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Fotouhi M, Seidi S, Razeghi Y, Torfinezhad S. A dual-mode assay kit using a portable potentiostat connected to a smartphone via Bluetooth communication and a potential-power angle-based paper device susceptible for low-cost point-of-care testing of iodide and dopamine. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342127. [PMID: 38182351 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering that the brain controls most of the body's activities, it is very important to measure the factors affecting its function, such as dopamine and iodide. Due to the growing population in the world, it is necessary to provide fast, cheap and accurate methods with the capability of on-site analysis and without the need for invasive sampling and operator skill. As a result, there is a strong desire to replace laboratory instruments with small sensors for point-of-care testing. Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) are one of the popular zero-cost approaches to achieve this goal. RESULTS We developed a simple and disposable diagnostic paper system based on electroanalytical and potential-power angle-based methods. First, we prepared an angle-based analytical system capable of performing semi-quantitative iodide analysis simply by reading the colored angle traveled. This system design is based on a channel containing complex reagents and two pencil-drawn electrodes to apply a constant voltage accelerating the anions migration. Meanwhile, a three-electrode system based on conductive pencil graphite is developed to measure dopamine concentration based on linear sweep voltammetry. For the quantitative analysis, the voltammetric data was wirelessly transmitted to a mobile device via Bluetooth communication. In this context, a power supply providing the required voltage for the migration of iodide ions, a portable potentiostat system, and a mobile application for measuring dopamine were developed. The calibration curves for I- and dopamine range from 3.5 × 10-4-47.0 × 10-4 and 10.0 × 10-6-1000.0 × 10-6 mol L-1 with LODs of 2.3 × 10-4 and 5.0 × 10-6 mol L-1, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY A new portable dual-mode voltage-assisted integrated PAD platform was designed for iodide and dopamine analysis. The characteristics of this device allow non-experts to carry out in-field analysis using sub-100 μL saliva sample with a time-to-result of <10 min along with reducing the overall cost and operational complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Fotouhi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Postal Code 15418-49611, Tehran, Iran; Nanomaterial, Separation and Trace Analysis Research Lab, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Postal Code 15418-49611, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Seidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Postal Code 15418-49611, Tehran, Iran; Nanomaterial, Separation and Trace Analysis Research Lab, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Postal Code 15418-49611, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasaman Razeghi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Postal Code 15418-49611, Tehran, Iran; Nanomaterial, Separation and Trace Analysis Research Lab, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 16315-1618, Postal Code 15418-49611, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Torfinezhad
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Musa AM, Kiely J, Luxton R, Honeychurch KC. An Electrochemical Screen-Printed Sensor Based on Gold-Nanoparticle-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide-Carbon Nanotubes Composites for the Determination of 17-β Estradiol. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040491. [PMID: 37185565 PMCID: PMC10136424 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with gold-nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide-carbon nanotubes (rGO-AuNPs/CNT/SPE) was used for the determination of estradiol (E2). The AuNPs were produced through an eco-friendly method utilising plant extract, eliminating the need for severe chemicals, and remove the requirements of sophisticated fabrication methods and tedious procedures. In addition, rGO-AuNP serves as a dispersant for the CNT to improve the dispersion stability of CNTs. The composite material, rGO-AuNPs/CNT, underwent characterisation through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrochemical performance of the modified SPE for estradiol oxidation was characterised using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The rGO-AuNPs/CNT/SPE exhibited a notable improvement compared to bare/SPE and GO-CNT/SPE, as evidenced by the relative peak currents. Additionally, we employed a baseline correction algorithm to accurately adjust the sensor response while eliminating extraneous background components that are typically present in voltammetric experiments. The optimised estradiol sensor offers linear sensitivity from 0.05-1.00 µM, with a detection limit of 3 nM based on three times the standard deviation (3δ). Notably, this sensing approach yields stable, repeatable, and reproducible outcomes. Assessment of drinking water samples indicated an average recovery rate of 97.5% for samples enriched with E2 at concentrations as low as 0.5 µM%, accompanied by only a modest coefficient of variation (%CV) value of 2.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auwal M Musa
- Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology (IBST), University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Janice Kiely
- Centre for Research in Biosciences (CRIB), School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Richard Luxton
- Centre for Research in Biosciences (CRIB), School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Kevin C Honeychurch
- Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology (IBST), University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
- Centre for Research in Biosciences (CRIB), School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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3
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Taufiq S, Waqar M, Sharif MN, Abbas SR. Towards portable rapid TB biosensor: Detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in raw sputum samples using functionalized screen printed electrodes. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108353. [PMID: 36603412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to lack of robust, sensitive and low cost detection strategies, Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health issue. WHO reports 1.5 million deaths per year, ∼80 % cases occur in low- to middle-income countries, where resource limitations complicate the diagnosis. Robust detection of TB infection is important to contain the spread and treat disease. We developed a label-free DNA biosensor based on commercially available screen printed electrodes (SPEs) (DropSens and Zensors) that can detect TB robustly, sensitively, and specifically via DNA hybridization with its IS6110 gene marker, in purified DNA and raw sputum samples. The fabricated biosensor was morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and Differential Pulse Voltammetry was used for electrochemical analysis of the modified electrode. The fabricated biosensor demonstrated satisfactory selectivity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) against Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli and was able to detect MTB; the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.90 nM with R2 = 0.993, when analyzed over a range of concentrations of DNA (0.5-10 nM). It is being exploited to detect target MTB from clinical samples, without DNA purification. The approach is robust, sensitive, and specific, requires low sample volume and can be extended towards portable point of care diagnosis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Taufiq
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan; Biosensors and Therapeutics Lab, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Waqar
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nauman Sharif
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan; Biosensors and Therapeutics Lab, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shah Rukh Abbas
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan; Biosensors and Therapeutics Lab, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Lepak-Kuc S, Nowicki Ł, Janczak D, Jakubowska M. The Influence of the Matrix Selection and the Unification Process on the Key Parameters of the Conductive Graphene Layers on a Flexible Substrate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1238. [PMID: 36770245 PMCID: PMC9921362 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Screen-printed graphene layers on flexible substrates are one of the most advanced printed electronics developments of recent years. Obtaining thin, flexible, highly conductive components, whose applications are increasingly directed towards biomedical engineering and even medicine, requires an in-depth understanding of the correct choice of materials and procedures. Our work was aimed at investigating the influence of homogenisation in the triple rolling process over pastes dedicated to the screen printing technology, on their rheological parameters and the properties of the prints. The effect of selecting a suitable polymer matrix and different packing of graphene flakes was evaluated. Several studies were carried out, which can provide an excellent knowledge base in the context of graphene screen-printing pastes. Paste rheology, printability, path thickness, sheet resistance and adhesion to the substrate were investigated. Selected layers were also subjected to SEM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lepak-Kuc
