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Ruderman A, Smrekar S, Bracamonte MV, Primo EN, Luque GL, Thomas J, Leiva E, Monti GA, Barraco DE, Vaca Chávez F. Unveiling the stability of Sn/Si/graphite composites for Li-ion storage by physical, electrochemical and computational tools. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3281-3289. [PMID: 33506828 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05501h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complex materials composed of two and three elements with high Li-ion storage capacity are investigated and tested as lithium-ion battery (LiB) negative electrodes. Namely, anodes containing tin, silicon, and graphite show very good performance because of the large gravimetric and volumetric capacity of silicon and structural support provided by tin and graphite. The performance of the composites during the first cycles was studied using ex situ magic angle spinning (MAS) 7Li Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and electrochemical techniques. The best performance was obtained for Sn/Si/graphite in a 1 : 1 : 1 proportion, due to an emergent effect of the interaction between Sn and Si. The results suggest a stabilization effect of Sn over Si, providing a physical constraint that prevents Si pulverization. This mechanism ensures good cyclability over more than one hundred cycles, low capacity fading and high specific capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ruderman
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Argentina
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Chen J, Luo B, Chen Q, Li F, Guo Y, Wu T, Peng P, Qin X, Wu G, Cui M, Liu L, Chu L, Jiang B, Li Y, Gong X, Chai Y, Yang Y, Chen Y, Huang W, Liu X, Li M. Localized Electrons Enhanced Ion Transport for Ultrafast Electrochemical Energy Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905578. [PMID: 32101356 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The rate-determining process for electrochemical energy storage is largely determined by ion transport occurring in the electrode materials. Apart from decreasing the distance of ion diffusion, the enhancement of ionic mobility is crucial for ion transport. Here, a localized electron enhanced ion transport mechanism to promote ion mobility for ultrafast energy storage is proposed. Theoretical calculations and analysis reveal that highly localized electrons can be induced by intrinsic defects, and the migration barrier of ions can be obviously reduced. Consistently, experiment results reveal that this mechanism leads to an enhancement of Li/Na ion diffusivity by two orders of magnitude. At high mass loading of 10 mg cm-2 and high rate of 10C, a reversible energy storage capacity up to 190 mAh g-1 is achieved, which is ten times greater than achievable by commercial crystals with comparable dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yanjiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Gaoxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Mengqi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lehao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lihua Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xueqing Gong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210028, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Meicheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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Hanghofer I, Gadermaier B, Wilkening A, Rettenwander D, Wilkening HMR. Lithium ion dynamics in LiZr 2(PO 4) 3 and Li 1.4Ca 0.2Zr 1.8(PO 4) 3. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9376-9387. [PMID: 31172156 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01786k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability and small interfacial resistances against Li metal anodes are the main requirements to be fulfilled in powerful, next-generation all-solid-state batteries. Understanding ion transport in materials with sufficiently high chemical and electrochemical stability, such as rhombohedral LiZr2(PO4)3, is important to further improve their properties with respect to translational Li ion dynamics. Here, we used broadband impedance spectroscopy to analyze the electrical responses of LiZr2(PO4)3 and Ca-stabilized Li1.4Ca0.2Zr1.8(PO4)3 that were prepared following a solid-state synthesis route. We investigated the influence of the starting materials, either ZrO2 and Zr(CH3COO)4, on the final properties of the products and studied Li ion dynamics in the crystalline grains and across grain boundary (g.b.) regions. The Ca2+ content has only little effect on bulk properties (4.2 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 298 K, 0.41 eV), but, fortunately, the g.b. resistance decreased by 2 orders of magnitude. Whereas, 7Li spin-alignment echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) confirmed long-range ion transport as seen by conductivity spectroscopy, 7Li NMR spin-lattice relaxation revealed much smaller activation energies (0.18 eV) and points to rapid localized Li jump processes. The diffusion-induced rate peak, appearing at T = 282 K, shows Li+ exchange processes with rates of ca. 109 s-1 corresponding, formally, to ionic conductivities in the order of 10-3 S cm-1 to 10-2 S cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hanghofer
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Prutsch D, Breuer S, Uitz M, Bottke P, Langer J, Lunghammer S, Philipp M, Posch P, Pregartner V, Stanje B, Dunst A, Wohlmuth D, Brandstätter H, Schmidt W, Epp V, Chadwick A, Hanzu I, Wilkening M. Nanostructured Ceramics: Ionic Transport and Electrochemical Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2016-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCeramics with nm-sized dimensions are widely used in various applications such as batteries, fuel cells or sensors. Their oftentimes superior electrochemical properties as well as their capabilities to easily conduct ions are, however, not completely understood. Depending on the method chosen to prepare the materials, nanostructured ceramics may be equipped with a large area fraction of interfacial regions that exhibit structural disorder. Elucidating the relationship between microscopic disorder and ion dynamics as well as electrochemical performance is necessary to develop new functionalized materials. Here, we highlight some of the very recent studies on ion transport and electrochemical properties of nanostructured ceramics. Emphasis is put on TiO
