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Müller F, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Diphenyl‐ and dimesityl‐phosphanyl‐substituted 3,3,4,4,5,5‐hexafluorocyclopentenyl‐gold(I) dimers – syntheses and solid‐state structures. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Müller
- Bielefeld University: Universitat Bielefeld CHE GERMANY
| | - Beate Neumann
- Bielefeld University: Universitat Bielefeld CHE GERMANY
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Müller F, Wickemeyer L, Schwabedissen J, Ertl M, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Monkowius U, Mitzel NW. Synthesis, structural and photophysical properties of dimethylphosphino(perfluoro-)phenylene-based gold(I) dimers. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1955-1967. [PMID: 35023528 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03658k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Starting with 1,2-dibromobenzene and 1,2,3,4-tetrafluorobenzene, dimethyl(2-(trimethylstannyl)phenyl)phosphane, Me2P(o-C6H4)SnMe3, and dimethyl-[2,3,4,5-tetrafluoro-6-(trimethylstannyl)phenyl]phosphane, Me2P(o-C6F4)SnMe3, were synthesized and used in tin-gold exchange reactions to prepare two gold(I) dimers, bis[(2-dimethylphosphino)phenyl]di-gold(I), [Au2(μ-2-C6H4PMe2)2], and bis[(2-dimethylphosphino)-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl]di-gold(I), [Au2(μ-2-C6F4PMe2)2], respectively. Both tin precursor molecules, as well as the gold(I) complexes, were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, CHN analysis and X-ray diffraction experiments. Both gold(I) dimers were further investigated by the means of computational as well as photophysical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Müller
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Martin Ertl
- School of Education, Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- School of Education, Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Braunstein P, Danopoulos AA. Transition Metal Chain Complexes Supported by Soft Donor Assembling Ligands. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7346-7397. [PMID: 34080835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of discrete molecular chains constituted by metals in low oxidation states, displaying metal-metal proximity and stabilized by suitable metal-bridging, assembling ligands comprising at least one soft donor atom is comprehensively reviewed; complexes with a single (hard or soft) bridging atom (e.g., μ-halide, μ-sulfide, or μ-PR2 etc.) as well as "closed" metal arrays (that fall in the realm of cluster chemistry) are excluded. The focus is on transition metal-based systems, with few excursions to cases combining transition and post-transition elements. Most relevant supporting ligands have neutral C, P, O, or S donor (mainly, N-heterocyclic carbene, phosphine, ether, thioether) or anionic donor (mainly phenyl, ylide, silyl, phosphide, thiolate) groups. A supporting-ligand-based classification of the metal chains is introduced, using as the classifying parameter the number of "bites" (i.e., ligand bridges) subtending each intermetallic separation. The ligands are further grouped according to the number of donor atoms interacting with the metal chain (called denticity in the following) and the column of the Periodic Table to which the set of donor atoms belongs (in ascending order). A complementary metal-based compilation of the complexes discussed is also provided in a concise tabular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Braunstein
- CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Andreas A Danopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Seifert TP, Naina VR, Feuerstein TJ, Knöfel ND, Roesky PW. Molecular gold strings: aurophilicity, luminescence and structure-property correlations. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20065-20088. [PMID: 33001101 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the compound class of one-dimensional gold strings. These compounds feature a formally infinite repetition of gold complexes as monomers/repeating units that are held together by aurophilic interactions, i.e. direct gold-gold contacts. Their molecular structures are primarily determined in the solid state using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The chemical composition of the employed gold complexes is diverse and furthermore plays a key role in terms of structure characteristics and the resulting properties. One of the most common features of gold strings is their photoluminescence upon UV excitation. The emission energy is often dependent on the distance of adjacent gold ions and the electronic structure of the whole string. In terms of gold strings, these parameters can be fine-tuned by external stimuli such as solvent, pH value, pressure or mechanical stress. This leads to direct structure-property correlations, not only with regard to the photophysical properties, but also electric conductivity for potential application in nanoelectronics. Concerning these correlations, gold strings, consisting of self-assembled individual complexes as building blocks, are the ideal compound class to look at, as perturbations by an inhomogeneity in the ligand sphere (such as the end of a molecule) can be neglected. Therefore, the aim of this review is to shed light on the past achievements and current developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim P Seifert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Vanitha R Naina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Thomas J Feuerstein
