1
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Wang J, Buzolic JJ, Mullen JW, Fitzgerald PA, Aman ZM, Forsyth M, Li H, Silvester DS, Warr GG, Atkin R. Nanostructure of Locally Concentrated Ionic Liquids in the Bulk and at Graphite and Gold Electrodes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21567-21584. [PMID: 37883191 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) have led to intense research interest, but for many applications, high viscosity is problematic. Mixing the IL with a diluent that lowers viscosity offers a solution if the favorable IL physical properties are not compromised. Here we show that mixing an IL or IL electrolyte (ILE, an IL with dissolved metal ions) with a nonsolvating fluorous diluent produces a low viscosity mixture in which the local ion arrangements, and therefore key physical properties, are retained or enhanced. The locally concentrated ionic liquids (LCILs) examined are 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (HMIM TFSI), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (HMIM FAP), or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (BMIM FAP) mixed with 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether (TFTFE) at 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 (w/w) IL:TFTFE, as well as the locally concentrated ILEs (LCILEs) formed from 2:1 (w/w) HMIM TFSI-TFTFE with 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 m lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). Rheology and conductivity measurements reveal that the added TFTFE significantly reduces viscosity and increases ionic conductivity, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals minimal reductions in electrochemical windows on gold and carbon electrodes. This is explained by the small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (S/WAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) data, which show that the local ion nanostructures are largely retained in LCILs and LCILEs in bulk and at gold and graphite electrodes for all potentials investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Wang
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Joshua J Buzolic
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Jesse W Mullen
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - Paul A Fitzgerald
- Sydney Analytical, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Zachary M Aman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Hua Li
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Debbie S Silvester
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - Gregory G Warr
- School of Chemistry and Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
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2
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Elstone N, Shimizu K, Shaw EV, Lane PD, D’Andrea L, Demé B, Mahmoudi N, Rogers SE, Youngs S, Costen ML, McKendrick KG, Canongia Lopes JN, Bruce DW, Slattery JM. Understanding the Liquid Structure in Mixtures of Ionic Liquids with Semiperfluoroalkyl or Alkyl Chains. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7394-7407. [PMID: 37555779 PMCID: PMC10461228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
By mixing ionic liquids (ILs), it is possible to fine-tune their bulk and interfacial structure. This alters their physical properties and solvation behavior and is a simple way to prepare a collection of ILs whose properties can be tuned to optimize a specific application. In this study, mixtures of perfluorinated and alkylated ILs have been prepared, and links between composition, properties, and nanostructure have been investigated. These different classes of ILs vary substantially in the flexibility and polarizability of their chains. Thus, a range of useful structural and physical property variations are accessible through mixing that will expand the library of IL mixtures available in an area that to this point has received relatively little attention. In the experiments presented herein, the physical properties and bulk structure of mixtures of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C8MIM][Tf2N] and 1-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C8MIM-F13][Tf2N] have been prepared. The bulk liquid structure was investigated using a combination of small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS, respectively) experiments in combination with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and the measurement of density and viscosity. We observed that the addition of [C8MIM-F13][Tf2N] to [C8MIM][Tf2N] causes changes in the nanostructure of the IL mixtures that are dependent on composition so that variation in the characteristic short-range correlations is observed as a function of composition. Thus, while the length scales associated with the apolar regions (polar non-polar peak─PNPP) increase with the proportion of [C8MIM-F13][Tf2N] in the mixtures, perhaps surprisingly given the greater volume of the fluorocarbon chains, the length scale of the charge-ordering peak decreases. Interestingly, consideration of the contact peak shows that its origins are both in the direct anion···cation contact length scale and the nature (and hence volume) of the chains appended to the imidazolium cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi
S. Elstone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Karina Shimizu
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049 001, Portugal
| | - Emily V. Shaw
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Paul D. Lane
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot−Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Lucía D’Andrea
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Bruno Demé
- Institut
Laue−Langevin, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS
Neutron Source Facility, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Sarah E. Rogers
- ISIS
Neutron Source Facility, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Sarah Youngs
- ISIS
Neutron Source Facility, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Matthew L. Costen
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot−Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Kenneth G. McKendrick
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot−Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Jose N. Canongia Lopes
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049 001, Portugal
| | - Duncan W. Bruce
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - John M. Slattery
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
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3
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de Araujo Lima E Souza G, Di Pietro ME, Castiglione F, Marques Mezencio PH, Fazzio Martins Martinez P, Mariani A, Schütz HM, Passerini S, Middendorf M, Schönhoff M, Triolo A, Appetecchi GB, Mele A. Implications of Anion Structure on Physicochemical Properties of DBU-Based Protic Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7006-7014. [PMID: 36039977 PMCID: PMC9483912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Protic ionic liquids (PILs) are potential candidates
as electrolyte
components in energy storage devices. When replacing flammable and
volatile organic solvents, PILs are expected to improve the safety
and performance of electrochemical devices. Considering their technical
application, a challenging task is the understanding of the key factors
governing their intermolecular interactions and physicochemical properties.
The present work intends to investigate the effects of the structural
features on the properties of a promising PIL based on the 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
(DBUH+) cation and the (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide
(IM14–) anion, the latter being a remarkably large
anion with an uneven distribution of the C–F pool between the
two sides of the sulfonylimide moieties. For comparison purposes,
the experimental investigations were extended to PILs composed of
the same DBU-based cation and the trifluoromethanesulfonate
(TFO–) or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
(TFSI–) anion. The combined use of multiple NMR
methods, thermal analyses, density, viscosity, and conductivity measurements
provides a deep characterization of the PILs, unveiling peculiar behaviors
in DBUH-IM14, which cannot be predicted solely on the basis of differences
between aqueous pKa values of the protonated
base and the acid (ΔpKa). Interestingly,
the thermal and electrochemical properties of DBUH-IM14 turn out to
be markedly governed by the size and asymmetric nature of the anion.