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Griffith KJ, Forse AC, Griffin JM, Grey CP. High-Rate Intercalation without Nanostructuring in Metastable Nb2O5 Bronze Phases. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8888-99. [PMID: 27264849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructuring and nanosizing have been widely employed to increase the rate capability in a variety of energy storage materials. While nanoprocessing is required for many materials, we show here that both the capacity and rate performance of low-temperature bronze-phase TT- and T-polymorphs of Nb2O5 are inherent properties of the bulk crystal structure. Their unique "room-and-pillar" NbO6/NbO7 framework structure provides a stable host for lithium intercalation; bond valence sum mapping exposes the degenerate diffusion pathways in the sites (rooms) surrounding the oxygen pillars of this complex structure. Electrochemical analysis of thick films of micrometer-sized, insulating niobia particles indicates that the capacity of the T-phase, measured over a fixed potential window, is limited only by the Ohmic drop up to at least 60C (12.1 A·g(-1)), while the higher temperature (Wadsley-Roth, crystallographic shear structure) H-phase shows high intercalation capacity (>200 mA·h·g(-1)) but only at moderate rates. High-resolution (6/7)Li solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of T-Nb2O5 revealed two distinct spin reservoirs, a small initial rigid population and a majority-component mobile distribution of lithium. Variable-temperature NMR showed lithium dynamics for the majority lithium characterized by very low activation energies of 58(2)-98(1) meV. The fast rate, high density, good gravimetric capacity, excellent capacity retention, and safety features of bulk, insulating Nb2O5 synthesized in a single step at relatively low temperatures suggest that this material not only is structurally and electronically exceptional but merits consideration for a range of further applications. In addition, the realization of high rate performance without nanostructuring in a complex insulating oxide expands the field for battery material exploration beyond conventional strategies and structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent J Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Alexander C Forse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - John M Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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Reitz C, Breitung B, Schneider A, Wang D, von der Lehr M, Leichtweiss T, Janek J, Hahn H, Brezesinski T. Hierarchical Carbon with High Nitrogen Doping Level: A Versatile Anode and Cathode Host Material for Long-Life Lithium-Ion and Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10274-82. [PMID: 26867115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-rich carbon with both a turbostratic microstructure and meso/macroporosity was prepared by hard templating through pyrolysis of a tricyanomethanide-based ionic liquid in the voids of a silica monolith template. This multifunctional carbon not only is a promising anode candidate for long-life lithium-ion batteries but also shows favorable properties as anode and cathode host material owing to a high nitrogen content (>8% after carbonization at 900 °C). To demonstrate the latter, the hierarchical carbon was melt-infiltrated with sulfur as well as coated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) of anatase TiO2, both of which led to high-quality nanocomposites. TiO2 ALD increased the specific capacity of the carbon while maintaining high Coulombic efficiency and cycle life: the composite exhibited stable performance in lithium half-cells, with excellent recovery of low rate capacities after thousands of cycles at 5C. Lithium-sulfur batteries using the sulfur/carbon composite also showed good cyclability, with reversible capacities of ∼700 mA·h·g(-1) at C/5 and without obvious decay over several hundred cycles. The present results demonstrate that nitrogen-rich carbon with an interconnected multimodal pore structure is very versatile and can be used as both active and inactive electrode material in high-performance lithium-based batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martin von der Lehr
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Leichtweiss
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Horst Hahn
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage , Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Park JK, Kwon HJ, Lee CE. NMR Observation of Mobile Protons in Proton-Implanted ZnO Nanorods. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23378. [PMID: 26988733 PMCID: PMC4796899 DOI: 10.1038/srep23378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The diffusion properties of H(+) in ZnO nanorods are investigated before and after 20 MeV proton beam irradiation by using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Herein, we unambiguously observe that the implanted protons occupy thermally unstable site of ZnO, giving rise to a narrow NMR line at 4.1 ppm. The activation barrier of the implanted protons was found to be 0.46 eV by means of the rotating-frame spin-lattice relaxation measurements, apparently being interstitial hydrogens. High-energy beam irradiation also leads to correlated jump diffusion of the surface hydroxyl group of multiple lines at ~1 ppm, implying the presence of structural disorder at the ZnO surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kue Park
- Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gyeongju 38180, Korea.,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyeok-Jung Kwon
- Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gyeongju 38180, Korea.,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejon 34113, Korea
| | - Cheol Eui Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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