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Sw. Andrzeja Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Nowicki
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Sw. Andrzeja Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Janczak
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Sw. Andrzeja Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jakubowska
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Sw. Andrzeja Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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Pepłowski A, Budny F, Jarczewska M, Lepak-Kuc S, Dybowska-Sarapuk Ł, Baraniecki D, Walter P, Malinowska E, Jakubowska M. Self-Assembling Graphene Layers for Electrochemical Sensors Printed in a Single Screen-Printing Process. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8836. [PMID: 36433435 PMCID: PMC9692624 DOI: 10.3390/s22228836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article reports findings on screen-printed electrodes employed in microfluidic diagnostic devices. The research described includes developing a series of graphene- and other carbon form-based printing pastes compared to their rheological parameters, such as viscosity in static and shear-thinning conditions, yield stress, and shear rate required for thinning. In addition, the morphology, electrical conductivity, and electrochemical properties of the electrodes, printed with the examined pastes, were investigated. Correlation analysis was performed between all measured parameters for six electrode materials, yielding highly significant (p-value between 0.002 and 0.017) correlations between electron transfer resistance (Ret), redox peak separation, and static viscosity and thinning shear-rate threshold. The observed more electrochemically accessible surface was explained according to the fluid mechanics of heterophase suspensions. Under changing shear stress, the agglomeration enhanced by the graphene nanoplatelets' interparticle affinity led to phase separation. Less viscous pastes were thinned to a lesser degree, allowing non-permanent clusters to de-agglomerate. Thus, the breaking of temporary agglomerates yielded an unblocked electrode surface. Since the mechanism of phase ordering through agglomeration and de-agglomeration is affected by the pastes' rheology and stress during the printing process and requires no further treatment, it can be appropriately labeled as a self-assembling electrode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pepłowski
- Printed Electronics, Textronics & Assembly Lab, Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 19 Poleczki, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Budny
- Printed Electronics, Textronics & Assembly Lab, Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 19 Poleczki, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 8 A. Boboli, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Jarczewska
- The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Lepak-Kuc
- Printed Electronics, Textronics & Assembly Lab, Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 19 Poleczki, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 8 A. Boboli, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Dybowska-Sarapuk
- Printed Electronics, Textronics & Assembly Lab, Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 19 Poleczki, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 8 A. Boboli, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Baraniecki
- Printed Electronics, Textronics & Assembly Lab, Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 19 Poleczki, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 8 A. Boboli, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Walter
- Printed Electronics, Textronics & Assembly Lab, Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 19 Poleczki, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Malinowska
- The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Division of Medical Diagnostics, Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 19 Poleczki, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jakubowska
- Printed Electronics, Textronics & Assembly Lab, Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 19 Poleczki, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 8 A. Boboli, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Jamilan MA, Abdullah J, Alang Ahmad SA, Md Noh MF. Enhanced electrochemical detection of iodide at a reduced graphene oxide-modified carbon electrode in iodized salts. Food Chem 2022; 393:133382. [PMID: 35667176 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, enhancement of electrochemical performance of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) (ERGO/SPCE) coupled with ion-pairing (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) for the determination of iodide in table salt has been described. The electrode modification of ERGO/SPCE was conducted using cyclic voltammetric (CV) scanning in the potential range of 1.3-0.4 V for 50 cycles after the drop-casting of graphene oxide (GO) suspension on the SPCE. It was found that the electro-active surface area of ERGO/SPCE was increased by 1.5-fold compared to the bare SPCE. ERGO/SPCE sensor displays linearity towards iodide in the concentration range from 0.020 to 1.0 mg/L (sensitivity = 5.40 µA(mg/L)-1, R2 = 0.9906) with the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.070 mg/L and 0.21 mg/L, respectively. The comparison between polarography and ERGO/SPCE sensor was in good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Azerulazree Jamilan
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor D.E., Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
| | - Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
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Hydrothermal production of low-cost CeNi2S4-reduced graphene oxide composites as an efficient counter electrode for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Alzate D, Lopez-Osorio MC, Cortes-Mancera F, Navas MC, Orozco J. Detection of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in wastewater by an electrochemical genosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Charoenkitamorn K, Siangproh W, Chailapakul O, Oyama M, Chaneam S. Simple Portable Voltammetric Sensor Using Anodized Screen-Printed Graphene Electrode for the Quantitative Analysis of p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Cosmetics. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16116-16126. [PMID: 35571801 PMCID: PMC9097212 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Screen-printed graphene electrodes (SPGEs) have become a potential option in electrochemical applications because of their outstanding properties and disposable approach to miniaturize the electrodes for onsite analysis. Herein, the detection of para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) in cosmetics using the anodized SPGE has been pioneered and reported. The simple anodization of the SPGE surface was operated by anodic pretreatment at a constant potential on SPGE. The surface morphologies and electrochemical behaviors of anodized SPGEs in different anodization electrolytes were examined. Using anodized SPGE in a phosphate-buffered solution, a nontoxic solution, the sensitivity of PHBA detection was significantly improved compared with pristine SPGE owing to the increase of the polar oxygen-containing functional group during the anodization. The anodized SPGE could detect a PHBA down to 0.073 μmol/L. Finally, the developed anodized SPGE presented high ability and feasibility for PHBA detection in cosmetics. Furthermore, a facile electrode preparation step with a nontoxic solution can present high reproducibility and compatibility with a portable potentiostat for onsite PHBA detection during manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Charoenkitamorn
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn
University, Nakhon
Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Weena Siangproh
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry
and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Munetaka Oyama
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Sumonmarn Chaneam
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn
University, Nakhon
Pathom 73000, Thailand
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Khan AF, Ferrari AGM, Hughes JP, Smith GC, Banks CE, Rowley-Neale SJ. 2D-Hexagonal Boron Nitride Screen-Printed Bulk-Modified Electrochemical Platforms Explored towards Oxygen Reduction Reactions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3330. [PMID: 35591020 PMCID: PMC9105127 DOI: 10.3390/s22093330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
A low-cost, scalable and reproducible approach for the mass production of screen-printed electrode (SPE) platforms that have varying percentage mass incorporations of 2D hexagonal boron nitride (2D-hBN) (2D-hBN/SPEs) is demonstrated herein. These novel 2D-hBN/SPEs are explored as a potential metal-free electrocatalysts towards oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) within acidic media where their performance is evaluated. A 5% mass incorporation of 2D-hBN into the SPEs resulted in the most beneficial ORR catalysis, reducing the ORR onset potential by ca. 200 mV in comparison to bare/unmodified SPEs. Furthermore, an increase in the achievable current of 83% is also exhibited upon the utilisation of a 2D-hBN/SPE in comparison to its unmodified equivalent. The screen-printed fabrication approach replaces the less-reproducible and time-consuming drop-casting technique of 2D-hBN and provides an alternative approach for the large-scale manufacture of novel electrode platforms that can be utilised in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamar F. Khan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.F.K.); (A.G.-M.F.); (J.P.H.); (C.E.B.)
