1
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Levina EO, Tsirelson VG. DFT potentials from a chemical perspective: Anatomy of electron (de)localization in molecules and crystals. J Comput Chem 2023. [PMID: 37183763 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a fermionic potential, v f $$ {v}_f $$ , as a comprehensive measure of electron (de)localization in atomic-molecular systems. Unlike other common descriptors as ELF, LOL, etc., it characterizes all physical effects responsible for (de)localization of electrons, namely: an exchange hole depth, its tendency to change, a sensitivity of an exchange correlation hidden in a pair density and kinetic potential to local variations in electron density. Wells in the v f $$ {v}_f $$ distribution correspond to the domains of maximum electron localization, while the potential's barriers prevent delocalization of electrons through them. It also estimates bond orders and successfully reveals the impact of chemical modifications or environmental effects on the delocalization of electrons in molecules and crystals. The v f $$ {v}_f $$ components provide a unique opportunity to compare the influence of the mentioned physical effects on electron (de)localization. This merges physical and chemical views of electron delocalization using functions appearing in density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O Levina
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Tsirelson
- D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Dunning TH, Gordon MS, Xantheas SS. The nature of the chemical bond. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:130401. [PMID: 37031137 DOI: 10.1063/5.0148500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thom H Dunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Mark S Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Sotiris S Xantheas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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3
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Abstract
AbstractTwo complementary methodologies for extracting useful insights into electronic structure and bonding from contemporary wavefunctions are compared. The first of these, known as the analysis of domain-averaged Fermi holes (DAFH), mostly provides visually appealing descriptions of the role and the extent of electron sharing in chemical bonding. The second one, known as the fragment, atom, localized, delocalized and interatomic (FALDI) charge density decomposition scheme, uses the partitioning of certain localization and delocalization indices to focus on highly visual contributions associated with individual domains and with pairs of domains, respectively. Four variants of a FALDI-like approach are investigated here in some detail, mostly to establish which of them are the most reliable and the most informative. In addition to ‘full’ calculations that use the correlated pair density, the consequences for the DAFH and FALDI-like procedures of using instead a popular one-electron approximation are explored. Additionally, the geometry dependence of the degree of acceptability of the errors that this introduces for delocalization indices is assessed for different formal bond multiplicities. The familiar molecular test systems employed for these various linked investigations are the breaking of the bonds in H2 and in N2, as well as the nature of the bonding in B2H6, as a simple example of multicenter bonding. One of the key outcomes of this study is a clear understanding of how DAFH analysis and a particular variant of FALDI-like analysis could be most profitably deployed to extract complementary insights into more complex and/or controversial bonding situations.
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4
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Foroutan-Nejad C. The Na⋅⋅⋅B Bond in NaBH 3 - : A Different Type of Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20900-20903. [PMID: 32757234 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A newly introduced Na-B bond in NaBH3 - has been a challenge for the chemical bonding community. Here, a series of MBH3 - (M=Li, Na, K) species and NaB(CN)3 - are studied within the context of quantum chemical topology approaches. The analyses suggest that M-B interaction cannot be classified as an ordinary covalent, dative, or even simple ionic interaction. The interactions are controlled by coulombic forces between the metals and the substituents on boron, for example, H or CN, more than the direct M-B interaction. On the other hand, while the characteristics of the (3, -1) critical points of the bonds are comparable to weak hydrogen bonds, not covalent bonds, the metal and boron share a substantial sum of electrons. To the best of the author's knowledge, the characteristics of these bonds are unprecedented among known molecules. Considering all paradoxical properties of these bonds, they are herein described as ionic-enforced covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University & National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Cina Foroutan‐Nejad
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University & National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University 62500 Brno Czech Republic
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6
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Acke G, De Baerdemacker S, Martín Pendás Á, Bultinck P. Hierarchies of quantum chemical descriptors induced by statistical analyses of domain occupation number operators. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stijn De Baerdemacker
- Department of Chemistry University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
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Zhang J, Sheong FK, Lin Z. Principal interacting orbital: A chemically intuitive method for deciphering bonding interaction. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong
| | - Fu Kit Sheong
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong
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8
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Pendás AM, Francisco E. Quantum Chemical Topology as a Theory of Open Quantum Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 15:1079-1088. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Martín Pendás
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - E. Francisco
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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9
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Acke G, Bultinck P. The influence of correlation on (de)localization indices from a valence bond perspective. J Mol Model 2018; 24:275. [PMID: 30191324 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When going beyond the Hartree-Fock level to correlated methods, one observes a significant reduction in the delocalization index. This is commonly interpreted as a weakening of electron sharing due to electron correlation, although this is rather counter-intuitive to the concomitant energy lowering. In this study, we use an analytical valence bond model and full CI calculations to show that this reduction in the delocalization index actually goes hand in hand with increased covalent contributions at the expense of ionic contributions. This suggests that we should be careful in formulating interpretations of these results in (de)localization indices. Graphical Abstract Variation of the localization Δ(ΩA, ΩA) and delocalization index Δ(ΩA, ΩB) as a function of the parameter ω. By adjusting this parameter ω from [Formula: see text] to 0, we can gradually change the underlying wave function from a Hartree-Fock to a Heitler-London description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Acke
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), Ghent, 900, Belgium
| | - Patrick Bultinck
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), Ghent, 900, Belgium.