This observation highlights that the structural features of the precursors
are an important tool to tailor the PIL’s properties according
to the specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle de Araujo Lima E Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Enrica Di Pietro
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Mariani
- Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Piazza Roma, 22, 60121 Ancona, Italy.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hanno Maria Schütz
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maleen Middendorf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alessandro Triolo
- Istituto Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Appetecchi
- ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Department for Sustainability (SSPT), Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mele
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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4
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Ferreira ML, Vieira NSM, Oliveira ALS, Araújo JMM, Pereiro AB. Disclosing the Potential of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids as Interferon-Alpha 2b Delivery Systems. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111851. [PMID: 35683707 PMCID: PMC9181987 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-alpha 2b (IFN-α 2b) is a therapeutic protein used for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, and auto-immune diseases. Its application is hindered by a low bioavailability and instability in the bloodstream, and the search for new strategies for a target delivery and stabilization of IFN-α 2b to improve its therapeutic efficacy is crucial. Fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) are promising biomaterials that: (i) can form self-assembled structures; (ii) have complete miscibility in water; and (iii) can be designed to have reduced toxicity. The influence of IFN-α 2b in the aggregation behaviour of FILs and the interactions between them were investigated through conductivity and surface tension measurements, and using electron microscopic and spectroscopy techniques to study FILs feasibility as an interferon-alpha 2b delivery system. The results show that the presence of IFN-α 2b influences the aggregation behaviour of FILs and that strong interaction between the two compounds occurs. The protein might not be fully encapsulated by FILs. However, the FIL can be tailored in the future to carry IFN-α 2b by the formation of a conjugate, which prevents the aggregation of this protein. This work constitutes a first step toward the design and development of FIL-based IFN-α 2b delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - João M. M. Araújo
- Correspondence: (J.M.M.A.); (A.B.P.); Tel.: +351-21-294-8300 (J.M.M.A. & A.B.P.)
| | - Ana B. Pereiro
- Correspondence: (J.M.M.A.); (A.B.P.); Tel.: +351-21-294-8300 (J.M.M.A. & A.B.P.)
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5
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Purcell SM, Lane PD, D'Andrea L, Elstone NS, Bruce DW, Slattery JM, Smoll EJ, Greaves SJ, Costen ML, Minton TK, McKendrick KG. Surface Structure of Alkyl/Fluoroalkylimidazolium Ionic-Liquid Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1962-1979. [PMID: 35225614 PMCID: PMC9007465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The gas-liquid interface of ionic liquids (ILs) is critically important in many applications, for example, in supported IL phase (SILP) catalysis. Methods to investigate the interfacial structure in these systems will allow their performance to be improved in a rational way. In this study, reactive-atom scattering (RAS), surface tension measurements, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the vacuum interface of mixtures of partially fluorinated and normal alkyl ILs. The underlying aim was to understand whether fluorinated IL ions could be used as additives to modify the surface structure of one of the most widely used families of alkyl ILs. The series of ILs 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Cnmim][Tf2N]) with n = 4-12 were mixed with a fixed-length, semiperfluorinated analogue (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C8mimF13][Tf2N]), forming [Cnmim](1-x)[C8mimF13]x[Tf2N] mixtures, where x is the bulk mole fraction of the fluorinated component. The RAS-LIF method combined O-atom projectiles with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection of the product OH as a measure of surface exposure of the alkyl chains. For [C8mim](1-x)[C8mimF13]x[Tf2N] mixtures, RAS-LIF OH yields are below those expected from stoichiometry. There are quantitatively consistent negative deviations from linearity of the surface tension. Both results imply that the lower-surface-tension fluoroalkyl material dominates the surface. A similar deficit is found for alkyl chain lengths n = 4, 6, 8, and 12 and for all (nonzero) x investigated by RAS-LIF. Accessible-surface-area (ASA) analyses of the MD simulations for [Cnmim](1-x)[C8mimF13]x[Tf2N] mixtures qualitatively reproduce the same primary effect of fluoro-chain predominance of the surface over most of the range of n. However, there are significant quantitative discrepancies between MD ASA predictions and experiment relating to the strength of any n-dependence of the relative alkyl coverage at fixed x, and on the x-dependence at fixed n. These discrepancies are discussed in the context of detailed examinations of the surface structures predicted in the MD simulations. Potential explanations, beyond experimental artifacts, include inadequacies in the classical force fields used in the MD simulations or the inability of simple ASA algorithms to capture dynamical factors that influence RAS-LIF yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Purcell
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Paul D Lane
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Lucía D'Andrea
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Naomi S Elstone
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Duncan W Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - John M Slattery
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Eric J Smoll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Stuart J Greaves
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Matthew L Costen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Timothy K Minton
- Ann and H.J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Kenneth G McKendrick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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6
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Fawdon J, Rees GJ, La Mantia F, Pasta M. Insights into the Transport and Thermodynamic Properties of a Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide-Based Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Battery Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1734-1741. [PMID: 35170966 PMCID: PMC9084600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid electrolytes (ILEs) have become popular in various advanced Li-ion battery chemistries because of their high electrochemical and thermal stability and low volatility. However, because of their relatively high viscosity and poor Li+ diffusion, it is thought large concentration gradients form, reducing their rate capability. Herein, we utilize operando Raman microspectroscopy to visualize ILE concentration gradients for the first time. Specifically, using lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium FSI, its "apparent" diffusion coefficient, lithium transference number, thermodynamic factor, ionic conductivity, and resistance of charge transfer against lithium metal were isolated. Furthermore, the analysis of these concentration gradients led to insights into the bulk structure of ILEs, which we propose are composed of large, ordered aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Fawdon
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | - Gregory J. Rees
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Fabio La Mantia
- Universtät
Bremen, Energiespeicher-und
Energiewandlersysteme, Bibliotechkstraße 1, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Mauro Pasta
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
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7
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Triolo A, Paolone A, Sarra A, Trequattrini F, Palumbo O, BattistaAppetecchi G, Lo Celso F, Chater P, Russina O. Structure and vibrational features of the protic ionic liquid 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene-8-ium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide, [DBUH][TFSI]. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Triolo A, Di Lisio V, Lo Celso F, Appetecchi GB, Fazio B, Chater P, Martinelli A, Sciubba F, Russina O. Liquid Structure of a Water-in-Salt Electrolyte with a Remarkably Asymmetric Anion. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12500-12517. [PMID: 34738812 PMCID: PMC9282637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Water-in-salt
systems, i.e., super-concentrated aqueous electrolytes,
such as lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (21 mol/kgwater), have been recently discovered to exhibit unexpectedly
large electrochemical windows and high lithium transference numbers,
thus paving the way to safe and sustainable charge storage devices.