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Miranda Ferrari
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.F.K.); (A.G.-M.F.); (J.P.H.); (C.E.B.)
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jack P. Hughes
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.F.K.); (A.G.-M.F.); (J.P.H.); (C.E.B.)
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Graham C. Smith
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Chester, Thornton Science Park, Pool Lane, Ince, Chester CH2 4NU, UK;
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.F.K.); (A.G.-M.F.); (J.P.H.); (C.E.B.)
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Samuel J. Rowley-Neale
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.F.K.); (A.G.-M.F.); (J.P.H.); (C.E.B.)
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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Chen B, Johnson ZT, Sanborn D, Hjort RG, Garland NT, Soares RRA, Van Belle B, Jared N, Li J, Jing D, Smith EA, Gomes CL, Claussen JC. Tuning the Structure, Conductivity, and Wettability of Laser-Induced Graphene for Multiplexed Open Microfluidic Environmental Biosensing and Energy Storage Devices. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15-28. [PMID: 34812606 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The integration of microfluidics and electrochemical cells is at the forefront of emerging sensors and energy systems; however, a fabrication scheme that can create both the microfluidics and electrochemical cells in a scalable fashion is still lacking. We present a one-step, mask-free process to create, pattern, and tune laser-induced graphene (LIG) with a ubiquitous CO2 laser. The laser parameters are adjusted to create LIG with different electrical conductivity, surface morphology, and surface wettability without the need for postchemical modification. Such definitive control over material properties enables the creation of LIG-based integrated open microfluidics and electrochemical sensors that are capable of dividing a single water sample along four multifurcating paths to three ion selective electrodes (ISEs) for potassium (K+), nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+) monitoring and to an enzymatic pesticide sensor for organophosphate pesticide (parathion) monitoring. The ISEs displayed near-Nernstian sensitivities and low limits of detection (LODs) (10-5.01 M, 10-5.07 M, and 10-4.89 M for the K+, NO3-, and NH4+ ISEs, respectively) while the pesticide sensor exhibited the lowest LOD (15.4 pM) for an electrochemical parathion sensor to date. LIG was also specifically patterned and tuned to create a high-performance electrochemical micro supercapacitor (MSC) capable of improving the power density by 2 orders of magnitude compared to a Li-based thin-film battery and the energy density by 3 orders of magnitude compared to a commercial electrolytic capacitor. Hence, this tunable fabrication approach to LIG is expected to enable a wide range of real-time, point-of-use health and environmental sensors as well as energy storage/harvesting modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Zachary T Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Delaney Sanborn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Robert G Hjort
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nate T Garland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Raquel R A Soares
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Bryan Van Belle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nathan Jared
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jingzhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- U.S. Department of Energy, The Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Dapeng Jing
- U.S. Department of Energy, The Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Emily A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- U.S. Department of Energy, The Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Carmen L Gomes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jonathan C Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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12
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Nasraoui S, Ameur S, Al-Hamry A, Ben Ali M, Kanoun O. Development of an Efficient Voltammetric Sensor for the Monitoring of 4-Aminophenol Based on Flexible Laser Induced Graphene Electrodes Modified with MWCNT-PANI. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:833. [PMID: 35161578 PMCID: PMC8840637 DOI: 10.3390/s22030833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive electrodes are of a great importance for the realization of highly performant electrochemical sensors for field application. In the present work, a laser-induced carbon (LIC) electrode is proposed for 4-Aminophenol (4-AP) electrochemical sensors. The electrode is patterned on a commercial low-cost polyimide (Kapton) sheet and functionalized with a multi-walled carbon nanotubes polyaniline (MWCNT-PANI) composite, realized by an in-situ-polymerization in an acidic medium. The LIC electrode modified with MWCNT-PAPNI nanocomposite was investigated by SEM, AFM, and electrochemically in the presence of ferri-ferrocyanide [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The results show a significant improvement of the electron transfer rate after the electrode functionalization in the presence of the redox mediators [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-, related directly to the active surface, which itself increased by about 18.13% compared with the bare LIG. The novel electrode shows a good reproducibility and a stability for 20 cycles and more. It has a significantly enhanced electro-catalytic activity towards electrooxidation reaction of 4-AP inferring positive synergistic effects between carbon nanotubes and polyaniline PANI. The presented electrode combination LIC/MWCNT-PANI exhibits a detection limit of 0.006 μM for the determination of 4-AP at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 55 μM and was successfully applied for the monitoring in real samples with good recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Nasraoui
- Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany;
- Centre for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse, Tunisia and NANOMISENE Lab, LR16CRMN01, University of Sousse Sahloul, Sousse 4003, Tunisia; (S.A.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Sami Ameur
- Centre for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse, Tunisia and NANOMISENE Lab, LR16CRMN01, University of Sousse Sahloul, Sousse 4003, Tunisia; (S.A.); (M.B.A.)
- Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, Sousse 4034, Tunisia
| | - Ammar Al-Hamry
- Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Mounir Ben Ali
- Centre for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse, Tunisia and NANOMISENE Lab, LR16CRMN01, University of Sousse Sahloul, Sousse 4003, Tunisia; (S.A.); (M.B.A.)
- Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4003, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Kanoun
- Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany;
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13
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Amin M, Abdullah BM, Rowley-Neale SJ, Wylie S, Slate AJ, Banks CE, Whitehead KA. Diamine Oxidase-Conjugated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes to Facilitate Electrode Surface Homogeneity. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:675. [PMID: 35062637 PMCID: PMC8780216 DOI: 10.3390/s22020675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have gained significant interest over recent years in the field of electrochemistry, and they may be limited in their use due to issues with their difficulty in dispersion. Enzymes are prime components for detecting biological molecules and enabling electrochemical interactions, but they may also enhance multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersion. This study evaluated a MWCNT and diamine oxidase enzyme (DAO)-functionalised screen-printed electrode (SPE) to demonstrate improved methods of MWCNT functionalisation and dispersion. MWCNT morphology and dispersion was determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Carboxyl groups were introduced onto the MWCNT surfaces using acid etching. MWCNT functionalisation was carried out using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), followed by DAO conjugation and glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking. Modified C-MWNCT/EDC-NHS/DAO/GA was drop cast onto SPEs. Modified and unmodified electrodes after MWCNT functionalisation were characterised using optical profilometry (roughness), water contact angle measurements (wettability), Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (vibrational modes and elemental composition, respectively). The results demonstrated that the addition of the DAO improved MWCNT homogenous dispersion and the solution demonstrated enhanced stability which remained over two days. Drop casting of C-MWCNT/EDC-NHS/DAO/GA onto carbon screen-printed electrodes increased the surface roughness and wettability. UV-Vis, SEM, Raman and EDX analysis determined the presence of carboxylated MWCNT variants from their non-carboxylated counterparts. Electrochemical analysis demonstrated an efficient electron transfer rate process and a diffusion-controlled redox process. The modification of such electrodes may be utilised for the development of biosensors which could be utilised to support a range of healthcare related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Amin
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Liverpool John Moore’s University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (B.M.A.); (S.W.)
