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Dabuliene A, Shi ZE, Leitonas K, Lung CY, Volyniuk D, Kaur K, Matulis V, Lyakhov D, Michels D, Chen CP, Grazulevicius JV. Enhancement of Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with Hole-Selective Layers of Rationally Designed Thiazolo[5,4- d]thiazole Derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30239-30254. [PMID: 38808540 PMCID: PMC11181279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
We introduce thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TT)-based derivatives featuring carbazole, phenothiazine, or triphenylamine donor units as hole-selective materials to enhance the performance of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The optoelectronic properties of the materials underwent thorough evaluation and were substantially fine-tuned through deliberate molecular design. Time-of-flight hole mobility TTs ranged from 4.33 × 10-5 to 1.63 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 (at an electric field of 1.6 × 105 V cm-1). Their ionization potentials ranged from -4.93 to -5.59 eV. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it has been demonstrated that S0 → S1 transitions in TTs with carbazolyl or ditert-butyl-phenothiazinyl substituents are characterized by local excitation (LE). Mixed intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and LE occurred for compounds containing ditert-butyl carbazolyl-, dimethoxy carbazolyl-, or alkoxy-substituted triphenylamino donor moieties. The selected derivatives of TT were used for the preparation of hole-selective layers (HSL) in PSC with the structure of glass/ITO/HSLs/Cs0.18FA0.82Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3/PEAI/PC61BM/BCP/Ag. The alkoxy-substituted triphenylamino containing TT (TTP-DPA) has been demonstrated to be an effective material for HSL. Its layer also functioned well as an interlayer, improving the surface of control HSL_2PACz (i.e., reducing the surface energy of 2PACz from 66.9 to 52.4 mN m-1), thus enabling precise control over perovskite growth energy level alignment and carrier extraction/transportation at the hole-selecting contact of PSCs. 2PACz/TTP-DPA-based devices showed an optimized performance of 19.1 and 37.0% under 1-sun and 3000 K LED (1000 lx) illuminations, respectively. These values represent improvements over those achieved by bare 2PACz-based devices, which attained efficiencies of 17.4 and 32.2%, respectively. These findings highlight the promising potential of TTs for the enhancement of the efficiencies of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Dabuliene
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko Str. 59, Kaunas LT-51423, Lithuania
| | - Zhong-En Shi
- Department
of Materials Engineering and
Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming
Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Karolis Leitonas
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko Str. 59, Kaunas LT-51423, Lithuania
| | - Chien-Yu Lung
- Department
of Materials Engineering and
Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming
Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko Str. 59, Kaunas LT-51423, Lithuania
| | - Khushdeep Kaur
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko Str. 59, Kaunas LT-51423, Lithuania
| | - Vitaly Matulis
- Belarusian
State University, Minsk 220030, Republic
of Belarus
| | - Dmitry Lyakhov
- Computer,
Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dominik Michels
- Computer,
Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department
of Materials Engineering and
Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming
Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- College
of Engineering and Center for Sustainability and Energy Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Juozas Vidas Grazulevicius
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko Str. 59, Kaunas LT-51423, Lithuania
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Kumar K. Charge transporting and thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials for OLED applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3711-3754. [PMID: 38221898 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03214k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of effective charge transporting (CT) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are in high demand to obtain high-performing OLED devices. Recently, the significant development in the field of OLEDs has led to the creation of numerous charge transporting and TADF materials with diverse structures. To further improve the device performance, a better understanding of the structural characteristics and structure-property relationships of these materials is essential. Moreover, to enhance the efficiency of OLEDs, all the electrogenerated excitons should be constrained in EMLs. The TADF mechanism can theoretically register 100% IQE through a potent up-conversion method from non-radiative triplet excitons to radiative singlet excitons. In this review, the structural importance, classification, physical properties, and electroluminescence data of some recent charge transporting and TADF materials are summarized and discussed. Moreover, their molecular structural dependence on functional groups and linkers is classified, which can enhance their charge transporting or emitting ability. To offer a potential roadmap for the further development of charge transporting and TADF materials, it is hoped that this study will encourage researchers to acknowledge their important role in OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, IIT Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India.