The peculiar transport features in these electrolytes are influenced
by their intrinsically nanoseparated morphology, stemming from the
anion hydrophobic nature and manifesting as nanosegregation between
anions and water domains. The underlying mechanism behind this structure–dynamics
correlation is, however, still a matter of strong debate. Here, we
enhance the apolar nature of the anions, exploring the properties
of the aqueous electrolytes of lithium salts with a strongly asymmetric
anion, namely, (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)(nonafluorobutylsulfonyl)
imide. Using a synergy of experimental and computational tools, we
detect a remarkable level of structural heterogeneity at a mesoscopic
level between anion-rich and water-rich domains. Such a ubiquitous
sponge-like, bicontinuous morphology develops across the whole concentration
range, evolving from large fluorinated globules at high dilution to
a percolating fluorous matrix intercalated by water nanowires at super-concentrated
regimes. Even at extremely concentrated conditions, a large population
of fully hydrated lithium ions, with no anion coordination, is detected.
One can then derive that the concomitant coexistence of (i) a mesoscopically
segregated structure and (ii) fully hydrated lithium clusters disentangled
from anion coordination enables the peculiar lithium diffusion features
that characterize water-in-salt systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Triolo
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Lisio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Rome 00133, Italy.,Department of Physics and Chemistry, Università di Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Fazio
- Istituto Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Messina 98158, Italy
| | - Philip Chater
- Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.,NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Olga Russina
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Rome 00133, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy
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9
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Fei Y, Chen Z, Zhang J, Yu M, Kong J, Wu Z, Cao J, Zhang J. Thiazolium-based ionic liquids: Synthesis, characterization and physicochemical properties. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Zhu H, O'Dell LA. Nuclear magnetic resonance characterisation of ionic liquids and organic ionic plastic crystals: common approaches and recent advances. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5609-5625. [PMID: 34048516 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids, and their solid-state equivalents organic ionic plastic crystals, show many useful and tailorable properties that make them interesting for a wide range of applications including as electrolytes for energy storage devices. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and related techniques offer a powerful and versatile toolkit for the characterisation of structure, interactions and dynamics in these materials. This article summarises both commonly used methods and some recent advances in this area, including solution- and solid-state methods, dynamic nuclear polarisation, imaging, diffusion and relaxation measurements, and example applications of some less commonly studied nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijin Zhu
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Luke A O'Dell
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3220, Australia.
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11
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Koverga V, Maity N, Miannay FA, Kalugin ON, Juhasz A, Świątek A, Polok K, Takamuku T, Jedlovszky P, Idrissi A. Voronoi Polyhedra as a Tool for the Characterization of Inhomogeneous Distribution in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Cation-Based Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10419-10434. [PMID: 33151074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The inhomogeneity distribution in four imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) containing the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (C4mim) cation, coupled with tetrafluoroborate (BF4), hexafluorophosphate (PF6), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (TFSA), and trifluoromethanesulfonate (TfO) anions, was characterized using Voronoi polyhedra. For this purpose, molecular dynamic simulations have been performed on the isothermal-isobaric (NpT) ensemble. We checked the ability of the potential models to reproduce the experimental density, heat of vaporization, and transport properties (diffusion and viscosity) of these ionic liquids. The inhomogeneity distribution of ions around the ring, methyl, and butyl chain terminal hydrogen atoms of the C4mim cation was investigated by means of Voronoi polyhedra analysis. For this purpose, the position of the C4mim cation was described successively by the ring, methyl, and butyl chain terminal hydrogen atoms, while that of the anions was described by their F or O atom. We calculated the Voronoi polyhedra distributions of the volume, the density, and the asphericity parameters as well as that of the radius of the spherical intermolecular voids. We carried out the analysis in two steps. In the first step, both ions were taken into account. The calculated distributions gave information on the neighboring ions around a reference one. In the second step, to distinguish between like and oppositely charged ions and then to get information on the inhomogeneity distribution of the like ions, we repeated the same calculations on the same sample configurations and removed one of the ions and considered only the other one. Detailed analysis of these distributions has revealed that the ring hydrogen atoms are mainly solvated by the anions, while the methyl and butyl terminal H atoms are surrounded by like atoms. The extent of this inhomogeneity was assessed by calculating the cluster size distribution that shows that the dimers are the most abundant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Koverga
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS A8516, Université de Lille, Science et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.,Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Technopôle Helioparc, 2, Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 9, Nouvelle Aquitaine, France
| | - Nishith Maity
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS A8516, Université de Lille, Science et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - François Alexandre Miannay
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS A8516, Université de Lille, Science et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Oleg N Kalugin
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svoboda Square 4, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
| | - Akos Juhasz
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest 1089, Hungary
| | - Adam Świątek
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy and Intermolecular Interactions, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Polok
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy and Intermolecular Interactions, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Toshiyuki Takamuku
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly University, Leányka utca 6, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