- Microbiology at Interfaces Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - B. M. Abdullah
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Liverpool John Moore’s University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (B.M.A.); (S.W.)
| | - S. J. Rowley-Neale
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (S.J.R.-N.); (C.E.B.)
| | - S. Wylie
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Liverpool John Moore’s University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (B.M.A.); (S.W.)
| | - A. J. Slate
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - C. E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (S.J.R.-N.); (C.E.B.)
| | - K. A. Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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14
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Whittingham MJ, Hurst NJ, Crapnell RD, Garcia-Miranda Ferrari A, Blanco E, Davies TJ, Banks CE. Electrochemical Improvements Can Be Realized via Shortening the Length of Screen-Printed Electrochemical Platforms. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16481-16488. [PMID: 34854668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are ubiquitous within the field of electrochemistry and are commonplace within the arsenal of electrochemists. Their popularity stems from their reproducibility, versatility, and extremely low-cost production, allowing their utilization as single-shot electrodes and thus removing the need for tedious electrode pretreatments. Many SPE studies have explored changing the working electrode composition and/or size to benefit the researcher's specific applications. In this paper, we explore a critical parameter of SPEs that is often overlooked; namely, we explore changing the length of the SPE connections. We provide evidence of resistance changes through altering the connection length to the working electrode through theoretical calculations, multimeter measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We demonstrate that changing the physical length of SPE connections gives rise to more accurate heterogeneous electrode kinetics, which cannot be overcome simply through IR compensation. Significant improvements are observed when utilized as the basis of electrochemical sensing platforms for sodium nitrite, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and lead (II). This work has a significant impact upon the field of SPEs and highlights the need for researchers to characterize and define their specific electrode performance. Without such fundamental characterization as the length and resistance of the SPE used, direct comparisons between two different systems for similar applications are obsolete. We therefore suggest that, when using SPEs in the future, experimentalists report the length of the working electrode connection alongside the measured resistance (multimeter or EIS) to facilitate this standardization across the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Whittingham
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Nicholas J Hurst
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Robert D Crapnell
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | | | - Elias Blanco
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.,Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Trevor J Davies
- Electrochemical Technology Technical Centre, INOVYN, South Parade, Runcorn, Cheshire WA7 4JE, U.K
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
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15
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Richard I, Schyrr B, Aiassa S, Carrara S, Sorin F. All-in-Fiber Electrochemical Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43356-43363. [PMID: 34490779 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have found a wide range of applications in analytical chemistry thanks to the advent of high-throughput printing technologies. However, these techniques are usually limited to two-dimensional (2D) geometry with relatively large minimal feature sizes. Here, we report on the scalable fabrication of monolithically integrated electrochemical devices with novel and customizable fiber-based architectures. The multimaterial thermal drawing technique is employed to co-process polymer composites and metallic glass into uniform electroactive and pseudoreference electrodes embedded in an insulating polymer cladding fiber. To demonstrate the versatility of the process, we tailor the fiber microstructure to two configurations: a small-footprint fiber tip sensor and a high-surface-area capillary cell. We demonstrate the performance of our devices using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry for the direct detection and quantification of paracetamol, a common anesthetic drug. Finally, we showcase a fully portable pipet-based analyzer using low-power electronics and an "electrochemical pipet tip" for direct sampling and analysis of microliter-range volumes. Our approach paves the way toward novel materials and architectures for efficient electrochemical sensing to be deployed in existing and novel personal care and surgical configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Richard
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Schyrr
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Aiassa
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - S Carrara
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Sorin
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Lee J, Mullen JW, Hussain G, Silvester DS. Effect of microelectrode array spacing on the growth of platinum electrodeposits and its implications for oxygen sensing in ionic liquids. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Lei Y, Ossonon BD, Chen J, Perreault J, Tavares AC. Electrochemical characterization of graphene-type materials obtained by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Butler D, Moore D, Glavin NR, Robinson JA, Ebrahimi A. Facile Post-deposition Annealing of Graphene Ink Enables Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11185-11194. [PMID: 33645208 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research focuses on engineering materials for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA), a critical neurotransmitter involved in motor function, reward processes, and blood pressure regulation. Among various sensing materials, graphene is highly attractive due to its excellent electrical conductivity and, in particular, the π-π interaction between the aromatic rings of DA and graphene. However, the lowest detection limits reported solely using graphene are nominally 1 nM. To improve the sensor sensitivity, various strategies are being explored, including chemical functionalization, heterostructure/composite formation, elemental doping, and modification with biomolecules (aptamers, enzymes, etc.). In this work, we demonstrate that commercially available graphene ink can exhibit selective and highly sensitive detection of DA by tuning the surface chemistry utilizing a simple, one-step annealing process. The annealing condition directly impacts the sensor response to DA, with the optimal conditions (30 min at 300 °C under 3% H2 + Ar) yielding a distinguishable and selective response to DA down to 5 pM. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms that the improved selectivity is due to the increased fraction of oxygen functionalities (in particular, C-OH), while Raman spectroscopy shows a higher degree of defectiveness for this condition compared to others. Evaluation of the interaction of three molecular components of DA (i.e., aromatic ring, hydroxyl groups, and amine group) with graphene confirms that the π-π interaction and -OH groups play a prominent role in the improved adsorption of DA on the graphene surface. Furthermore, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept, all-solution processable sensor on polyimide substrates using graphene ink. Tuning the sensor response by varying the annealing condition offers a simple avenue for developing sensitive, selective, and low-cost point-of-care biosensors, while low-temperature annealing ensures compatibility with flexible substrates, such as polyimide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Butler
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Center for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - David Moore
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Nicholas R Glavin
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Joshua A Robinson
- Center for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Aida Ebrahimi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Center for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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19
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Khan MAR, Vieira CAC, Riu J, Sales MGF. Fabrication and modification of homemade paper-based electrode systems. Talanta 2021; 224:121861. [PMID: 33379072 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the simple and inexpensive fabrication of homemade paper-based carbon-printed electrodes (HP C-PEs), aiming to produce an alternative way to generate electrochemical biosensors to all and promoting their wide use. This is especially important in times of pandemics, considering the excellent features of electrochemical biosensing, which may ensure portability, low-cost and quick responses. HP C-PEs were fabricated using a standard cellulose filter paper that was first modified with wax, to make it hydrophobic. Then, the electrodes were manually printed on top of this cellulose/wax substrate. The electrodes were designed by having standard configurations for potentiometric and electrochemical readings, combining two or three electrodes. In general, both electrode systems showed excellent electrochemical and mechanical features, which were better in specific cases than commercial devices. The 3-electrode system displayed high current levels with low peak-to-peak potential separation, yielding highly stable signals after consecutive electrode bending that corresponded to high active areas. The possibility of modifying the devices with polymers produced in-situ was also explored and proven successful, providing also advantageous features when compared to other devices. The 2-electrode system was also proven highly stable and capable of subsequent use in potentiometric sensing development. Overall, the fabrication process of the 2- and 3-electode systems described herein may be employed in laboratories to produce successful electrochemical biosensors, with the final devices displaying excellent electrochemical and mechanical features. This procedure offers the advantages of being simple and inexpensive, when compared to other commercial devices, while using materials that are promptly available and that may undergo a worldwide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azizur R Khan
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; Jashore University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Catarina A C Vieira
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Riu
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - M Goreti F Sales
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal; BioMark/UC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University, Portugal.
