1
|
Schmitz M, Bertrams MS, Sell AC, Glaser F, Kerzig C. Efficient Energy and Electron Transfer Photocatalysis with a Coulombic Dyad. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39227057 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis holds great promise for changing the way value-added molecules are currently prepared. However, many photocatalytic reactions suffer from quantum yields well below 10%, hampering the transition from lab-scale reactions to large-scale or even industrial applications. Molecular dyads can be designed such that the beneficial properties of inorganic and organic chromophores are combined, resulting in milder reaction conditions and improved reaction quantum yields of photocatalytic reactions. We have developed a novel approach for obtaining the advantages of molecular dyads without the time- and resource-consuming synthesis of these tailored photocatalysts. Simply by mixing a cationic ruthenium complex with an anionic pyrene derivative in water a salt bichromophore is produced owing to electrostatic interactions. The long-lived organic triplet state is obtained by static and quantitative energy transfer from the preorganized ruthenium complex. We exploited this so-called Coulombic dyad for energy transfer catalysis with similar reactivity and even higher photostability compared to a molecular dyad and reference photosensitizers in several photooxygenations. In addition, it was shown that this system can also be used to maximize the quantum yield of photoredox reactions. This is due to an intrinsically higher cage escape quantum yield after photoinduced electron transfer for purely organic compounds compared to heavy atom-containing molecules. The combination of laboratory-scale as well as mechanistic irradiation experiments with detailed spectroscopic investigations provided deep mechanistic insights into this easy-to-use photocatalyst class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria-Sophie Bertrams
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arne C Sell
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rico A, Le Poul P, Rodríguez-López J, Achelle S, Gauthier S. Exploring structural and optical properties of a new series of soft salts based on cyclometalated platinum complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11417-11425. [PMID: 38900145 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A series of nine new soft salts based on two platinum(II) complexes, namely ([Pt(C^N)(CN)2]-[Pt(C^N)(en)]+) (en = ethane-1,2-diamine), has been developed and synthesized. Their photophysical properties in both solution and the solid state were described. All soft salt complexes exhibit phosphorescence emission with PLQY in the solid state up to 0.36. Most of these materials displayed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) or aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) in water/DMSO solutions as the water ratio increased. Structure-property relationships were analyzed in relation to emission properties. The presence of the free nitrogen atoms in soft salt complexes with a C^N pyrimidine-based ligand allowed for reversible sensitivity to acidic vapors, resulting in the quenching of phosphorescence emission. Additionally, for selected soft salts, we described reversible vapochromism behaviour, making these new materials interesting for multi-detection purposes in anti-counterfeiting applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rico
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Pascal Le Poul
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Julián Rodríguez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Darmawan N, Sambri L, Daniliuc CG, De Cola L. Blue-emitting bolaamphiphilic zwitterionic iridium(iii) complex. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3664-3670. [PMID: 30768096 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation induced emission is a very interesting phenomenon that recently has attracted a lot of interest. Most of the examples deal with organic molecules or flat metal complexes. Here we demonstrate that, by design, even iridium compounds can display this process without shifting the emission energy. In order to enhance the aggregation properties we have focussed on amphiphilic complexes. We report the synthesis and photophysical characterisation of a blue-emitting bolaamphiphilic zwitterionic Ir(iii) complex and an analogous cationic amphiphilic compound, used as a reference. The bolaamphiphile exhibited blue (λmax = 450 nm) emission in dilute, deaerated solution with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 22%, similar to the related cationic amphiphilic complex. The bolaamphiphile displayed significant emission enhancement in the solid state, with an emission quantum yield that reach 52%. Interestingly, the emission of the cationic analogue suffers from aggregation quenching in the solid state, (PLQY = 3%) as is common for these type of complexes. A correlation between the photophysical data and the arrangement in the solid state is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noviyan Darmawan
- Institut de Science et Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS - UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg & CNRS., 8 Rue Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang HY, Jing LX, Wang HQ, Ye JT, Qiu YQ. Improving the NLO response of bis-cyclometalated iridium(Ⅲ) complexes by modifying ligands: A DFT study. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
5
|
|
6
|
Ma Y, Dong Y, Zou L, Shen L, Liu S, Liu S, Huang W, Zhao Q, Wong W. A Probe Based on a Soft Salt Complex for Ratiometric and Lifetime Imaging of Variations in Intracellular Oxygen Content. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 210023 Nanjing China
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yafang Dong
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Liang Shen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Suyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Wai‐Yeung Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology,