| | - Abdenacer Idrissi
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS A8516, Université de Lille, Science et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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12
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Bakulina OD, Ivanov MY, Prikhod'ko SA, Pylaeva S, Zaytseva IV, Surovtsev NV, Adonin NY, Fedin MV. Nanocage formation and structural anomalies in imidazolium ionic liquid glasses governed by alkyl chains of cations. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19982-19991. [PMID: 32996529 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intriguing nanostructuring anomalies have been recently observed in imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) near their glass transition points, where local density around a nanocaged solute progressively grows up with temperature. Herewith, we for the first time demonstrate experimentally and theoretically, that these anomalies are governed by alkyl chains of cations and crucially depend on their length. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy on a series of ILs [Cnmim]BF4 (n = 0-12) shows that only the chains with n = 3-10 favor anomaly. Moreover, remarkable even vs. odd n peculiarities were systematically observed. Finally, similar anomaly was for the first time observed for a non-IL glass of dibutyl phthalate, which structurally mimics cations of imidazolium ILs. Therefore, such anomalous density behavior in a glassy state nanocage goes far beyond ILs and proves to be a more general phenomenon, which can be structurally tuned and rationally adjusted for various potential applications in nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga D Bakulina
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3a, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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13
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Mann SK, Devgan MK, Franks WT, Huband S, Chan CL, Griffith J, Pugh D, Brooks NJ, Welton T, Pham TN, McQueen LL, Lewandowski JR, Brown SP. MAS NMR Investigation of Molecular Order in an Ionic Liquid Crystal. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4975-4988. [PMID: 32412761 PMCID: PMC7341529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure and molecular order in the thermotropic ionic liquid crystal (ILC), [choline][geranate(H)octanoate], an analogue of Choline And GEranate (CAGE), which has potential for use as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and transdermal and oral delivery agent, were investigated by magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), polarizing optical microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry and the 1H NMR chemical shift reveal that CAGE-oct is a dynamic system, with metathesis (the exchange of interacting ions) and hydrogen exchange occurring between hydrogen-bonded/ionic complexes such as [(choline)(geranate)(H)(octanoate)], [(choline)(octanoate)2(H)], and [(choline)(geranate)2(H)]. These clusters, which are shown by mass spectrometry to be significantly more stable than expected for typical electrostatic ion clusters, involve hydrogen bonding between the carboxylic acid, carboxylate, and hydroxyl groups, with rapid hydrogen bond breaking and re-formation observed to average the 1H chemical shifts. The formation of a partial bilayer liquid crystal (LC) phase was identified by SAXS and polarizing optical microscopy at temperatures below ∼293 K. The occurrence of this transition close to room temperature could be utilized as a potential temperature-induced "switch" of the anisotropic properties for particular applications. The presence of an isotropic component of approximately 23% was observed to coexist with the LC phase, as detected by polarizing optical microscopy and quantified by both 1H-13C dipolar-chemical shift correlation (DIPSHIFT) and 1H double-quantum (DQ) MAS NMR experiments. At temperatures above the LC-to-isotropic transition, intermediate-range order (clustering of polar and nonpolar domains), a feature of many ILs, persists. Site-specific order parameters for the LC phase of CAGE-oct were obtained from the MAS NMR measurement of the partially averaged 13C-1H dipolar couplings (DCH) by cross-polarization (CP) build-up curves and DIPSHIFT experiments, and 1H-1H dipolar couplings (DHH) by double-quantum (DQ) build-up curves. The corresponding order parameters, SCH and SHH, are in the range 0-0.2 and are lower compared to those for smectic (i.e., layered) phases of conventional nonionic liquid crystals, resembling those of lamellar phases formed by lyotropic surfactant-solvent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Mann
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Mohit K Devgan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - W Trent Franks
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Steven Huband
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Chi Long Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Jeraime Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - David Pugh
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Nicholas J Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Tran N Pham
- GSK R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Lisa L McQueen
- GSK R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | | | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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Prikhod’ko SA, Shabalin AY, Shmakov MM, Bardin VV, Adonin NY. Ionic liquids with fluorine-containing anions as a new class of functional materials: features of the synthesis, physicochemical properties, and use. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Triolo A, Lo Celso F, Ottaviani C, Ji P, Appetecchi GB, Leonelli F, Keeble DS, Russina O. Structural features of selected protic ionic liquids based on a super-strong base. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25369-25378. [PMID: 31709430 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protic ionic liquids (PIL) were prepared from a super-strong base 1,7-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and super-strong acids, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (TfOH), and (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-(nonafluorobutylsulfonyl)imide, (IM14H), ([DBUH][TfO] and [DBUH][IM14], respectively; the latter for the first time) and their chemical and physical properties and structural features have been explored using a synergy of experimental and computational tools. The short range order in neat DBU, as well as the long range structural correlations induced by charge correlation and hydrogen bonding interactions in the ionic liquids, have been explored under ambient conditions, where these compounds are proposed for a variety of applications. Similar to other [DBUH]-based PILs, the probed ones behave as good ionic liquids. Molecular dynamics-rationalised X-ray diffraction patterns show the major role played by hydrogen bonding in affecting morphology in these systems. Additionally, we find further evidence for the existence of fluorous domains in [DBUH][IM14], thus potentially extending the range of applications for these PILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Triolo
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Ottaviani
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy.