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20
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Kongkaew S, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Limbut W. Studying the preparation, electrochemical performance testing, comparison and application of a cost-effective flexible graphene working electrode. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 583:487-498. [PMID: 33017693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
-A cost-effective flexible graphene working electrode (FGWE) was fabricated using overhead projector transparent film (OPTF) and a screen-printing technique. The surface morphology and electrochemical behavior of the electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The electrode presented a very thin layer of conductive ink (16.0 ± 0.7 µm) on a large effective surface area (0.301 ± 0.001 cm-2). The anodic peak current density (jpa) of acetaminophen (ACT) in FGWE was 5.2, 3.7, 3.5 and 6.0 times greater than the jpa of glassy carbon electrode (GCE), flexible carbon working electrode (FCWE), SPE1, and SPE2, respectively. The electrochemical performance of FGWE toward ACT was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimized condition, ACT was quantified in a range of 4-100 µM, with good sensitivity, good accuracy (recovery = 82.3 ± 0.4 to 106 ± 3%), and excellent precision. FGWE was applied to determine ACT in commercial pharmaceutical formulations. The results of the study are in good agreement with those obtained by the standard spectrophotometric method. These results indicate that disposable FGWE is particularly useful for the detection of ACT, and its performance may serve as a platform for cost-effective flexible electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatinee Kongkaew
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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21
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Kava AA, Henry CS. Exploring carbon particle type and plasma treatment to improve electrochemical properties of stencil-printed carbon electrodes. Talanta 2021; 221:121553. [PMID: 33076109 PMCID: PMC7575823 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stencil-printing conductive carbon inks has revolutionized the development of inexpensive, disposable and portable electrochemical sensors. However, stencil-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) typically suffer from poor electrochemical properties. While many surface pretreatments and modifications have been tested to improve the electrochemical activity of SPCEs, the bulk composition of the inks used for printing has been largely ignored. Recent studies of other carbon composite electrode materials show significant evidence that the conductive carbon particle component is strongly related to electrochemical performance. However, such a study has not been carried out with SPCEs. In this work, we perform a systematic characterization of SPCEs made with different carbon particle types including graphite particles, glassy carbon microparticles and carbon black. The relationship between carbon particle characteristics including particle size, particle purity, and particle morphology as well as particle mass loading on the fabrication and electrochemical properties of SPCEs is studied. SPCEs were plasma treated for surface activation and the electrochemical properties of both untreated and plasma treated SPCEs are also compared. SPCEs displayed distinct analytical utilities characterized through solvent window and double layer capacitance. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of several standard redox probes, FcTMA+, ferri/ferrocyanide, and pAP was used to establish the effects of carbon particle type and plasma treatment on electron transfer kinetics of SPCEs. CV of the biologically relevant molecules uric acid, NADH and dopamine was employed to further illustrate the differences in sensing and fouling characteristics of SPCEs fabricated with different carbon particle types. SEM imaging revealed significant differences in the SPCE surface microstructures. This systematic study demonstrates that the electrochemical properties of SPCEs can be tuned and significantly improved through careful selection of carbon particle type and plasma cleaning with a goal toward the development of better performing electrochemical point-of-need sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A Kava
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States.
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22
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Koç Y, Moralı U, Erol S, Avci H. Electrochemical Investigation of Gold Based Screen Printed Electrodes: An Application for a Seafood Toxin Detection. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yücel Koç
- Department of Chemical Engineering Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir Turkey
- AvciBio Research Group Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir Turkey
| | - Uğur Moralı
- Department of Chemical Engineering Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir Turkey
| | - Salim Erol
- Department of Chemical Engineering Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir Turkey
- College of Engineering and Technology American University of the Middle East Kuwait
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir Turkey
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Research Center (ESTEM) Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir Turkey
- AvciBio Research Group Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir Turkey
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23
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Montes C, Soriano ML, Villaseñor MJ, Ríos Á. Carbon-based nanodots as effective electrochemical sensing tools toward the simultaneous detection of bioactive compounds in complex matrices. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Nakthong P, Kondo T, Chailapakul O, Siangproh W. Development of an unmodified screen-printed graphene electrode for nonenzymatic histamine detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5407-5414. [PMID: 33125029 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01443e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The high requirement for food quality control has inspired the creation of high-performance sensing, cost-effectiveness, and ease to use. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop nonenzymatic electrochemical platforms for direct detection of histamine using unmodified screen-printed graphene electrodes (SPGEs) for their applications such as evaluation of fish freshness. In alkaline media (0.2 M NaOH), unmodified SPGEs showed a very low oxidation potential of histamine at +0.58 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) avoiding perturbations from other biogenic amines. The developed method offers an excellent selectivity, sensitivity (a limit of detection (at 3SD/slope) of 0.62 mg L-1) and wide working linear range (5-100 mg L-1) for histamine detection. In addition, the proposed method was successfully applied to detect histamine in canned fish samples with recovery values ranging from 90.72% to 101.21%. Therefore, this newly proposed method is promising as an alternative choice for the determination of histamine in fish samples and related food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prangthip Nakthong
- Electroanalytical and Imaging Sensor Research Group (EISRG), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
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25
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Pandhi T, Cornwell C, Fujimoto K, Barnes P, Cox J, Xiong H, Davis PH, Subbaraman H, Koehne JE, Estrada D. Fully inkjet-printed multilayered graphene-based flexible electrodes for repeatable electrochemical response. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38205-38219. [PMID: 35517530 PMCID: PMC9057201 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04786d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene has proven to be useful in biosensing applications. However, one of the main hurdles with printed graphene-based electrodes is achieving repeatable electrochemical performance from one printed electrode to another. We have developed a consistent fabrication process to control the sheet resistance of inkjet-printed graphene electrodes, thereby accomplishing repeatable electrochemical performance. Herein, we investigated the electrochemical properties of multilayered graphene (MLG) electrodes fully inkjet-printed (IJP) on flexible Kapton substrates. The electrodes were fabricated by inkjet printing three materials – (1) a conductive silver ink for electrical contact, (2) an insulating dielectric ink, and (3) MLG ink as the sensing material. The selected materials and fabrication methods provided great control over the ink rheology and material deposition, which enabled stable and repeatable electrochemical response: bending tests revealed the electrochemical behavior of these sensors remained consistent over 1000 bend cycles. Due to the abundance of structural defects (e.g., edge defects) present in the exfoliated graphene platelets, cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the graphene electrodes showed good electron transfer (k = 1.125 × 10−2 cm s−1) with a detection limit (0.01 mM) for the ferric/ferrocyanide redox couple, [Fe(CN)6]−3/−4, which is comparable or superior to modified graphene or graphene oxide-based sensors. Additionally, the potentiometric response of the electrodes displayed good sensitivity over the pH range of 4–10. Moreover, a fully IJP three-electrode device (MLG, platinum, and Ag/AgCl) also showed quasi-reversibility compared to a single IJP MLG electrode device. These findings demonstrate significant promise for scalable fabrication of a flexible, low cost, and fully-IJP wearable sensor system needed for space, military, and commercial biosensing applications. A fully inkjet printed and flexible multilayer graphene based three electrode device showed electrochemical reversibility.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Twinkle Pandhi