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Egidi F, Fusè M, Baiardi A, Bloino J, Li X, Barone V. Computational simulation of vibrationally resolved spectra for spin-forbidden transitions. Chirality 2018; 30:850-865. [PMID: 29727500 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this computational study, we illustrate a method for computing phosphorescence and circularly polarized phosphorescence spectra of molecular systems, which takes into account vibronic effects including both Franck-Condon and Herzberg-Teller contributions. The singlet and triplet states involved in the phosphorescent emission are described within the harmonic approximation, and the method fully takes mode-mixing effects into account when evaluating Franck-Condon integrals. Spin-orbit couplings, which are responsible for these otherwise forbidden phenomena, are accounted for by means of a relativistic two-component time-dependent density functional theory method. The model is applied to two types of chiral systems: camphorquinone, a rigid organic system that allows for an extensive benchmark, and some members of a class of iridium complexes. The merits and shortcomings of the methods are discussed, and some perspectives for future developments are offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julien Bloino
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Takizawa SY, Kano R, Ikuta N, Murata S. An anionic iridium(iii) complex as a visible-light absorbing photosensitizer. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11041-11046. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new anionic Ir(iii) photosensitizer bearing coumarin dyes has been developed and applied to the visible-light-driven hydrogen generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ya Takizawa
- Department of Basic Science
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 153-8902
- Japan
| | - Ryoto Kano
- Department of Basic Science
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 153-8902
- Japan
| | - Naoya Ikuta
- Department of Basic Science
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 153-8902
- Japan
| | - Shigeru Murata
- Department of Basic Science
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 153-8902
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma Y, Zhang S, Wei H, Dong Y, Shen L, Liu S, Zhao Q, Liu L, Wong WY. Enhanced singlet oxygen generation of a soft salt through efficient energy transfer between two ionic metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5582-5588. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel soft salt based photosensitizer was successfully developed for application in photodynamic therapy of cancer cells for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Huanjie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Yafang Dong
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Shen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rota Martir D, Escudero D, Jacquemin D, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Fruchtl HA, Warriner SL, Zysman‐Colman E. Homochiral Emissive Λ 8 - and Δ 8 -[Ir 8 Pd 4 ] 16+ Supramolecular Cages. Chemistry 2017; 23:14358-14366. [PMID: 28783869 PMCID: PMC5656816 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic self-assembly is a powerful technique for the bottom-up construction of discrete and well-defined polyhedral nanostructures resembling the spherical shape of large biological systems. In recent years, numerous Archimedean-shaped coordination cages have been reported based on the assembly of bent monodentate organic ligands containing two or more distal pyridyl rings and square-planar PdII ions. The formation of photoactive PdII metallamacrocycles and cages, however, remain rare. Here we report the first examples of emissive and homochiral supramolecular cages of the form [Ir8 Pd4 ]16+ . These cages provide a suitably sized cavity to host large guest molecules. Importantly, encapsulation and energy transfer have been observed between the blue-emitting NBu4 [Ir(dFppy)2 (CN)2 ] guest and the red-emitting Δ8 -[Ir8 Pd4 ]16+ cage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rota Martir
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews, FifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Daniel Escudero
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230Université de Nantes2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 9220844322Nantes Cedex 3France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230Université de Nantes2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 9220844322Nantes Cedex 3France
- Institut Universitaire de France1, rue Descartes75005Paris Cedex 5France
| | - David B. Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews, FifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews, FifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Herbert A. Fruchtl
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews, FifeKY16 9STUK
| | | | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews, FifeKY16 9STUK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo S, Huang T, Liu S, Zhang KY, Yang H, Han J, Zhao Q, Huang W. Luminescent ion pairs with tunable emission colors for light-emitting devices and electrochromic switches. Chem Sci 2017; 8:348-360. [PMID: 28451179 PMCID: PMC5365054 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02837c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most recently, stimuli-responsive luminescent materials have attracted increasing interest because they can exhibit tunable emissive properties which are sensitive to external physical stimuli, such as light, temperature, force, and electric field. Among these stimuli, electric field is an important external stimulus. However, examples of electrochromic luminescent materials that exhibit emission color change induced by an electric field are limited. Herein, we have proposed a new strategy to develop electrochromic luminescent materials based on luminescent ion pairs. Six tunable emissive ion pairs (IP1-IP6) based on iridium(iii) complexes have been designed and synthesized. The emission spectra of ion pairs (IPs) show concentration dependence and the energy transfer process is very efficient between positive and negative ions. Interestingly, IP6 displayed white emission at a certain concentration in solution or solid state. Thus, in this contribution, UV-chip (365 nm) excited light-emitting diodes showing orange, light yellow and white emission colors were successfully fabricated. Furthermore, IPs displayed tunable and reversible electrochromic luminescence. For example, upon applying a voltage of 3 V onto the electrodes, the emission color of the solution of IP1 near the anode or cathode changed from yellow to red or green, respectively. Color tunable electrochromic luminescence has also been realized by using other IPs. Finally, a solid-film electrochromic switch device with a sandwiched structure using IP1 has been fabricated successfully, which exhibited fast and reversible emission color change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Tianci Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Kenneth Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Huiran Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Jianmei Han
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China .