| | - Pengju Ji
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Dean S Keeble
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Olga Russina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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16
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Systematic study of the influence of the molecular structure of fluorinated ionic liquids on the solubilization of atmospheric gases using a soft-SAFT based approach. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Mesoscopic structural organization in fluorinated pyrrolidinium-based room temperature ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Zhao M, Wu B, Lall-Ramnarine SI, Ramdihal JD, Papacostas KA, Fernandez ED, Sumner RA, Margulis CJ, Wishart JF, Castner EW. Structural analysis of ionic liquids with symmetric and asymmetric fluorinated anions. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:074504. [PMID: 31438705 DOI: 10.1063/1.5111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) with relatively low viscosities and broad windows of electrochemical stability are often constructed by pairing asymmetric cations with bisfluorosulfonylimide (FSI-) or bistriflimide (NTf2 -) anions. In this work, we systematically studied the structures of ILs with these anions and related perfluorobis-sulfonylimide anions with asymmetry and/or longer chains: (fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BSI0,1 -), bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide (BETI-), and (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) (nonafluorobutylsulfonyl)imide (BSI1,4 -) using high energy X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulation methods. 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations with shorter (ethyl, Im2,1 +) and longer (octyl, Im1,8 +) hydrocarbon chains were selected to examine how the sizes of nonpolar hydrocarbon and fluorous chains affect IL structures and properties. In comparison with these, we also computationally explored the structure of ionic liquids with anions having longer fluorinated tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Boning Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Sharon I Lall-Ramnarine
- Chemistry Department, Queensborough Community College of the City University of New York, Bayside, New York 11364, USA
| | - Jasodra D Ramdihal
- Chemistry Department, Queensborough Community College of the City University of New York, Bayside, New York 11364, USA
| | - Kristina A Papacostas
- Chemistry Department, Queensborough Community College of the City University of New York, Bayside, New York 11364, USA
| | - Eddie D Fernandez
- Chemistry Department, Queensborough Community College of the City University of New York, Bayside, New York 11364, USA
| | - Rawlric A Sumner
- Chemistry Department, Queensborough Community College of the City University of New York, Bayside, New York 11364, USA
| | - Claudio J Margulis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - James F Wishart
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Edward W Castner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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19
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Abstract
Ionic liquids have become of significant relevance in chemistry, as they can serve as environmentally-friendly solvents, electrolytes, and lubricants with bespoke properties. In particular for electrochemical applications, an understanding of the interface structure between the ionic liquid and an electrified interface is needed to model and optimize the reactions taking place on the solid surface. As with ionic liquids, the interplay between electrostatic forces and steric effects leads to an intrinsic heterogeneity, as the structure of the ionic liquid above an electrified interface cannot be described by the classical electrical double layer model. Instead, a layered solvation layer is present with a structure that depends on the material combination of the ionic liquid and substrate. In order to experimentally monitor this structure, atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) has become the method of choice. By measuring the force acting on a sharp microfabricated tip while approaching the surface in an ionic liquid, it has become possible to map the solvation layers with sub-nanometer resolution. In this review, we provide an overview of the AFS studies on ionic liquids published in recent years that illustrate how the interface is formed and how it can be modified by applying electrical potential or by adding impurities and solvents.
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20
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Lo Celso F, Appetecchi GB, Simonetti E, Zhao M, Castner EW, Keiderling U, Gontrani L, Triolo A, Russina O. Microscopic Structural and Dynamic Features in Triphilic Room Temperature Ionic Liquids. Front Chem 2019; 7:285. [PMID: 31119123 PMCID: PMC6507529 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report a thorough investigation of the microscopic and mesoscopic structural organization in a series of triphilic fluorinated room temperature ionic liquids, namely [1-alkyl,3-methylimidazolium][(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)(nonafluorobutylsulfonyl)imide], with alkyl = ethyl, butyl, octyl ([Cnmim][IM14], n = 2, 4, 8), based on the synergic exploitation of X-ray and Neutron Scattering and Molecular Dynamics simulations. This study reveals the strong complementarity between X-ray/neutron scattering in detecting the complex segregated morphology in these systems at mesoscopic spatial scales. The use of MD simulations delivering a very good agreement with experimental data allows us to gain a robust understanding of the segregated morphology. The structural scenario is completed with determination of dynamic properties accessing the diffusive behavior and a relaxation map is provided for [C2mim][IM14] and [C8mim][IM14], highlighting their natures as fragile glass formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Man Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Edward W Castner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Uwe Keiderling
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Gontrani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Triolo
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Russina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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21
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Ferreira ML, Araújo JMM, Pereiro AB, Vega LF. Insights into the influence of the molecular structures of fluorinated ionic liquids on their thermophysical properties. A soft-SAFT based approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6362-6380. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07522k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of predictive models for FILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida L. Ferreira
- LAQV
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
| | - João M. M. Araújo
- LAQV
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
| | - Ana B. Pereiro
- LAQV
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
| | - Lourdes F. Vega
- Gas Research Center
- Catalysis and Separation Center (CeCas) and Chemical Engineering Department
- Khalifa University
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
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22
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Lepre LF, Pison L, Otero I, Gautier A, Dévemy J, Husson P, Pádua AAH, Costa Gomes M. Using hydrogenated and perfluorinated gases to probe the interactions and structure of fluorinated ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8865-8873. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00593e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids with perfluorinated instead of hydrogenated alkyl chains dissolve larger quantities of perfluorocarbon gases that are solvated in their apolar domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laure Pison
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF Université Clermont-Auvergne
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Ines Otero
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF Université Clermont-Auvergne
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF Université Clermont-Auvergne
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Julien Dévemy
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF Université Clermont-Auvergne
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Pascale Husson
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF Université Clermont-Auvergne
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
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23
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Lo Celso F, Yoshida Y, Lombardo R, Jafta C, Gontrani L, Triolo A, Russina O. Mesoscopic structural organization in fluorinated room temperature ionic liquids. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Lo Celso F, Appetecchi GB, Jafta CJ, Gontrani L, Canongia Lopes JN, Triolo A, Russina O. Nanoscale organization in the fluorinated room temperature ionic liquid: Tetraethyl ammonium (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)(nonafluorobutylsulfonyl)imide. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:193816. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5016236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Lo Celso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ISM-CNR) Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - C. J. Jafta
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Gontrani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - J. N. Canongia Lopes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A. Triolo
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ISM-CNR) Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - O. Russina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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25