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725-2090 USA
| | - Casey Cornwell
- Department of Chemistry, Northwest Nazarene University Nampa ID 83686 USA
| | - Kiyo Fujimoto
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725-2090 USA
| | - Pete Barnes
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725-2090 USA
| | - Jasmine Cox
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725-2075 USA
| | - Hui Xiong
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725-2090 USA
| | - Paul H Davis
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725-2090 USA
| | - Harish Subbaraman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725-2075 USA
| | | | - David Estrada
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725-2090 USA .,Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State University Boise ID 83725-1012 USA
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A Review of Inkjet Printed Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes Based Gas Sensors. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195642. [PMID: 33023160 PMCID: PMC7583986 DOI: 10.3390/s20195642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT)-based gas/vapor sensors have gained much traction for numerous applications over the last decade due to their excellent sensing performance at ambient conditions. Inkjet printing various forms of graphene (reduced graphene oxide or modified graphene) and CNT (single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) or multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs)) nanomaterials allows fabrication onto flexible substrates which enable gas sensing applications in flexible electronics. This review focuses on their recent developments and provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in inkjet printing of graphene and CNT based sensors targeting gases, such as NO2, Cl2, CO2, NH3, and organic vapors. Moreover, this review presents the current enhancements and challenges of printing CNT and graphene-based gas/vapor sensors, the role of defects, and advanced printing techniques using these nanomaterials, while highlighting challenges in reliability and reproducibility. The future potential and outlook of this rapidly growing research are analyzed as well.
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Graphene-based electrochemical genosensor incorporated loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid on-site detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ko M, Mendecki L, Eagleton AM, Durbin CG, Stolz RM, Meng Z, Mirica KA. Employing Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks for Voltammetric Detection of Neurochemicals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11717-11733. [PMID: 32155057 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the first implementation of an array of two-dimensional (2D) layered conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as drop-casted film electrodes that facilitate voltammetric detection of redox active neurochemicals in a multianalyte solution. The device configuration comprises a glassy carbon electrode modified with a film of conductive MOF (M3HXTP2; M = Ni, Cu; and X = NH, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene (HITP) or O, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP)). The utility of 2D MOFs in voltammetric sensing is measured by the detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and serotonin (5-HT) in 0.1 M PBS (pH = 7.4). In particular, Ni3HHTP2 MOFs demonstrated nanomolar detection limits of 63 ± 11 nM for DA and 40 ± 17 nM for 5-HT through a wide concentration range (40 nM-200 μM). The applicability in biologically relevant detection was further demonstrated in simulated urine using Ni3HHTP2 MOFs for the detection of 5-HT with a nanomolar detection limit of 63 ± 11 nM for 5-HT through a wide concentration range (63 nM-200 μM) in the presence of a constant background of DA. The implementation of conductive MOFs in voltammetric detection holds promise for further development of highly modular, sensitive, selective, and stable electroanalytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Lukasz Mendecki
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Aileen M Eagleton
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Claudia G Durbin
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Robert M Stolz
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Zheng Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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Rowley-Neale SJ, Brownson DAC, Smith G, Banks CE. Graphene Oxide Bulk-Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes Provide Beneficial Electroanalytical Sensing Capabilities. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:bios10030027. [PMID: 32204548 PMCID: PMC7146522 DOI: 10.3390/bios10030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a facile methodology for the mass production of graphene oxide (GO) bulk-modified screen-printed electrodes (GO-SPEs) that are economical, highly reproducible and provide analytically useful outputs. Through fabricating GO-SPEs with varying percentage mass incorporations (2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) of GO, an electrocatalytic effect towards the chosen electroanalytical probes is observed, which increases with greater GO incorporated compared to bare/graphite SPEs. The optimum mass ratio of 10% GO to 90% carbon ink produces an electroanalytical signal towards dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) which is ca. ×10 greater in magnitude than that achievable at a bare/unmodified graphite SPE. Furthermore, 10% GO-SPEs exhibit a competitively low limit of detection (3σ) towards DA at ca. 81 nM, which is superior to that of a bare/unmodified graphite SPE at ca. 780 nM. The improved analytical response is attributed to the large number of oxygenated species inhabiting the edge and defect sites of the GO nanosheets, which are able to exhibit electrocatalytic responses towards inner-sphere electrochemical analytes. Our reported methodology is simple, scalable, and cost effective for the fabrication of GO-SPEs that display highly competitive LODs and are of significant interest for use in commercial and medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Rowley-Neale
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (S.J.R.-N.); (D.A.C.B.)
| | - Dale A. C. Brownson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (S.J.R.-N.); (D.A.C.B.)
| | - Graham Smith
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Chester, Thornton Science Park, Pool Lane, Ince, Chester CH2 4NU, UK;
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (S.J.R.-N.); (D.A.C.B.)
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A Graphene-Based Glycan Biosensor for Electrochemical Label-Free Detection of a Tumor-Associated Antibody. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19245409. [PMID: 31818011 PMCID: PMC6960651 DOI: 10.3390/s19245409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The study describes development of a glycan biosensor for detection of a tumor-associated antibody. The glycan biosensor is built on an electrochemically activated/oxidized graphene screen-printed electrode (GSPE). Oxygen functionalities were subsequently applied for covalent immobilization of human serum albumin (HSA) as a natural nanoscaffold for covalent immobilization of Thomsen-nouvelle (Tn) antigen (GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr) to be fully available for affinity interaction with its analyte-a tumor-associated antibody. The step by step building process of glycan biosensor development was comprehensively characterized using a battery of techniques (scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, secondary ion mass spectrometry, surface plasmon resonance, Raman and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Results suggest that electrochemical oxidation of graphene SPE preferentially oxidizes only the surface of graphene flakes within the graphene SPE. Optimization studies revealed the following optimal parameters: activation potential of +1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl, activation time of 60 s and concentration of HSA of 0.1 g L-1. Finally, the glycan biosensor was built up able to selectively and sensitively detect its analyte down to low aM concentration. The binding preference of the glycan biosensor was in an agreement with independent surface plasmon resonance analysis.
