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Chen X, Du J, Kanwal S, Yang ZJ, Zheng LL, Wang J, Wen J, Zhang DW. A low-cost and portable fluorometer based on an optical pick-up unit for chlorophyll-a detection. Talanta 2024; 269:125447. [PMID: 38008018 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) fluorescence detection is an important technique for monitoring water quality. In this work, we proposed an approach that employs the mass-produced low-cost optical pick-up unit (OPU) extracted from the high-definition digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) drive as the key optical component for our chlorophyll-a fluorometer. The built-in blue-violet 405 nm laser diode of the OPU acts as the excitation light to perform laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The laser driver and a series of intrinsic lenses within the OPU, such as an objective lens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.65 and a collimating lens, help reduce the size, cost, and system complexity of the fluorometer. By integrating off-the-shelf electronic components, miniaturized optical setups, and 3D-printed assemblies, we have developed a low-cost, easy-to-make, standalone, and portable fluorometer. Finally, we validated the performance of the device for chlorophyll-a fluorescence detection under laboratory and on-site conditions, which demonstrated its great potential in water monitoring applications. The limit of detection (LOD) for chlorophyll-a is 0.35 μg/L, the size of the device is 151 × 100 × 80 mm3, and the total cost of the proposed fluorometer is as low as 137.5 USD. © 2023 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jing Du
- Huitong School, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Saima Kanwal
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhi-Jin Yang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zheng
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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2
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhu Y, Dong S, Liu Y, Sun Y, Qian L, Yang W, Cao Z. Monolithic integration of nanorod arrays on microfluidic chips for fast and sensitive one-step immunoassays. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:65. [PMID: 34567777 PMCID: PMC8433357 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present integrated nanorod arrays on microfluidic chips for fast and sensitive flow-through immunoassays of physiologically relevant macromolecules. Dense arrays of Au nanorods are easily fabricated through one-step oblique angle deposition, which eliminates the requirement of advanced lithography methods. We report the utility of this plasmonic structure to improve the detection limit of the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) assay by over 6 × 105-fold, reaching down to 33.9 fg mL-1 (~1.4 fM), compared with an identical assay on glass substrates. Through monolithic integration with microfluidic elements, the device enables a flow-through assay for quantitative detection of cTnI in the serum with a detection sensitivity of 6.9 pg mL-1 (~0.3 pM) in <6 min, which was 4000 times lower than conventional glass devices. This ultrasensitive detection arises from the large surface area for antibody conjugation and metal-enhanced fluorescent signals through plasmonic nanostructures. Moreover, due to the parallel arrangement of flow paths, simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers, including prostate-specific antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen, has been fulfilled with increased signal-to-background ratios. Given the high performance of this assay, together with its simple fabrication process that is compatible with standard mass manufacturing techniques, we expect that the prepared integrated nanorod device can bring on-site point-of-care diagnosis closer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiongdong Zhao
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shurong Dong
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, 310018 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijun Sun
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liling Qian
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenting Yang
- Genenexus Technology Corporation, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Cao
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, 310018 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang X, Li X, Yu HZ. Indirect Competitive Immunoassay on a Blu-ray Disc for Digitized Quantitation of Food Toxins. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1239-1245. [PMID: 32237719 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a Blu-ray disc technology enabled immunoassay (namely, assay-on-a-Blu-ray) protocol for the quantitation of food toxins. In particular, commercial Blu-ray discs (BDs) are activated as substrates to create indirect competitive immunoassays with the aid of microfluidic channel plates for the quantitation of aflatoxins; an unmodified Blu-ray drive is employed to read the digitized signal (error counts generated from gold/silver-particle-enhanced binding sites); and a free disc-quality control software is adapted to process the raw data. The performance of this BD-based digital detection platform has been tested for the quantitation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in spiked corn samples and validated with standard high-performance liquid chromatography measurements. The detection limit attained is as low as 0.27 ppb with a dynamic response range up to 200 ppb, which meets the standards established by government agencies worldwide for food products. We truly believe that the application potential of such a BD-technology-based, portable device for multiplex on-site quantitative analysis of food products as well as environmental and biomedical samples in real time is unlimited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hairong Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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4