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Panja SK, Srivastava N, Srivastava J, Prasad NE, Noothalapati H, Shigeto S, Saha S. Evidence of C--F-P and aromatic π--F-P weak interactions in imidazolium ionic liquids and its consequences. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 194:117-125. [PMID: 29331812 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple change from alkyl group to alkene in side chain of imidazolium cation with same anion resulted in a drastic impact on physical properties (e.g., melting point) from bmimPF6 IL to cmimPF6 IL. The underlying reasons have been elucidated by structural and interaction studies with the help of DSC, SCXRD, vibrational and multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopic techniques. Experiments reveal existence of new weak interactions involving the carbon and π cloud of the imidazolium aromatic ring with fluoride of PF6 anion (i.e., C2--F-P and π--F-P) in cmimPF6 but are absent in structurally similar prototype IL, bmimPF6. Though weak, these interactions helped to form ladder type supramolecular arrangement, resulting in quite high melting point for cmimPF6 IL compared to bmimPF6 IL. These findings emphasize that an IL system can behave uniquely because of the existence of uncommon weak interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Srivastava
- Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment (DMSRDE), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Namburi Eswara Prasad
- Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment (DMSRDE), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hemanth Noothalapati
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Shinsuke Shigeto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Satyen Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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26
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Lo Celso F, Yoshida Y, Castiglione F, Ferro M, Mele A, Jafta CJ, Triolo A, Russina O. Direct experimental observation of mesoscopic fluorous domains in fluorinated room temperature ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:13101-13110. [PMID: 28489101 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01971h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated room temperature ionic liquids (FRTILs) represent a class of solvent media that are attracting great attention due to their IL-specific properties as well as features stemming from their fluorous nature. Medium-to-long fluorous tails constitute a well-defined apolar moiety in the otherwise polar environment. Similarly to the case of alkyl tails, such chains are expected to result in the formation of self-assembled fluorous domains. So far, however, no direct experimental observation has been made of the existence of such structural heterogeneities on the nm scale. We report here the first experimental evidence of the existence of mesoscopic spatial segregation of fluorinated domains, on the basis of highly complementary X-ray and neutron scattering data sets (highlighting the importance of the latter probe) and NMR spectroscopy. Data are interpreted using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, emphasizing the existence of a self-assembly mechanism that delivers segregated fluorous domains, where preferential solubilisation of fluorinated compounds can occur, thus paving the way for several smart applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lo Celso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, viale delle Scienze, ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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27
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Panja SK, Saha S. Microheterogeneity in imidazolium and piperidinium cation-based ionic liquids: 1D and 2D NMR studies. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:95-102. [PMID: 28503908 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Existence of microheterogeneity of imidazolium and piperidinium cation-based ionic liquids (ILs) containing PF6 and NTf2 anions has been investigated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 2D NMR (especially NOESY and HOESY) has been employed for studying the interactions present between cation and anion as well as the intermolecular interaction among cations. HOESY spectrum shows that fluorine of anion ( PF6- and NTf2-) significantly interacts with proton of the cations. Combined results of HOESY and NOESY for imidazolium IL indicate that the PF6- and imidazolium cation are distributed in organized manner, resulting a heterogeneous environment in liquid state. We have also observed existence of heterogeneous environment for piperidinium cation-based ILs which is different from imidazolium ILs. It appears that existence of microheterogeneity in IL is ubiquitous and therefore open up the ILs field to revisit. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Satyen Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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28
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Griffin LR, Browning KL, Clarke SM, Smith AM, Perkin S, Skoda MWA, Norman SE. Direct measurements of ionic liquid layering at a single mica-liquid interface and in nano-films between two mica-liquid interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:297-304. [PMID: 27905590 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05757h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The layering of ionic liquids close to flat, charged interfaces has been identified previously through theoretical and some experimental measurements. Here we present evidence for oscillations in ion density ('layering') in a long chain ionic liquid (1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) near the interface with mica using two complementary approaches. Neutron reflection at the ionic liquid-mica interface is used to detect structure at a single interface, and surface force balance (SFB) measurements carried out with the same ionic liquid reveal oscillatory density in the liquid confined between two mica sheets. Our findings imply the interfacial structure is not induced by confinement alone. Structural forces between two mica surfaces extend to approximately twice the distance of the density oscillations measured at a single interface and have similar period in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy R Griffin
- BP Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kathryn L Browning
- BP Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Stuart M Clarke
- BP Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alexander M Smith
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Susan Perkin
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - M W A Skoda
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Sarah E Norman
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
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29
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Rauber D, Heib F, Schmitt M, Hempelmann R. Trioctylphosphonium room temperature ionic liquids with perfluorinated groups – Physical properties and surface behavior in comparison with the nonfluorinated analogues. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Elfgen R, Hollóczki O, Kirchner B. A Molecular Level Understanding of Template Effects in Ionic Liquids. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2949-2957. [PMID: 29131941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure-directing or template effect has been invoked several times for ionic liquids to explain the different outcome in material synthesis, namely, different scaffolds or geometrical arrangements with varying ionic liquids. It is obvious to assume that such an effect can originate from the most likely complex microstructure, being present within the ionic liquid itself. In that regard, ionic liquids have already been shown to undergo a nanosegregation into polar and nonpolar phases, which is commonly known and denoted as microheterogeneity. In order to provide detailed insight on the molecular level and to understand the effects rising from this structuring, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on selected very simple model systems composed of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, considering ethyl, butyl, hexyl, and octyl side chains attached to the cations, mixed with either n-dodecanol or n-butanol. By analyzing snapshots of the simulation boxes and calculating spatial distribution functions, we can visualize that with increasing side chains, the systems show considerable nanosegregation into polar and nonpolar domains. Combined angular and distance distribution functions show that in case of the nanosegregating systems the side chains of the cations are preferentially arranged in a parallel fashion, which indicates a micelle-like structure for the ionic liquids. The alcohol molecules participate in and are, therefore, influenced by this microheterogeneity. It can be shown that in the case of the short IL alkyl side chains, the self-aggregation of the nonpolar units of the alcohols is much stronger, while for the long chain cations, the nonpolar entities of the alcohols are most often connected to the nonpolar units of the ionic liquids. Using our domain analysis tool, we can quantify these observations by tracking the number, size, and shape of the polar and nonpolar entities present in the different investigated systems. The aforementioned combined angular-distance distribution functions reveal a structure-directing effect of the ionic liquids on the alcohol molecules within our simple model systems. The ionic liquids act as template and order the alcohol molecules according to their own structure, resulting in a parallel alignment of the alkyl side chains of the alcohols and ionic liquid cations, with both polar groups being at the same side. These observations show that the microheterogeneous structure of ionic liquids can indeed be applied to order substrates with respect to each other or, for example, to catalysts in a predetermined fashion, opening new possibilities for explaining or enhancing selectivities of chemical reactions in ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Elfgen
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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31