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de Lange JH, Cukrowski I. Exact and exclusive electron localization indices within QTAIM atomic basins. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:1517-1530. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurgens H. de Lange
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences; University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road; Hatfield Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Ignacy Cukrowski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences; University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road; Hatfield Pretoria 0002 South Africa
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11
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de Lange JH, van Niekerk DME, Cukrowski I. FALDI-based decomposition of an atomic interaction line leads to 3D representation of the multicenter nature of interactions. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:973-985. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurgens H. de Lange
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road; Hatfield Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Daniel M. E. van Niekerk
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road; Hatfield Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Ignacy Cukrowski
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road; Hatfield Pretoria 0002 South Africa
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12
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Martín Pendás A, Francisco E. From quantum fragments to Lewis structures: electron counting in position space. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21368-21380. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04090g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From quantum atoms to electron counting the rs-AdNCP strategy: a Lewis structure through (nc,2e) functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Martín Pendás
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica
- Universidad de Oviedo
- Oviedo
- Spain
| | - E. Francisco
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica
- Universidad de Oviedo
- Oviedo
- Spain
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13
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Reassessing spin-coupled (full generalized valence bond) descriptions of ozone using three-center bond indices. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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de Lange JH, Cukrowski I. Toward deformation densities for intramolecular interactions without radical reference states using the fragment, atom, localized, delocalized, and interatomic (FALDI) charge density decomposition scheme. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:981-997. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurgens Hendrik de Lange
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences; University of Pretoria; Lynnwood Road Hatfield Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Ignacy Cukrowski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences; University of Pretoria; Lynnwood Road Hatfield Pretoria 0002 South Africa
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15
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Pinto de Magalhães H, Lüthi HP, Bultinck P. Exploring the role of the 3-center–4-electron bond in hypervalent λ3-iodanes using the methodology of domain averaged Fermi holes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:846-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
λ3-Iodanes are shown to express pronounced 3-center–4-electron bonds whose strength strongly correlates with the kind of ligands, thereby allowing to modulate the reactivity of these reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Peter Lüthi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bultinck
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Gent
- Belgium
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16
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Cooper DL, Ponec R, Kohout M. New insights from domain-averaged Fermi holes and bond order analysis into the bonding conundrum in C2. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ponec
- Institute of Chemical Processes, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kohout
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
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17
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Gatti C, Orlando AM, Lo Presti L. Insights on spin polarization through the spin density source function. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3845-3852. [PMID: 29218155 PMCID: PMC5707457 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03988b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The source function for the spin density s(r) is introduced, allowing the H and O influence on s(r) to be disentangled.
Understanding how spin information is transmitted from paramagnetic to non-magnetic centers is crucial in advanced materials research and calls for novel interpretive tools. Herein, we show that the spin density at a point may be seen as determined by a local source function for such density, operating at all other points of space. Integration of the local source over Bader's quantum atoms measures their contribution in determining the spin polarization at any system's location. Each contribution may be then conveniently decomposed in a magnetic term due to the magnetic natural orbital(s) density and in a reaction or relaxation term due to the remaining orbitals density. A simple test case, 3B1 water, is chosen to exemplify whether an atom or group of atoms concur or oppose the paramagnetic center in determining a given local spin polarization. Discriminating magnetic from reaction or relaxation contributions to such behaviour strongly enhances chemical insight, though care needs to be paid to the large sensitivity of the latter contributions to the level of the computational approach and to the difficulty of singling out the magnetic orbitals in the case of highly correlated systems. Comparison of source function atomic contributions to the spin density with those reconstructing the electron density at a system's position, enlightens how the mechanisms which determine the two densities may in general differ and how diverse may be the role played by each system's atom in determining each of the two densities. These mechanisms reflect the quite diverse portraits of the electron density and electron spin density Laplacians, hence the different local concentration/dilution of the total and (α–β) electron densities throughout the system. Being defined in terms of an observable, the source function for the spin density is also potentially amenable to experimental determination, as customarily performed for its electron density analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Gatti
- CNR-ISTM, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari , Via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy . .,Center for Materials Crystallography , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Ahmed M Orlando
- Center for Materials Crystallography , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus , Denmark.,Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- CNR-ISTM, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari , Via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy . .,Center for Materials Crystallography , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus , Denmark.,Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
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18
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Menéndez M, Álvarez Boto R, Francisco E, Martín Pendás Á. One-electron images in real space: Natural adaptive orbitals. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:833-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Menéndez
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica; Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo; 33006-Oviedo Spain
| | - Roberto Álvarez Boto
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica; Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo; 33006-Oviedo Spain
| | - Evelio Francisco
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica; Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo; 33006-Oviedo Spain
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica; Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo; 33006-Oviedo Spain
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19
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Cooper DL, Ponec R, Kohout M. Are orbital-resolved shared-electron distribution indices and Cioslowski covalent bond orders useful for molecules? Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1004377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ponec
- Institute of Chemical Processes, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kohout
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Ferro-Costas D, Francisco E, Pendás ÁM, Mosquera RA. Revisiting the carbonyl n → π* electronic excitation through topological eyes: expanding, enriching and enhancing the chemical language using electron number distribution functions and domain averaged Fermi holes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26059-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interpretations of the S0 → S1 transition in formaldehyde arising from the DAFH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ferro-Costas
- Departamento de Química Física
- Universidade de Vigo
- Facultade de Química
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
| | - Evelio Francisco
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33006-Oviedo
- Spain
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33006-Oviedo
- Spain
| | - Ricardo A. Mosquera
- Departamento de Química Física
- Universidade de Vigo
- Facultade de Química
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
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