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Rajendran ST, Scarano E, Bergkamp MH, Capria AM, Cheng CH, Sanger K, Ferrari G, Nielsen LH, Hwu ET, Zór K, Boisen A. Modular, Lightweight, Wireless Potentiostat-on-a-Disc for Electrochemical Detection in Centrifugal Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11620-11628. [PMID: 31335122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interfacing electrochemical sensors in a lab-on-a-disc (LoD) system with a potentiostat is often tedious and challenging. We here present the first multichannel, modular, lightweight, and wirelessly powered, custom-built potentiostat-on-a-disc (PoD) for centrifugal microfluidic applications. The developed potentiostat is in the form factor of a typical digital video disc (DVD) and weighs only 127 g. The design of the potentiostat facilitates easy and robust interfacing with the electrodes in the LoD system, while enabling real-time electrochemical detection during rotation. The device can perform different electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and amperometry while being controlled by custom-made software. Measurements were conducted with and without rotation using both in-house fabricated and commercial electrodes. The performance of the PoD was in good agreement with the results obtained using a commercial potentiostat with a measured current resolution of 200 pA. As a proof of concept, we performed a real-time release study of an electrochemically active compound from microdevices used for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Thoppe Rajendran
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Ermes Scarano
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , University of Naples Federico II , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Max H Bergkamp
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.,Department of Applied Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Biosensors for Medical Diagnostics , Eindhoven University of Technology , 5612 AE Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro M Capria
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , University of Naples Federico II , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Chung-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Kuldeep Sanger
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Giorgio Ferrari
- Department of Electronics Engineering , Polytechnic University of Milan , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Line H Nielsen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - En-Te Hwu
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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5
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Banerjee I, Aralaguppe SG, Lapins N, Zhang W, Kazemzadeh A, Sönnerborg A, Neogi U, Russom A. Microfluidic centrifugation assisted precipitation based DNA quantification. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1657-1664. [PMID: 30931470 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification methods are increasingly being used to detect trace quantities of DNA in samples for various diagnostic applications. However, quantifying the amount of DNA from such methods often requires time consuming purification, washing or labeling steps. Here, we report a novel microfluidic centrifugation assisted precipitation (μCAP) method for single-step DNA quantification. The method is based on formation of a visible precipitate, which can be quantified, when an intercalating dye (GelRed) is added to the DNA sample and centrifuged for a few seconds. We describe the mechanism leading to the precipitation phenomenon. We utilize centrifugal microfluidics to precisely control the formation of the visible and quantifiable mass. Using a standard CMOS sensor for imaging, we report a detection limit of 45 ng μl-1. Furthermore, using an integrated lab-on-DVD platform we recently developed, the detection limit is lowered to 10 ng μl-1, which is comparable to those of current commercially available instruments for DNA quantification. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate the quantification of LAMP products for a HIV-1B type genome containing plasmid on the lab-on-DVD platform. The simple DNA quantification system could facilitate advanced point of care molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Banerjee
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
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6
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Abstract
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The optical pickup
unit (OPU) within a CD/DVD/Blu-ray drive integrates
780, 650, and 405 nm wavelength lasers, diffraction-limited optics,
a high-bandwidth optoelectronic transducer up to 400 MHz, and a nanoresolution x-, z-axis, and tilt actuator in a compact
size. In addition, the OPU is a remarkable piece of engineering and
could enable different scientific applications such as sub-angstrom
displacement sensing, micro- and nanoimaging, and nanolithography.
