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Morales-Guevara R, Fuentes JA, Paez-Hernández D, Carreño A. The role of substituted pyridine Schiff bases as ancillary ligands in the optical properties of a new series of fac-rhenium(i) tricarbonyl complexes: a theoretical view. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37181-37193. [PMID: 35496390 PMCID: PMC9043815 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, luminescent Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes have been increasingly proposed as fluorophores suitable for fluorescence microscopy to visualize biological structures and cells. In this sense, incorporating an asymmetrical pyridine Schiff base (PSB) as the ancillary ligand strongly modifies the staining and luminescent properties of Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes. In this work, we analyzed two series of Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes with their respective PSB ligands: (1) fac-[Re(CO)3(2,2'-bpy)(PSB)]1+ and (2) fac-[Re(CO)3(4,4'-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2'-bpy)(PSB)]1+, where the PSB exhibits substitutions at positions 4 or 6 in the phenolic ring with methyl or halogen substituents. Thus, we performed computational relativistic DFT and TDDFT studies to determine their optical properties. The ten complexes analyzed showed absorption in the visible light range. Furthermore, our analyses, including zero-field splitting (ZFS), allowed us to determine that the low-lying excited state locates below the 3LLCT states. Interestingly, seven of the ten analyzed complexes, whose corresponding PSB harbors an intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB), exhibited luminescent emission that could be suitable for biological purposes: large Stokes shift, emission in the range 600-700 nm and τ in the order of 10-2 to 10-3 s. Conversely, the three complexes lacking the IHB due to two halogen substituents in the corresponding PSB showed a predicted emission with the lowest triplet excited state energy entering the NIR region. The main differences in the complexes' photophysical behavior have been explained by the energy gap law and time-resolved luminescence. These results emphasize the importance of choosing suitable substituents at the 4 and 6 positions in the phenolic ring of the PSB, which determine the presence of the IHB since they modulate the luminescence properties of the Re(i) core. Therefore, this study could predict Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes' properties, considering the desired emission features for biological and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaly Morales-Guevara
- Universidad Andres Bello, Programa de Doctorado en Físicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Santiago Chile
- Laboratory of Organometallic Synthesis, Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 330 Santiago Chile
| | - Juan A Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello República 330 Santiago Chile
| | - Dayán Paez-Hernández
- Universidad Andres Bello, Programa de Doctorado en Físicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Santiago Chile
- Laboratory of Organometallic Synthesis, Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 330 Santiago Chile
| | - Alexander Carreño
- Universidad Andres Bello, Programa de Doctorado en Físicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Santiago Chile
- Laboratory of Organometallic Synthesis, Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 330 Santiago Chile
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2
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Gnanasekaran P, Yuan Y, Lee CS, Zhou X, Jen AKY, Chi Y. Realization of Highly Efficient Red Phosphorescence from Bis-Tridentate Iridium(III) Phosphors. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10944-10954. [PMID: 31365235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bis-tridentate Ir(III) metal complexes bring forth interesting photophysical properties, among which the orthogonal arranged, planar tridentate chelates could increase the emission efficiency due to the greater rigidity and, in the meantime, allow strong interligand stacking that could deteriorate the emission efficiency. We bypassed this hurdle by design of five bis-tridentate Ir(III) complexes (1-5), to which both of their monoanionic ancillary and dianionic chromophoric chelate were functionalized derivative of 2-pyrazolyl-6-phenylpyridine, i.e. pzpyphH2 parent chelate. Hence, addition of phenyl substituent to the pyrazolyl fragment of pzpyphH2 gave rise to the precursors of monoanionic chelate (A1H-A3H), on which the additional tert-butyl and/or methoxy groups were introduced at the selected positions for tuning their steric and electronic properties, while precursors of dianionic chelates was judiciously prepared with an isoquniolinyl central unit on pziqphH2 in giving the red-shifted emission (cf. L1H2 and L2H2). Factors affected their photophysical properties were discussed by theoretical methods based on DFT and TD-DFT calculation, confirming that the T1 excited state of all investigated Ir(III) complexes shows a mixed metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), intraligand charge transfer (ILCT), ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT), and ligand-centered (LC) transition character. In contrast, the poor quantum yield of 3 is due to the facilitation of the nonradiative decay in comparison to the radiative process. As for potential OLED applications, Ir(III) complex 2 gives superior performance with max. efficiencies of 28.17%, 41.25 cd·A-1 and 37.03 lm·W-1, CIEx,y = 0.63, 0.37 at 50 mA cm-2, and small efficiency roll-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Gnanasekaran
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR.,Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR.,Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Physics , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR
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3
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Over the LEC rainbow: Colour and stability tuning of cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes in light-emitting electrochemical cells. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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4