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Tite T, Chiticaru EA, Burns JS, Ioniţă M. Impact of nano-morphology, lattice defects and conductivity on the performance of graphene based electrochemical biosensors. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:101. [PMID: 31581949 PMCID: PMC6777027 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse properties of graphenic materials have been extensively explored to determine properties that make good electrochemical nanomaterial-based biosensors. These are reviewed by critically examining the influence of graphene nano-morphology, lattice defects and conductivity. Stability, reproducibility and fabrication are discussed together with sensitivity and selectivity. We provide an outlook on future directions for building efficient electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Tite
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Alina Chiticaru
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jorge S. Burns
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Ioniţă
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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Chiticaru EA, Pilan L, Damian CM, Vasile E, Burns JS, Ioniţă M. Influence of Graphene Oxide Concentration when Fabricating an Electrochemical Biosensor for DNA Detection. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E113. [PMID: 31561443 PMCID: PMC6955971 DOI: 10.3390/bios9040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the influence exerted by the concentration of graphene oxide (GO) dispersion as a modifier for screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) on the fabrication of an electrochemical biosensor to detect DNA hybridization. A new pretreatment protocol for SPCEs, involving two successive steps in order to achieve a reproducible deposition of GO, is also proposed. Aqueous GO dispersions of different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mg/mL) were first drop-cast on the SPCE substrates and then electrochemically reduced. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes were investigated after each modification step by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), while physicochemical characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, the sensing platform was obtained by the simple adsorption of the single-stranded DNA probe onto the electrochemically reduced GO (RGO)-modified SPCEs under optimized conditions. The hybridization was achieved by incubating the functionalized SPCEs with complementary DNA target and detected by measuring the change in the electrochemical response of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox reporter in CV and EIS measurements induced by the release of the newly formed double-stranded DNA from the electrode surface. Our results showed that a higher GO concentration generated a more sensitive response towards DNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Chiticaru
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luisa Pilan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7, Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Celina-Maria Damian
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugeniu Vasile
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jorge S Burns
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapies, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Mariana Ioniţă
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
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Label-free electrochemical analysis of purine nucleotides and nucleobases at disposable carbon electrodes in microliter volumes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Santiago S, Aller M, Campo FJ, Guirado G. Screen‐printable Electrochromic Polymer Inks and Ion Gel Electrolytes for the Design of Low‐power, Flexible Electrochromic Devices. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santiago
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona C/ Til⋅lers s/n 08193-Cerdanyola del Vallés Barcelona Spain
| | - Miguel Aller
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM-CSICCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona C/ Til.lers s/n 08193-Cerdanyola del Vallés Barcelona Spain
| | - F. Javier Campo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM-CSICCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona C/ Til.lers s/n 08193-Cerdanyola del Vallés Barcelona Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona C/ Til⋅lers s/n 08193-Cerdanyola del Vallés Barcelona Spain
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Point-of-care rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood using loop-mediated isothermal amplification and graphene-based screen-printed electrochemical sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 132:271-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Taniselass S, Arshad MM, Gopinath SC. Graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for monitoring noncommunicable disease biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 130:276-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Khadka R, Aydemir N, Carraher C, Hamiaux C, Baek P, Cheema J, Kralicek A, Travas‐Sejdic J. Investigating Electrochemical Stability and Reliability of Gold Electrode‐electrolyte Systems to Develop Bioelectronic Nose Using Insect Olfactory Receptor. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Khadka
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Nihan Aydemir
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Colm Carraher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Private Bag 92169 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Cyril Hamiaux
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Private Bag 92169 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Paul Baek
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Jamal Cheema
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Andrew Kralicek
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Private Bag 92169 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas‐Sejdic
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
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Noviana E, Klunder KJ, Channon RB, Henry CS. Thermoplastic Electrode Arrays in Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Devices. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2431-2438. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eka Noviana
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kevin J. Klunder
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Robert B. Channon
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Randviir EP, Kanou O, Liauw CM, Miller GJ, Andrews HG, Smith GC. The physicochemical investigation of hydrothermally reduced textile waste and application within carbon-based electrodes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11239-11252. [PMID: 35520266 PMCID: PMC9063389 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Textile waste is on the rise due to the expanding global population and the fast fashion market. Large volumes of textile waste are increasing the need for new methods for recycling mixed fabric materials. This paper employs a hydrothermal conversion route for a polyester/cotton mix in phosphoric acid to generate carbon materials (hydrochars) for electrochemical applications. A combination of characterization techniques revealed the reaction products were largely comprised of two major components. The first is a granular material with a surface C : O ratio of 2 : 1 interspersed with phosphorous and titanium proved using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the other is a crystalline material with a surface C : O ratio of 3 : 2 containing no phosphorous or titanium. The latter material was found via X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry to be terephthalic acid. Electrochemical experiments conducted using the hydrochar as a carbon paste electrode demonstrates an increase in current response compared to carbon reference materials. The improved current responses, intrinsically related to the surface area of the material, could be beneficial for electrochemical sensor applications, meaning that this route holds promise for the development of a cheap recycled carbon material, using straightforward methods and simple laboratory reagents. A novel method for chemically processing blended textiles is investigated, revealing a conductive carbon material as a major product.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P. Randviir
- School of Science and the Environment
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Omar Kanou
- School of Science and the Environment
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Christopher M. Liauw
- School of Healthcare Science
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Gary J. Miller
- Technical Services
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Hayley G. Andrews
- Technical Services
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Graham C. Smith
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Faculty of Science & Engineering
- University of Chester
- Chester CH2 4NU
- UK