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Nicolai D Knöfel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Kořenková M, Kremláček V, Erben M, Jirásko R, De Proft F, Turek J, Jambor R, RůŽička A, Císařová I, Dostál L. Heavier pnictinidene gold(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14503-14514. [PMID: 30283956 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N,C,N-Chelated pnictinidenes ArE [where E = As, Sb or Bi; Ar = 2,6-(tBuN[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)2C6H3] were used as ligands for the coordination of various gold(i) complexes. Thus, the reaction of ArE with [AuCl(Me2S)] gave complexes [AuCl(ArE)] [where E = As (1) or Sb (2)] that exhibited only limited stability in solution. By contrast, the reaction of ArBi with [AuCl(Me2S)] led to the immediate deposition of gold metal and the oxidation of the bismuth atom giving ArBiCl2. The treatment of a tetrameric gold alkynyl complex [Au(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)]4 with ArAs and ArSb gave ionic compounds [Au(ArAs)2]+[Au2(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)3]- [denoted as 3+[Au2(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)3]-] and [Au(ArSb)2]+[Au(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)2]- [denoted as 4+[Au(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)2]-], respectively. Finally, the reaction of ArE with the carbene gold(i) complex [Au(IPr)(MeCN)]+[BF4]- [where IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene, MeCN = acetonitrile] produced ionic complexes [Au(IPr)(ArE)]+[BF4]- [for cations: E = As (5+), Sb (6+) or Bi (7+)]. All complexes were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, high mass accuracy electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), IR and Raman spectroscopy and (except for 1) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the structure and bonding of both neutral and ionic complexes with different coordination patterns have also been investigated in detail using a Density Functional Theory (DFT) computational approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kořenková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ - 532, 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Li ZF, Yang XP, Li HX, Zuo GF. Phosphorescent Modulation of Metallophilic Clusters and Recognition of Solvents through a Flexible Host-Guest Assembly: A Theoretical Investigation. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8090685. [PMID: 30200542 PMCID: PMC6163230 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MP2 (Second order approximation of Møller–Plesset perturbation theory) and DFT/TD-DFT (Density functional theory/Time-dependent_density_functional_theory) investigations have been performed on metallophilic nanomaterials of host clusters [Au(NHC)2]+⋅⋅⋅[M(CN)2]−⋅⋅⋅[Au(NHC)2]+ (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene, M = Au, Ag) with high phosphorescence. The phosphorescence quantum yield order of clusters in the experiments was evidenced by their order of μS1/ΔES1−T1 values (μS1: S0 → S1 transition dipole, ∆ES1−T1: splitting energy between the lowest-lying singlet S1 and the triplet excited state T1 states). The systematic variation of the guest solvents (S1: CH3OH, S2: CH3CH2OH, S3: H2O) are employed not only to illuminate their effect on the metallophilic interaction and phosphorescence but also as the probes to investigate the recognized capacity of the hosts. The simulations revealed that the metallophilic interactions are mainly electrostatic and the guests can subtly modulate the geometries, especially metallophilic Au⋅⋅⋅M distances of the hosts through mutual hydrogen bond interactions. The phosphorescence spectra of hosts are predicted to be blue-shifted under polar solvent and the excitation from HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) to LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) was found to be responsible for the 3MLCT (triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer) characters in the hosts and host-guest complexes. The results of investigation can be introduced as the clues for the design of promising blue-emitting phosphorescent and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for New Molecule Design and Function of Gansu Universities, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Yang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, China.
| | - Hui-Xue Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for New Molecule Design and Function of Gansu Universities, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, China.
| | - Guo-Fang Zuo
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for New Molecule Design and Function of Gansu Universities, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, China.
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Bennett MA, Bhargava SK, Mirzadeh N, Privér SH. The use of [2-C 6 R 4 PPh 2 ] − (R = H, F) and related carbanions as building blocks in coordination chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Drumm DW, Bilic A, Tachibana Y, Miller A, Russo SP. Optical properties of a conjugated-polymer-sensitised solar cell: the effect of interfacial structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14489-94. [PMID: 25866851 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05290k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) have sparked considerable interest over two decades. Recently, a method of polymer-wire sensitisation was demonstrated; the polymer is suggested to form a hole transport pathway (wire) following initial charge separation. We predict the optical properties of this polymer in various interfacial configurations, including the effects of chain length and attachment to {100} or {101} TiO2 facets. Contrary to most DSSCs, the {100} facet model best describes the experimental spectrum, predicting a relative thickness of 5.7 ± 0.2 μm, although {101} attachment, if implemented, may improve collection efficiency. Long chains are optimal, and stable attachment sites show minimal differences to absorbance in the major solar emission (visible) band. Combinations of {100}, {101}, and pseudo-bulk TiO2 models in three-parameter fits to experiment confirm the relative importance of the {100} facet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Drumm
- Theoretical Chemical and Quantum Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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