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Palumbo O, Trequattrini F, Appetecchi G, Conte L, Paolone A. Relaxation dynamics in pyrrolidinium based ionic liquids: The role of the anion conformers. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Rauber D, Philippi F, Hempelmann R. Catalyst retention utilizing a novel fluorinated phosphonium ionic liquid in Heck reactions under fluorous biphasic conditions. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Brooks NJ, Castiglione F, Doherty CM, Dolan A, Hill AJ, Hunt PA, Matthews RP, Mauri M, Mele A, Simonutti R, Villar-Garcia IJ, Weber CC, Welton T. Linking the structures, free volumes, and properties of ionic liquid mixtures. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6359-6374. [PMID: 29619199 PMCID: PMC5859882 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of ionic liquid (IL) mixtures has been proposed as an approach to rationally fine-tune the physicochemical properties of ILs for a variety of applications. However, the effects of forming such mixtures on the resultant properties of the liquids are only beginning to be understood. Towards a more complete understanding of both the thermodynamics of mixing ILs and the effect of mixing these liquids on their structures and physicochemical properties, the spatial arrangement and free volume of IL mixtures containing the common [C4C1im]+ cation and different anions have been systematically explored using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and 129Xe NMR techniques. Anion size has the greatest effect on the spatial arrangement of the ILs and their mixtures in terms of the size of the non-polar domains and inter-ion distances. It was found that differences in coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions arising from the distribution of charge density amongst the atoms of the anion also significantly influences these inter-ion distances. PALS and 129Xe NMR results pertaining to the free volume of these mixtures were found to strongly correlate with each other despite the vastly different timescales of these techniques. Furthermore, the excess free volumes calculated from each of these measurements were in excellent agreement with the excess volumes of mixing measured for the IL mixtures investigated. The correspondence of these techniques indicates that the static and dynamic free volume of these liquid mixtures are strongly linked. Consequently, fluxional processes such as hydrogen bonding do not significantly contribute to the free volumes of these liquids compared to the spatial arrangement of ions arising from their size, shape and coulombic attraction. Given the relationship between free volume and transport properties such as viscosity and conductivity, these results provide a link between the structures of IL mixtures, the thermodynamics of mixing and their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Brooks
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Franca Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry , Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Cara M Doherty
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Private Bag 10 , Clayton South , Victoria 3169 , Australia
| | - Andrew Dolan
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Anita J Hill
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Private Bag 10 , Clayton South , Victoria 3169 , Australia
| | - Patricia A Hunt
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Richard P Matthews
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Michele Mauri
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali , Università of Milano-Bicocca , via Cozzi 55 , 20125 Milano , Italy
| | - Andrea Mele
- Department of Chemistry , Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Roberto Simonutti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali , Università of Milano-Bicocca , via Cozzi 55 , 20125 Milano , Italy
| | - Ignacio J Villar-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . .,Photoactivated Processes Unit , IMDEA Energy Institute , Móstoles Technology Park, Avenida Ramón de la Sagra, 3 , 28935 Móstole , Madrid , Spain
| | - Cameron C Weber
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . .,School of Science , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
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34
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Russina O, Lo Celso F, Plechkova N, Jafta CJ, Appetecchi GB, Triolo A. Mesoscopic organization in ionic liquids. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:58. [PMID: 28516337 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We discuss some published results and provide new observations concerning the high level of structural complexity that lies behind the nanoscale correlations in ionic liquids (ILs) and their mixtures with molecular liquids. It turns out that this organization is a consequence of the hierarchical construction on both spatial (from ångström to several nanometer) and temporal (from fraction of picosecond to hundreds of nanosecond) scales, which requires joint use of experimental and computational tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Russina
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natalia Plechkova
- QUILL, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Charl J Jafta
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alessandro Triolo
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
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35
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Russina O, Lo Celso F, Plechkova NV, Triolo A. Emerging Evidences of Mesoscopic-Scale Complexity in Neat Ionic Liquids and Their Mixtures. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1197-1204. [PMID: 28234000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) represent a blooming class of continuously developing advanced materials, with the aiming of a green chemical industry. Their appealing physical and chemical properties are largely influenced by their micro- and mesoscopic structure that is known to possess a high degree of hierarchical organization. High-impact application fields are largely affected by the complex morphology of neat ionic liquids and their mixtures. This Perspective highlights new arising research directions that point to an enhanced level of structural complexity in several IL-based systems, including mixtures. The latter represent a change in paradigm in the approach to formulate new, task-specific IL-based media, and the reported phenomenology has the potential to further expand their range of applications by calling for a revisitation of the nature of interactions in these exciting media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Russina
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza , Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo , viale delle Scienze, ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Natalia V Plechkova
- QUILL, The Queen's University of Belfast , Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT9 5AG
| | - Alessandro Triolo
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Rome 00133, Italy
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36
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Russina O, Triolo A. Ionic Liquids and Neutron Scattering. NEUTRON SCATTERING - APPLICATIONS IN BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, AND MATERIALS SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805324-9.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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37
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Rauber D, Zhang P, Huch V, Kraus T, Hempelmann R. Lamellar structures in fluorinated phosphonium ionic liquids: the roles of fluorination and chain length. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:27251-27258. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04814a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a new lamellar superstructure and non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior in fluorinated phosphonium dicyanamide ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Zhang
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | | | - Tobias Kraus
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Saarland University
| | - Rolf Hempelmann
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
- Transfercentre Sustainable Electrochemistry
- Saarland University and KIST Europe
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38
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Wu B, Yamashita Y, Endo T, Takahashi K, Castner EW. Structure and dynamics of ionic liquids: Trimethylsilylpropyl-substituted cations and bis(sulfonyl)amide anions. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:244506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4972410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boning Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Endo
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Edward W. Castner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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39
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Anaredy R, Lucio AJ, Shaw SK. Adventitious Water Sorption in a Hydrophilic and a Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid: Analysis and Implications. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:407-416. [PMID: 31457136 PMCID: PMC6640805 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of water in ionic liquids (ILs) is nearly impossible to prevent, and its presence is known to have a significant effect on the resulting mixtures' bulk and interfacial properties. The so-called "saturation" water concentrations have been reported, but water sorption rates and mixing behaviors in ILs are often overlooked as variables that can significantly change the resulting mixtures' physical properties over experimental time frames of several minutes to hours. The purpose of this work is to establish a range of these effects over similar time frames for two model ILs, protic ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and aprotic butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (N1114 TFSI), as they are exposed to controlled dry and humid environments. We report the water sorption rates for these liquids (270 ± 30 ppm/min for EAN and 30 ± 3 ppm/min for N1114 TFSI), examine the accuracy and precision associated with common methods for reporting water content, and discuss implications of changing water concentrations on experimental data and results.