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A high-performance, disposable screen-printed carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes/graphene for ultratrace level electrochemical sensors. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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A cross examination of electron transfer rate constants for carbon screen-printed electrodes using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Slate AJ, Brownson DAC, Abo Dena AS, Smith GC, Whitehead KA, Banks CE. Exploring the electrochemical performance of graphite and graphene paste electrodes composed of varying lateral flake sizes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20010-20022. [PMID: 30022207 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the fabrication, characterisation (SEM/EDX, TEM, XRD, XPS and Raman spectroscopy) and electrochemical properties of graphite and graphene paste electrodes with varying lateral flake sizes. The fabricated paste electrodes are electrochemically analysed using both outer-sphere and inner-sphere redox probes, namely; hexaammineruthenium(iii) chloride, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD), potassium ferrocyanide(ii) and ammonium ferrous(ii) sulphate. Upon comparison of different graphite paste electrodes, a clear correlation between the lateral flake sizes (La), ranging from 1.5 mm-0.5 μm, and electrochemical activity (heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) kinetics) is evident, where an improvement in the HET is observed at smaller lateral flake sizes. We infer that the beneficial response evident when employing laterally smaller flakes is due to an increased number of edge plane like-sites/defects available upon the electrode surface, facilitating electron transfer. Interestingly, given that the overall lateral flake sizes of the graphenes utilised (10.0-1.3 μm) were significantly smaller than those studied previously, an improvement in HET kinetics was also evident with the reduction of lateral flake size; the extent to which is redox-probe dependent. Improvements are observed up to a distinct point, termed the 'lateral size threshold' (ca. ≤2 μm) where the electrochemical reversible limit is approached. Further support is provided from density functional theory (DFT), exploring the electronic structure (i.e. HOMO-LUMO) as a function of flake size, which demonstrates that the coverage of edge plane like-sites/defects comprising the geometric structure of the relatively small graphene flakes is such that effectively the entire flake has become electrochemically active. In this study, the importance of lateral flake size with respect to electrochemical reactivity at carbon-based electrodes has been demonstrated alongside a structural relationship upon HET performance, a phenomenon that has not previously been described in the literature. Such work is both highly important and informative for the field of electrochemistry and electrode performance, with potential implications in a plethora of areas, ranging from novel renewable energy sources to electroanalytical sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Slate
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
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Blanco E, Foster CW, Cumba LR, do Carmo DR, Banks CE. Can solvent induced surface modifications applied to screen-printed platforms enhance their electroanalytical performance? Analyst 2018; 141:2783-90. [PMID: 27064115 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00440g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper the effect of solvent induced chemical surface enhancements upon graphitic screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) is explored. Previous literature has indicated that treating the working electrode of a SPE with the solvent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) offers improvements within the electroanalytical response, resulting in a 57-fold increment in the electrode surface area compared to their unmodified counterparts. The protocol involves two steps: (i) the SPE is placed into DMF for a selected time, and (ii) it is cured in an oven at a selected time and temperature. Beneficial electroanalytical outputs are reported to be due to the increased surface area attributed to the binder within the bulk surface of the SPEs dissolving out during the immersion step (step i). We revisit this exciting concept and explore these solvent induced chemical surface enhancements using edge- and basal-plane like SPEs and a new bespoke SPE, utilising the solvent DMF and explore, in detail, the parameters utilised in steps (i) and (ii). The electrochemical performance following steps (i) and (ii) is evaluated using the outer-sphere redox probe hexaammineruthenium(iii) chloride/0.1 M KCl, where it is found that the largest improvement is obtained using DMF with an immersion time of 10 minutes and a curing time of 30 minutes at 100 °C. Solvent induced chemical surface enhancement upon the electrochemical performance of SPEs is also benchmarked in terms of their electroanalytical sensing of NADH (dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form) and capsaicin both of which are compared to their unmodified SPE counterparts. In both cases, it is apparent that a marginal improvement in the electroanalytical sensitivity (i.e. gradient of calibration plots) of 1.08-fold and 1.38-fold are found respectively. Returning to the original exciting concept, interestingly it was found that when a poor experimental technique was employed, only then significant increases within the working electrode area are evident. In this case, the insulating layer that defines the working electrode surface, which was not protected from the solvent (step (i)) creates cracks within the insulating layer exposing the underlying carbon connections and thus increasing the electrode area by an unknown quantity. We infer that the origin of the response reported within the literature, where an extreme increase in the electrochemical surface area (57-fold) was reported, is unlikely to be solely due to the binder dissolving but rather poor experimental control over step (i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Blanco
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M15 GD, UK. and Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher W Foster
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M15 GD, UK.
| | - Loanda R Cumba
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Física e Química, Av. Brasil Centro, 56 - CEP 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Devaney R do Carmo
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Física e Química, Av. Brasil Centro, 56 - CEP 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M15 GD, UK.
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Cumba LR, Foster CW, Brownson DAC, Smith JP, Iniesta J, Thakur B, do Carmo DR, Banks CE. Can the mechanical activation (polishing) of screen-printed electrodes enhance their electroanalytical response? Analyst 2018; 141:2791-9. [PMID: 26883598 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00167j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical activation (polishing) of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) is explored and shown to exhibit an improved voltammetric response (in specific cases) when polished with either commonly available alumina slurry or diamond spray. Proof-of-concept is demonstrated for the electrochemical sensing of nitrite where an increase in the voltammetric current is found using both polishing protocols, exhibiting an improved limit of detection (3σ) and a two-fold increase in the electroanalytical sensitivity compared to the respective un-polished counterpart. It is found that mechanical activation/polishing increases the C/O ratio which significantly affects inner-sphere electrochemical probes only (whereas outer-sphere systems remain unaffected). Mechanical activation/polishing has the potential to be a simple pre-treatment technique that can be extended and routinely applied towards other analytes for an observable improvement in the electroanalytical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loanda R Cumba
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Física e Química. Av. Brasil Centro, 56 CEP 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil and Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Christopher W Foster
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Dale A C Brownson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Jamie P Smith
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Jesus Iniesta
- Physical Chemistry Department and Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Bhawana Thakur
- Chemistry Division, Modular Labs, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay 400085, India
| | - Devaney R do Carmo
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Física e Química. Av. Brasil Centro, 56 CEP 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
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Raveendran J, Stanley J, Satheesh Babu T. Voltammetric determination of bilirubin on disposable screen printed carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chaisiwamongkhol K, Batchelor‐McAuley C, Palgrave RG, Compton RG. Singlet Oxygen and the Origin of Oxygen Functionalities on the Surface of Carbon Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert G. Palgrave
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry, PTCL University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
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Chaisiwamongkhol K, Batchelor‐McAuley C, Palgrave RG, Compton RG. Singlet Oxygen and the Origin of Oxygen Functionalities on the Surface of Carbon Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6270-6273. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert G. Palgrave
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry, PTCL University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
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Pierini GD, Foster CW, Rowley-Neale SJ, Fernández H, Banks CE. A facile electrochemical intercalation and microwave assisted exfoliation methodology applied to screen-printed electrochemical-based sensing platforms to impart improved electroanalytical outputs. Analyst 2018; 143:3360-3365. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01982c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An Electrochemical Derived Intercalation process is explored as a modification for screen-printed electrodes to improve their electroanalytical outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón D. Pierini
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- 5800 Río Cuarto
| | - Christopher W. Foster
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | | | - Héctor Fernández
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- 5800 Río Cuarto
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
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Electrocatalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by activated graphite sheets in the presence of atmospheric oxygen molecules. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bonacin JA, Dos Santos PL, Katic V, Foster CW, Banks CE. Use of Screen-printed Electrodes Modified by Prussian Blue and Analogues in Sensing of Cysteine. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano A. Bonacin
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas; P. O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Pãmyla L. Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas; P. O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Vera Katic
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas; P. O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Christopher W. Foster
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Manchester Metropolitan University; Chester Street Manchester M15 GD UK
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Manchester Metropolitan University; Chester Street Manchester M15 GD UK
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