Although off-the-shelf OPUs can be easily obtained, manufacturers
protect their datasheets under nondisclosure agreements to impede
their availability to the public. Thus, OPUs are black boxes that
few people can use for research, and only experienced researchers
can access all their functions. This review details the OPU mechanism
and components. In addition, we explain how to utilize three commercially
available triple-wavelength OPUs from scratch and optimize sensing
quality. Then, we discuss scientific research using OPUs, from standard
optical drive-based turnkey-biomarker array reading and OPU direct
bioapplications (cytometry, optical tweezing, bioimaging) to modified
OPU-based biosensing (DNA chip fluorescence scanning, biomolecular
diagnostics). We conclude by presenting future trends on optical storage
devices and potential applications. Hacking low-cost and high-performance
OPUs may spread micro- and nanoscale biosensing research from research
laboratories to citizen scientists around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin En-Te Hwu
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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7
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Yan K, Xue L, Wang S. Field of view scanning based quantitative interferometric microscopic cytometers for cellular imaging and analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:397-407. [PMID: 29315973 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microimaging is of great significance in the biological and medical fields, since it can realize observations acting as important references for cellular research and disease diagnosis. However, traditional microscopy only offers qualitative sample contours; moreover, it is difficult to reach large-amount sample observations limited by the fixed field of view (FoV). To realize massive cellular measurements quantitatively, three designed quantitative interferometric microscopic cytometers based on the FoV scanning are introduced and compared in details in this article. These devices not only retrieve the quantitative sample phase distributions in the extended FoV, but also provide the detailed information of massive cells, such as cellular volume, area, and roundness. Considering their capabilities as quantitative imaging and large-amount sampling, it is believed that these quantitative interferometric microscopic cytometers (QIMCs) can be potentially adopted in high-throughput cell imaging and statistical analysis for both the biological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keding Yan
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Sinmotec LLC, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215611, China
| | - Liang Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China.,Sinmotec LLC, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215611, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, Department of Optoelectric Information Science and Technology, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.,Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Sinmotec LLC, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215611, China
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8
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Sun Y, Sethu P. Microfluidic Adaptation of Density-Gradient Centrifugation for Isolation of Particles and Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4030067. [PMID: 28952546 PMCID: PMC5615313 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Density-gradient centrifugation is a label-free approach that has been extensively used for cell separations. Though elegant, this process is time-consuming (>30 min), subjects cells to high levels of stress (>350 g) and relies on user skill to enable fractionation of cells that layer as a narrow band between the density-gradient medium and platelet-rich plasma. We hypothesized that microfluidic adaptation of this technique could transform this process into a rapid fractionation approach where samples are separated in a continuous fashion while being exposed to lower levels of stress (<100 g) for shorter durations of time (<3 min). To demonstrate proof-of-concept, we designed a microfluidic density-gradient centrifugation device and constructed a setup to introduce samples and medium like Ficoll in a continuous, pump-less fashion where cells and particles can be exposed to centrifugal force and separated via different outlets. Proof-of-concept studies using binary mixtures of low-density polystyrene beads (1.02 g/cm3) and high-density silicon dioxide beads (2.2 g/cm3) with Ficoll–Paque (1.06 g/cm3) show that separation is indeed feasible with >99% separation efficiency suggesting that this approach can be further adapted for separation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Palaniappan Sethu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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9
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Tang AHL, Yeung P, Chan GCF, Chan BP, Wong KKY, Tsia KK. Time-stretch microscopy on a DVD for high-throughput imaging cell-based assay. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:640-652. [PMID: 28270973 PMCID: PMC5330545 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based assay based on time-stretch imaging is recognized to be well-suited for high-throughput phenotypic screening. However, this ultrafast imaging technique has primarily been limited to suspension-cell assay, leaving a wide range of solid-substrate assay formats uncharted. Moreover, time-stretch imaging is generally restricted to intrinsic biophysical phenotyping, but lacks the biomolecular signatures of the cells. To address these challenges, we develop a spinning time-stretch imaging assay platform based on the functionalized digital versatile disc (DVD). We demonstrate that adherent cell culture and biochemically-specific cell-capture can now be assayed with time-stretch microscopy, thanks to the high-speed DVD spinning motion that naturally enables on-the-fly cellular imaging at an ultrafast line-scan rate of >10MHz. As scanning the whole DVD at such a high speed enables ultra-large field-of-view imaging, it could be favorable for scaling both the assay throughput and content as demanded in many applications, e.g. drug discovery, and rare cancer cell screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson H. L. Tang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - P. Yeung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Godfrey C. F. Chan