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu S, Xu A, Chen Z, Ma Y, Yang H, Shi Z, Zhao Q. Phosphorescent ion-paired iridium(III) complex for ratiometric and time-resolved luminescence imaging of intracellular biothiols. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:28247-28255. [PMID: 27958536 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.028247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel phosphorescent probe based on ion-paired iridium(III) complex has been designed and synthesized by incorporating α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety in the cationic component. The phosphorescent intensity of cationic component is sensitive to bithiols, such as cysteine and homocysteine, based on the addition reaction of bithiols with α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety, while that of the anionic component remains unchanged. Thus, this ion-paired iridium(III) complex can be used for ratiometric luminescence sensing and imaging of intracellular biothiols with excellent sensing performance. Moreover, the long phosphorescence lifetime of the cationic component is also sensitive to bithiols. Hence, this ion-paired iridium(III) complex has been further used for time-resolved luminescence imaging of intracellular biothiols. As far as we know, this is the first report about molecular probe for both ratiometric and time-resolved luminescence imaging of intracellular biothiols.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kerr E, Doeven EH, Barbante GJ, Hogan CF, Hayne DJ, Donnelly PS, Francis PS. New perspectives on the annihilation electrogenerated chemiluminescence of mixed metal complexes in solution. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5271-5279. [PMID: 30155177 PMCID: PMC6020550 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01570k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Preliminary explorations of the annihilation electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of mixed metal complexes have revealed opportunities to enhance emission intensities and control the relative intensities from multiple luminophores through the applied potentials. However, the mechanisms of these systems are only poorly understood. Herein, we present a comprehensive characterisation of the annihilation ECL of mixtures of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(ii) hexafluorophosphate ([Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2) and fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(iii) ([Ir(ppy)3]). This includes a detailed investigation of the change in emission intensity from each luminophore as a function of both the applied electrochemical potentials and the relative concentrations of the two complexes, and a direct comparison with two mixed (Ru/Ir) ECL systems for which emission from only the ruthenium-complex was previously reported. Concomitant emission from both luminophores was observed in all three systems, but only when: (1) the applied potentials were sufficient to generate the intermediates required to form the electronically excited state of both complexes; and (2) the concentration of the iridium complex (relative to the ruthenium complex) was sufficient to overcome quenching processes. Both enhancement and quenching of the ECL of the ruthenium complex was observed, depending on the experimental conditions. The observations were rationalised through several complementary mechanisms, including resonance energy transfer and various energetically favourable electron-transfer pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kerr
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Faculty of Science , Engineering and Built Environment , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia .
| | - Egan H Doeven
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Faculty of Science , Engineering and Built Environment , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia .
| | - Gregory J Barbante
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Faculty of Science , Engineering and Built Environment , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia .
| | - Conor F Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
| | - David J Hayne
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Melbourne 3010 , Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Melbourne 3010 , Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Faculty of Science , Engineering and Built Environment , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia .
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barthelmes K, Jäger M, Kübel J, Friebe C, Winter A, Wächtler M, Dietzek B, Schubert US. Efficient Energy Transfer and Metal Coupling in Cyanide-Bridged Heterodinuclear Complexes Based on (Bipyridine)(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) and (Phenylpyridine)iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5152-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Barthelmes
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Joachim Kübel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Friebe
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
DeCarlo S, Mayo DH, Tomlinson W, Hu J, Hooper J, Zavalij P, Bowen K, Schnöckel H, Eichhorn B. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Al((R)bpy)3 Complexes (R = t-Bu, Me): Homoleptic Main-Group Tris-bipyridyl Compounds. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4344-53. [PMID: 27064350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The neutral homoleptic tris-bpy aluminum complexes Al((R)bpy)3, where R = tBu (1) or Me (2), have been synthesized from reactions between AlX precursors (X = Cl, Br) and neutral (R)bpy ligands through an aluminum disproportion process. The crystalline compounds have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electrochemical experiments, EPR, magnetic susceptibility, and density functional theory (DFT) studies. The collective data show that 1 and 2 contain Al(3+) metal centers coordinated by three bipyridine (bpy(•))(1-) monoanion radicals. Electrochemical studies show that six redox states are accessible from the neutral complexes, three oxidative and three reductive, that involve oxidation or reduction of the coordinated bpy ligands to give neutral (R)bpy or (R)bpy(2-) dianions, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility measurements (4-300 K) coupled with DFT studies show strong antiferromagnetic coupling of the three unpaired electrons located on the (R)bpy ligands to give S = (1)/2 ground states with low lying S = (3)/2 excited states that are populated above 110 K (1) and 80 K (2) in the solid-state. Complex 2 shows weak 3D magnetic interactions at 19 K, which is not observed in 1 or the related [Al(bpy)3] complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha DeCarlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland-College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Dennis H Mayo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland-College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Research Department Naval Surface Warfare Center Indian Head EOD Tech Division, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Warren Tomlinson
- Department of Physics, Naval Postgraduate School , Monterey, California 93943, United States