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Park JY, Kwak SL, Park HJ, Hwang DH. Indolocarbazole-Based Photo-Crosslinkable Hole-Transporting Layer for Efficient Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1934. [PMID: 37446451 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a new indolocarbazole-based polymer, poly(N,N-diphenyl(5,11-dihexylindolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazol-2-yl)amine) (PICA), for solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of this polymer, -5.25 and -2.46 eV, respectively, are suitable for hole transport from the anode to the emissive layer. PICA was photo-crosslinked by UV irradiation with ethane-1,2-diyl bis(4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoate) (FPA) as the photoinitiator. Successful crosslinking was confirmed by a decreased intensity in the azide-stretching FT-IR peak and solvent test with toluene (a suitable solvent for PICA). The PICA film photo-crosslinked with 3 wt% FPA showed enhanced solvent resistance (90%) compared to the non-crosslinked neat PICA film (<20%). Moreover, OLED devices using PICA-based hole-transporting layers exhibited better device performance (EQE/LE/PE: 8.88%/12.97/8.12 in red devices, 10.84%/38.47 cd/A/25.06 lm/W in green devices) than those using poly-TPD:FPA. We demonstrated that the photo-crosslinked PICA can be applied as a hole-transporting layer in solution-processed OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Lee Kwak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea Jung Park
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Joseph V, Thomas KRJ, Sahoo S, Singh M, Dubey DK, Jou JH. Vinyl-Linked Cyanocarbazole-Based Emitters: Effect of Conjugation and Terminal Chromophores on the Photophysical and Electroluminescent Properties. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16477-16488. [PMID: 31458283 PMCID: PMC6644140 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of carbazole-based dyes functionalized with different auxochromes via vinyl linker have been synthesized and characterized. A progressive shift in the absorption maximum is observed as the conjugation and electron-donating nature of chromophore increases. Dyes containing electron-releasing terminal groups such as triphenylamine and carbazole exhibited positive emission solvatochromism attributable to an induced intramolecular charge transfer from triphenylamine/carbazole donor to cyano acceptor. The superior electroluminescence performance of disubstituted dyes demonstrates the role of an additional cyanocarbazole in achieving balanced charge transport compared to monosubstituted analogues. In addition, the electroluminescence performance of the dyes exhibited trends attributable to the electron richness of the linker/terminal chromophore. Thus, the carbazole-based derivatives displayed better electroluminescence efficiency than the analogous fluorene derivatives. Similarly, 2,7-substituted carbazole derivative exhibited better performance than the 3,6-substituted carbazole derivative. A doped electroluminescent device containing 3 wt % tricarbazole derivative showed blue emission with a high external quantum efficiency of 5.3% at a practical brightness of 1000 cd/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellaichamy Joseph
- Organic
Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic
Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Snehasis Sahoo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Meenu Singh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Deepak Kumar Dubey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Zhou N, Wang S, Xiao Y, Li X. A Novel trans
-1-(9-Anthryl)-2-phenylethene Derivative Containing a Phenanthroimidazole Unit for Application in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Chem Asian J 2017; 13:81-88. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nonglin Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300354 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Shirong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300354 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300354 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xianggao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300354 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
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Chou SY, Chen Y. Hole-buffer polymer composed of alternating p
-terphenyl and tetraethylene glycol ether moieties: Synthesis and application in polymer light-emitting diodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ying Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; 1, University Rd. Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; 1, University Rd. Tainan 70101 Taiwan
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Kaur M, Ahn YH, Choi K, Cho MJ, Choi DH. A bifunctional colorimetric fluorescent probe for Hg2+and Cu2+based on a carbazole–pyrimidine conjugate: chromogenic and fluorogenic recognition on TLC, silica-gel and filter paper. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7149-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00907c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A bifunctional fluorescent probe based on a carbazole–pyrimidine conjugate exhibited a colorimetric and ratiometric turn-on response towards Hg2+/Cu2+in the nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- 136-701 Seoul
- Korea
| | - Ye-Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- 136-701 Seoul
- Korea
| | - Kihang Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- 136-701 Seoul
- Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- 136-701 Seoul
- Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- 136-701 Seoul
- Korea
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Wu CS, Su HC, Chen Y. Synthesis and chemosensory application of water-soluble polyfluorenes containing carboxylated groups. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5682-90. [PMID: 24965116 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00944d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Detection of metal ions in aqueous solutions is a major issue for environmental protection. Conjugated polyelectrolytes showing high sensitivity and selectivity towards the detection of metal ions are highly desirable. We report a water-soluble polyfluorene containing carboxylated groups (P1), poly[9,9'-bis(3''-propanoate)fluoren-2,7-yl] sodium salt, which shows high recognition capability toward Cu(+) and Cu(2+). P1 was prepared via the hydrolysis of poly[9,9'-bis(tert-butyl-3''-propanoate)fluoren-2,7-yl] (P0) which was synthesized by Suzuki coupling polymerization. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of P1 in aqueous solution are significantly quenched in the presence of Cu(+) and Cu(2+). P1 shows high selectivity and sensitivity toward Cu(+) and Cu(2+), with the Stern-Volmer constants (Ksv) being 3.5 × 10(6) and 5.78 × 10(6) M(-1), respectively. Moreover, the stoichiometric ratio of the P1 repeat unit to Cu(+) or Cu(2+) is 2 : 1 obtained from Job's plot. P1 maintains high selectivity towards Cu(+) or Cu(2+) in the presence of various metal cations. Our results demonstrate that P1 shows very high sensitivity and selectivity in recognizing Cu(+) and Cu(2+), indicating that it is a promising functional material for chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Wu CS, Wu YS, Chen Y. Water-soluble 1,2,4-triazole with diethylene glycol monoethyl ether groups: synthesis, characterization and application as an electron injection layer for PLEDs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:8927-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00306c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel electron injection material 3OTAZ composed of an aromatic 1,2,4-triazolyl core with three diethylene glycol ether groups enhances electroluminescence of HY-PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan, Taiwan
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Xue X, Zhang W, Zhang N, Ju C, Peng X, Yang Y, Liang Y, Feng Y, Zhang B. Effect of the length of the alkyl chains in porphyrin meso-substituents on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Wu CS, Lu HA, Chen CP, Guo TF, Chen Y. Water/alcohol soluble electron injection material containing azacrown ether groups: synthesis, characterization and application to enhancement of electroluminescence. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1430-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Wu CS, Lin YJ, Chen Y. A fluorene-based material containing triple azacrown ether groups: synthesis, characterization and application in chemosensors and electroluminescent devices. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1419-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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