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Barbara P. Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth K. Y. Wong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin K. Tsia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Tang M, Loo J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Kwok HC, Hui M, Leung CCH, Kong SK, Wang G, Ho HP. Motor-assisted chip-in-a-tube (MACT): a new 2- and 3-dimensional centrifugal microfluidic platform for biomedical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:474-483. [PMID: 28009878 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, centrifuge apparatus is primarily an end-point sample processing piece of equipment. The lack of real-time active control has imposed an inherent limitation such that many delicate sample processing steps requiring immediate and accurate intervention have never been possible. We report herein a motor-assisted chip-in-a-tube (MACT) platform in which a microfluidic chip placed inside a common centrifuge canister can be rotated through wireless control in order to manipulate the centrifugal force vector in a 3-dimensional (3D) manner. As a demonstration experiment, we have used our MACT prototype to perform the operation for two common biomedical procedures, namely human blood plasma separation and E. coli plasmid DNA extraction. This simple, yet highly effective and versatile approach may serve as a generic one-for-all platform for a wide range of common laboratory experiments and bioassay applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Tang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jacky Loo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuye Wang
- Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Xuping Zhang
- Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Ho-Chin Kwok
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Mamie Hui
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Czarina Chi-Hung Leung
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Kai Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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A mini-review on functional nucleic acids-based heavy metal ion detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:353-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Weng S, Li X, Li Y, Yu HZ. Optical disc technology-enabled analytical devices: from hardware modification to digitized molecular detection. Analyst 2016; 141:6190-6201. [PMID: 27704085 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Beyond their essential applications in portable data storage for the past 30 years, optical discs and corresponding recording/reading technologies have been extensively explored with the ultimate goal of creating novel analytical tools for on-site chemical analysis and point-of-care (POC) medical diagnosis. In particular, the disc media (CD, DVD, and BD) are proven to be inexpensive and versatile substrate materials for the preparation of various biochips and microfluidic systems; conventional computer drives and disc players are widely adapted for biochip signal reading and microscopic imaging. Herein we provide an overview of such optical disc technology-enabled analytical devices, e.g., integrated systems developed from specifically fabricated analog disks, modified optical drives, or adapted software algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
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13
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Walsh DI, Murthy SK, Russom A. Ultra-High-Throughput Sample Preparation System for Lymphocyte Immunophenotyping Point-of-Care Diagnostics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:706-12. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068216634003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Reis NM, Pivetal J, Loo-Zazueta AL, Barros JMS, Edwards AD. Lab on a stick: multi-analyte cellular assays in a microfluidic dipstick. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2891-2899. [PMID: 27374435 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00332j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new microfluidic concept for multi-analyte testing in a dipstick format is presented, termed "Lab-on-a-Stick", that combines the simplicity of dipstick tests with the high performance of microfluidic devices. Lab-on-a-stick tests are ideally suited to analysis of particulate samples such as mammalian or bacterial cells, and capable of performing multiple different parallel microfluidic assays when dipped into a single sample with results recorded optically. The utility of this new diagnostics format was demonstrated by performing three types of multiplex cellular assays that are challenging to perform in conventional dipsticks: 1) instantaneous ABO blood typing; 2) microbial identification; and 3) antibiotic minimum inhibitory (MIC) concentration measurement. A pressure balance model closely predicted the superficial flow velocities in individual capillaries, that were overestimated by up to one order of magnitude by the Lucas-Washburn equation conventionally used for wicking in cylindrical pores. Lab-on-a-stick provides a cost-effective, simple, portable and flexible multiplex platform for a range of assays, and will deliver a new generation of advanced yet affordable point-of-care tests for global diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M Reis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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15
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Tay A, Pavesi A, Yazdi SR, Lim CT, Warkiani ME. Advances in microfluidics in combating infectious diseases. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:404-421. [PMID: 26854743 PMCID: PMC7125941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the important pursuits in science and engineering research today is to develop low-cost and user-friendly technologies to improve the health of people. Over the past decade, research efforts in microfluidics have been made to develop methods that can facilitate low-cost diagnosis of infectious diseases, especially in resource-poor settings. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances in microfluidic devices for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for infectious diseases and emphasis is placed on malaria, sepsis and AIDS/HIV. Other infectious diseases such as SARS, tuberculosis, and dengue are also briefly discussed. These infectious diseases are chosen as they contribute the most to disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The current state of research in this area is evaluated and projection toward future applications and accompanying challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Tay
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Saeed Rismani Yazdi
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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16
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Weng S, Li X, Niu M, Ge B, Yu HZ. Blu-ray Technology-Based Quantitative Assays for Cardiac Markers: From Disc Activation to Multiplex Detection. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6889-96. [PMID: 27268387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. To reduce the number of mortalities, reliable and rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of AMI is extremely critical. We herein present a Blu-ray technology-based assay platform for multiplex cardiac biomarker detection; not only off-the-shelf Blu-ray discs (BDs) were adapted as substrates to prepare standard immunoassays and DNA aptamer/antibody hybrid assays for the three key cardiac marker proteins (myoglobin, troponin I, and C-creative protein) but also an unmodified optical drive was directly employed to read the assay results digitally. In particular, we have shown that all three cardiac markers can be quantitated in their respective physiological ranges of interest, and the detection limits achieved are comparable with conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The Blu-ray assay platform was further validated by measuring real-world samples and establishing a linear correlation with the simultaneously obtained ELISA data. Without the need to modify either the hardware (Blu-ray discs and optical drives) or the software driver, this assay-on-a-BD technique promises to be a low-cost user-friendly quantitative tool for on-site chemical analysis and POC medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology , Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