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Sarma M, Tsai WL, Lee WK, Chi Y, Wu CC, Liu SH, Chou PT, Wong KT. Anomalously Long-Lasting Blue PhOLED Featuring Phenyl-Pyrimidine Cyclometalated Iridium Emitter. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Ma D, Tsuboi T, Qiu Y, Duan L. Recent Progress in Ionic Iridium(III) Complexes for Organic Electronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603253. [PMID: 27869353 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionic iridium(III) complexes are emerging with great promise for organic electronic devices, owing to their unique features such as ease of molecular design and synthesis, excellent photophysical properties, superior redox stability, and highly efficient emissions of virtually all colors. Here, recent progress on new material design, regarding photo- and electroluminescence is highlighted, including several interesting topics such as: i) color-tuning strategies of cationic iridium(III) complexes, ii) widespread utilization in phosphorescent light-emitting devices fabricated by not only solution processes but also vacuum evaporation deposition, and iii) potential applications in data record, storage, and sercurity. Results on anionic iridium(III) complexes and "soft salts" are also discussed, indicating a new related subject. Finally, a brief outlook is suggested, pointing out that ionic iridium(III) complexes should play a more significant role in future organic electronic materials technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Ma
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Taiju Tsuboi
- Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Yong Qiu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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6
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Sarma M, Chatterjee T, Bodapati R, Krishnakanth KN, Hamad S, Venugopal Rao S, Das SK. Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Containing 4,4′-π-Conjugated 2,2′-Bipyridine Derivatives as the Ancillary Ligands: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Computational Studies. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3530-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monima Sarma
- School of Chemistry, ‡Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
(ACRHEM), and §School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Tanmay Chatterjee
- School of Chemistry, ‡Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
(ACRHEM), and §School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Ramakrishna Bodapati
- School of Chemistry, ‡Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
(ACRHEM), and §School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Katturi Naga Krishnakanth
- School of Chemistry, ‡Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
(ACRHEM), and §School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Syed Hamad
- School of Chemistry, ‡Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
(ACRHEM), and §School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - S. Venugopal Rao
- School of Chemistry, ‡Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
(ACRHEM), and §School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Samar K. Das
- School of Chemistry, ‡Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials
(ACRHEM), and §School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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Yoshinaga H, Asada T, Koseki S, Yagi S, Matsushita T. Spin–orbit coupling analyses of phosphorescence: the effects of cyclometalated ligand replacement in fac-Ir(ppy)3with various bpy ligands on blue phosphorescence. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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Ertl CD, Cerdá J, Junquera-Hernández JM, Pertegás A, Bolink HJ, Constable EC, Neuburger M, Ortí E, Housecroft CE. Colour tuning by the ring roundabout: [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]+ emitters with sulfonyl-substituted cyclometallating ligands. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07940c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of fluorine-free blue and green emitting iridium complexes containing sulfone-substituted cyclometallating and pyrazolyl-pyridine ancillary ligands has been synthesized and their properties investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin D. Ertl
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Jesús Cerdá
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980-Paterna
- Spain
| | | | - Antonio Pertegás
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980-Paterna
- Spain
| | - Henk J. Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980-Paterna
- Spain
| | | | - Markus Neuburger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980-Paterna
- Spain
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9
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Koseki S, Yoshinaga H, Asada T, Matsushita T. Spin–orbit coupling analyses of phosphorescent processes in Ir(Zppy)3 (Z = NH2, NO2 and CN). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate combinations of substituents provide brighter blue-color emission in OLEDs. The present MCSCF + SOCI + SOC calculations suggest that the best material for blue-color emission is fac-Ir(5-NO2ppy)3 or fac-Ir(5-NO2-4,6-dfppy)3, or practically fac-Ir(5-CN-3,4,6-tfppy)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Koseki
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Harunobu Yoshinaga
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Toshio Asada
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsushita
- The Research Institute for Molecular Electronic Devices (RIMED)
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai 599-8531
- Japan
- JNC Petrochemical Corporation
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10
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Gómez-Iglesias P, Arroyo M, Bajo S, Strohmann C, Miguel D, Villafañe F. Pyrazolylamidino Ligands from Coupling of Acetonitrile and Pyrazoles: A Systematic Study. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12437-48. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5018054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gómez-Iglesias
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Arroyo
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sonia Bajo
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse
6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fernando Villafañe
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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11
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Ren XY, Wu Y, Shan GG, Wang L, Geng Y, Su ZM. Unveiling photophysical properties of cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes with azadipyrromethene and dipyrromethene ancillary: a theoretical perspective. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07041k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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