristic length scale for different secondary relaxations. Such a capability of neutron scattering makes it somewhat unique and highly complementary to the traditional techniques of glass physics, such as light scattering and broadband dielectric spectroscopy, which provide information on the time scale, but not the length scales, of relaxation processes. The choice of suitable neutron scattering techniques depends on the time scale of the relaxation of interest. We use neutron backscattering to identify the characteristic length scale of 0.7 Å for the faster secondary relaxation described in the framework of the mode-coupling theory (MCT). Neutron spin-echo is employed to probe the slower secondary relaxation of the excess wing type at a low temperature ( ∼ 1.13T g . The characteristic length scale for this excess wing dynamics is approximately 4.7 Å. Besides the Q -dependence, the direct coupling of neutron scattering signal to density fluctuation makes this technique indispensable for measuring the length scale of the microscopic relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- JCNS-SNS, Biology and Soft-matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Bethel Valley Road, PO BOX 2008 MS6473, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - E Mamontov
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), PO BOX 2008 MS6473, 37831-6473, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - N Jalarvo
- JCNS-SNS, Biology and Soft-matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Bethel Valley Road, PO BOX 2008 MS6473, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), PO BOX 2008 MS6473, 37831-6473, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - L Stingaciu
- JCNS-SNS, Biology and Soft-matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Bethel Valley Road, PO BOX 2008 MS6473, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - M Ohl
- JCNS-SNS, Biology and Soft-matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Bethel Valley Road, PO BOX 2008 MS6473, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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Mamontov E, Zolnierczuk P, Ohl M. Nanometer-sized dynamic entities in an aqueous system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4466-71. [PMID: 25578558 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using neutron spin-echo and backscattering spectroscopy, we have found that at low temperatures water molecules in an aqueous solution engage in center-of-mass dynamics that are different from both the main structural relaxations and the well-known localized motions in the transient cages of the nearest neighbor molecules. While the latter localized motions are known to take place on the picosecond time scale and Angstrom length scale, the slower motions that we have observed are found on the nanosecond time scale and nanometer length scale. They are associated with the slow secondary relaxations, or excess wing dynamics, in glass-forming liquids. Our approach, therefore, can be applied to probe the characteristic length scale of the dynamic entities associated with slow dynamics in glass-forming liquids, which presently cannot be studied by other experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mamontov
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6473, USA.
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Gupta S, Arend N, Lunkenheimer P, Loidl A, Stingaciu L, Jalarvo N, Mamontov E, Ohl M. Excess wing in glass-forming glycerol and LiCl-glycerol mixtures detected by neutron scattering. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2015; 38:1. [PMID: 25612850 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2015-15001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The relaxational dynamics in glass-forming glycerol and glycerol mixed with LiCl is investigated using different neutron scattering techniques. The performed neutron spin echo experiments, which extend up to relatively long relaxation time scales of the order of 10 ns, should allow for the detection of contributions from the so-called excess wing. This phenomenon, whose microscopic origin is controversially discussed, arises in a variety of glass formers and, until now, was almost exclusively investigated by dielectric spectroscopy and light scattering. Here we show that the relaxational process causing the excess wing can also be detected by neutron scattering, which directly couples to density fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Outstation at SNS-Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN, USA,
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