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40
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Weber H, Kirchner B. Ionic Liquid Induced Band Shift of Titanium Dioxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2505-2514. [PMID: 27510436 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have become an established option for the use as electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells. In the present study, the adsorption of a multitude of different ILs on a TiO2 surface is studied systematically, focusing on the energetic modifications of the semiconductor. The cation was found to generally cause an energetic downward shift of the TiO2 band levels by accepting electron density from the surface, and the anions were observed to function in the opposite direction, raising the energy levels by donating electron density. Both effects counterbalance each other, leaving the desired outcome dependent on the choice of the specific IL, i.e., the choice of the cation/anion combination. The correlation of the band levels with the properties of the IL was successfully achieved. The dipole moment of the adsorbed ionic liquid species showed little to no correlation with the semiconductor energetics, but the charge transfer calculated by radical Voronoi tessellation revealed a high correlation. The current findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of the electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells, and ILs in general, and help with choosing and tuning of the electrolyte solutions in existing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Weber
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany.
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41
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Hettige JJ, Araque JC, Kashyap HK, Margulis CJ. Communication: Nanoscale structure of tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium based ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:121102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4944678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C. Araque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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42
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Schroer W, Triolo A, Russina O. Nature of Mesoscopic Organization in Protic Ionic Liquid–Alcohol Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2638-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolffram Schroer
- Fachbereich
2 Biologie-Chemie, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Triolo
- Laboratorio
Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Russina
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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43
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Russina O, De Santis S, Gontrani L. Micro- and mesoscopic structural features of a bio-based choline-amino acid ionic liquid. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02142e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of bio-based choline–norleucine ionic liquid has been explored by means of combined x-ray diffraction and MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Russina
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Serena De Santis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gontrani
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”
- Rome
- Italy
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44
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Chancelier L, Boyron O, Gutel T, Santini C. Thermal stability of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv4i1p51-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work highlights the factors tuning the thermal stability of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (IL) associated to bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion [NTf2]. The decomposition temperatures (Td) were evaluated by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) with optimized parameters to obtain reproducible Td. The impact of the alkyl chain length and of the presence of functional groups and unsaturations on Td were evaluated. The thermal behaviour was governed by Van der Waals interactions between alkyl chains, and by inter and intra coulombic interactions such as hydrogen bonds.
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45
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Lo Celso F, Aoun B, Triolo A, Russina O. Liquid structure of dibutyl sulfoxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:15980-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02335e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Liquid DBSO shows mesoscopic polar/apolar alternation. Dipole–dipole interactions are responsible for correlations between DBSO molecules that do not interact through hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bachir Aoun
- Advanced Photon Source
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | - Alessandro Triolo
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici
- Istituto Struttura della Materia
- CNR
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Olga Russina
- Department of Chemistry
- Sapienza University
- P. le Aldo Moro 5 Rome
- Italy
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46
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Chen HK, Srivastava N, Saha S, Shigeto S. Complementing Crystallography with Ultralow-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy: Structural Insights into Nitrile-Functionalized Ionic Liquids. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:93-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Nitin Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Satyen Saha
- Department of Chemistry; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Shinsuke Shigeto
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University; 2-1 Gakuen Sanda 669-1337 Japan
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Hollóczki O, Macchiagodena M, Weber H, Thomas M, Brehm M, Stark A, Russina O, Triolo A, Kirchner B. Triphilic Ionic-Liquid Mixtures: Fluorinated and Non-fluorinated Aprotic Ionic-Liquid Mixtures. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3325-33. [PMID: 26305804 PMCID: PMC4641458 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We present here the possibility of forming triphilic mixtures from alkyl- and fluoroalkylimidazolium ionic liquids, thus, macroscopically homogeneous mixtures for which instead of the often observed two domains-polar and nonpolar-three stable microphases are present: polar, lipophilic, and fluorous ones. The fluorinated side chains of the cations indeed self-associate and form domains that are segregated from those of the polar and alkyl domains. To enable miscibility, despite the generally preferred macroscopic separation between fluorous and alkyl moieties, the importance of strong hydrogen bonding is shown. As the long-range structure in the alkyl and fluoroalkyl domains is dependent on the composition of the liquid, we propose that the heterogeneous, triphilic structure can be easily tuned by the molar ratio of the components. We believe that further development may allow the design of switchable, smart liquids that change their properties in a predictable way according to their composition or even their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstr. 4+6, 53115, Bonn (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Marina Macchiagodena
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstr. 4+6, 53115, Bonn (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Henry Weber
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstr. 4+6, 53115, Bonn (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Martin Thomas
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstr. 4+6, 53115, Bonn (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Martin Brehm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung Leipzig, Department Ökologische ChemiePermoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig (Germany)
| | - Annegret Stark
- SMRI Sugarcane Biorefinery Research Chair, University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science School of EngineeringHoward College Campus, Durban (South Africa)
| | - Olga Russina
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome00185, Rome (Italy)
| | - Alessandro Triolo
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche00133, Rome (Italy)
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstr. 4+6, 53115, Bonn (Germany) E-mail:
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48
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Greaves TL, Drummond CJ. Protic Ionic Liquids: Evolving Structure-Property Relationships and Expanding Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11379-448. [PMID: 26426209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar L Greaves
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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49
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50
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Multiple points of view of heteronuclear NOE: Long range vs short range contacts in pyrrolidinium based ionic liquids in the presence of Li salts. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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