| | - Junkai Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland-College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Joseph Hooper
- Department of Physics, Naval Postgraduate School , Monterey, California 93943, United States
| | - Peter Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland-College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kit Bowen
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hansgeorg Schnöckel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bryan Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland-College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma Y, Liang H, Zeng Y, Yang H, Ho CL, Xu W, Zhao Q, Huang W, Wong WY. Phosphorescent soft salt for ratiometric and lifetime imaging of intracellular pH variations. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3338-3346. [PMID: 29997827 PMCID: PMC6006953 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to traditional short-lived fluorescent probes, long-lived phosphorescent probes based on transition-metal complexes can effectively eliminate unwanted background interference by using time-resolved luminescence imaging techniques, such as photoluminescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Hence, phosphorescent probes have become one of the most attractive candidates for investigating biological events in living systems. However, most of them are based on single emission intensity changes, which might be affected by a variety of intracellular environmental factors. Ratiometric measurement allows simultaneous recording of two separated wavelengths instead of measuring mere intensity changes and thus offers built-in correction for environmental effects. Herein, for the first time, a soft salt based phosphorescent probe has been developed for ratiometric and lifetime imaging of intracellular pH variations in real time. Specifically, a pH sensitive cationic complex (C1) and a pH insensitive anionic complex (A1) are directly connected through electrostatic interaction to form a soft salt based probe (S1), which exhibits a ratiometric phosphorescent response to pH with two well-resolved emission peaks separated by about 150 nm (from 475 to 625 nm). This novel probe was then successfully applied for ratiometric and lifetime imaging of intracellular pH variations. Moreover, quantitative measurements of intracellular pH fluctuations caused by oxidative stress have been performed for S1 based on the pH-dependent calibration curve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , Department of Chemistry and Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis , Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +852 34117074
| | - Hua Liang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 85866396
| | - Yi Zeng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , Department of Chemistry and Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis , Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +852 34117074
| | - Huiran Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 85866396
| | - Cheuk-Lam Ho
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , Department of Chemistry and Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis , Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +852 34117074
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 85866396
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 85866396
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 85866396
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , Department of Chemistry and Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis , Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +852 34117074
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fiorini V, D'Ignazio A, Magee KDM, Ogden MI, Massi M, Stagni S. Fully Ir(iii) tetrazolate soft salts: the road to white-emitting ion pairs. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:3256-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04958j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The first examples of anionic Ir(iii) bis-tetrazolate complexes and their combination with a cationic Ir(iii)tetrazole derivative forming “fully tetrazolate” Ir(iii) based soft salts as O2-sensitive white emitters are described herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fiorini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”
- University of Bologna
- I-40136 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Andrea D'Ignazio
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”
- University of Bologna
- I-40136 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Karen D. M. Magee
- Nnochemistry Research Institute
- Department of Chemistry
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia 6845
| | - Mark I. Ogden
- Nnochemistry Research Institute
- Department of Chemistry
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia 6845
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Nnochemistry Research Institute
- Department of Chemistry
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia 6845
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”
- University of Bologna
- I-40136 Bologna
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fiorini V, Zacchini S, Raiteri P, Mazzoni R, Zanotti V, Massi M, Stagni S. Negatively charged Ir(iii) cyclometalated complexes containing a chelating bis-tetrazolato ligand: synthesis, photophysics and the study of reactivity with electrophiles. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12884-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02524b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, the reactivity toward electrophiles and use for Ir(iii) based soft salts of new anionic Ir(iii) complexes containing a bis-tetrazolato ligand are described herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fiorini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”
- University of Bologna
- I-40136 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”
- University of Bologna
- I-40136 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Paolo Raiteri
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
- Curtin Institute for Computation
| | - Rita Mazzoni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”
- University of Bologna
- I-40136 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Valerio Zanotti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”
- University of Bologna
- I-40136 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”
- University of Bologna
- I-40136 Bologna
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
A new method for the utilization of compounds of the type [Ru(bpy)2(CO)Cl]+ as a starting material for the synthesis of [Ru(N6)]2+ type compounds. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
20
|
Swanick KN, Sandroni M, Ding Z, Zysman-Colman E. Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence from a Stoichiometric Ruthenium(II)-Iridium(III) Complex Soft Salt. Chemistry 2015; 21:7435-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
21
|
Shavaleev NM, Nazeeruddin MK. Synthesis, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry of ionic hosts for organic electronics. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|