| | - Michelle Niu
- eSenso Biotech Inc. , 308-2999 Underhill Avenue, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 3C2, Canada
| | - Bixia Ge
- eSenso Biotech Inc. , 308-2999 Underhill Avenue, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 3C2, Canada
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology , Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
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17
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Morais S, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Disc-based microarrays: principles and analytical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4523-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Michael IJ, Kim TH, Sunkara V, Cho YK. Challenges and Opportunities of Centrifugal Microfluidics for Extreme Point-of-Care Testing. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7020032. [PMID: 30407405 PMCID: PMC6190358 DOI: 10.3390/mi7020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The advantages offered by centrifugal microfluidic systems have encouraged its rapid adaptation in the fields of in vitro diagnostics, clinical chemistry, immunoassays, and nucleic acid tests. Centrifugal microfluidic devices are currently used in both clinical and point-of-care settings. Recent studies have shown that this new diagnostic platform could be potentially used in extreme point-of-care settings like remote villages in the Indian subcontinent and in Africa. Several technological inventions have decentralized diagnostics in developing countries; however, very few microfluidic technologies have been successful in meeting the demand. By identifying the finest difference between the point-of-care testing and extreme point-of-care infrastructure, this review captures the evolving diagnostic needs of developing countries paired with infrastructural challenges with technological hurdles to healthcare delivery in extreme point-of-care settings. In particular, the requirements for making centrifugal diagnostic devices viable in developing countries are discussed based on a detailed analysis of the demands in different clinical settings including the distinctive needs of extreme point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issac J Michael
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 100 Banyeon-ri, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 100 Banyeon-ri, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Korea.
| | - Vijaya Sunkara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 100 Banyeon-ri, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 100 Banyeon-ri, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Korea.
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 689-798, Korea.
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19
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Liu Q, Chernish A, DuVall JA, Ouyang Y, Li J, Qian Q, Bazydlo LAL, Haverstick DM, Landers JP. The ARTμS: a novel microfluidic CD4+ T-cell enumeration system for monitoring antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:506-514. [PMID: 26687070 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel and cost-effective microfluidic platform that integrates immunomagnetic separation and cell enumeration via DNA-induced bead aggregation. Using a two-stage immunocapture microdevice, 10 μL of whole blood was processed to isolate CD4+ T-cells. The first stage involved the immuno-subtraction of monocytes by anti-CD14 magnetic beads, followed by CD4+ T-cell capture with anti-CD4 magnetic beads. The super hydrophilic surface generated during polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) plasma treatment allowed for accurate metering of the CD4+ T-cell lysate, which then interacted with silica-coated magnetic beads under chaotropic conditions to form aggregates. Images of the resulting aggregates were captured and processed to reveal the mass of DNA, which was used to back-calculate the CD4+ T-cell number. Studies with clinical samples revealed that the analysis of blood within 24 hours of phlebotomy yielded the best results. Under these conditions, an accurate cell count was achieved (R(2) = 0.98) when compared to cell enumeration via flow cytometry, and over a functional dynamic range from 106-2337 cells per μL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Center For Microsystems For The Life Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Alexis Chernish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
| | - Jacquelyn A DuVall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Center For Microsystems For The Life Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Yiwen Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Center For Microsystems For The Life Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Center For Microsystems For The Life Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Qiang Qian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Lindsay A L Bazydlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Doris M Haverstick
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - James P Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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20
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Tang M, Wang G, Kong SK, Ho HP. A Review of Biomedical Centrifugal Microfluidic Platforms. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E26. [PMID: 30407398 PMCID: PMC6190084 DOI: 10.3390/mi7020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Centrifugal microfluidic or lab-on-a-disc platforms have many advantages over other microfluidic systems. These advantages include a minimal amount of instrumentation, the efficient removal of any disturbing bubbles or residual volumes, and inherently available density-based sample transportation and separation. Centrifugal microfluidic devices applied to biomedical analysis and point-of-care diagnostics have been extensively promoted recently. This paper presents an up-to-date overview of these devices. The development of biomedical centrifugal microfluidic platforms essentially covers two categories: (i) unit operations that perform specific functionalities, and (ii) systems that aim to address certain biomedical applications. With the aim to provide a comprehensive representation of current development in this field, this review summarizes progress in both categories. The advanced unit operations implemented for biological processing include mixing, valving, switching, metering and sequential loading. Depending on the type of sample to be used in the system, biomedical applications are classified into four groups: nucleic acid analysis, blood analysis, immunoassays, and other biomedical applications. Our overview of advanced unit operations also includes the basic concepts and mechanisms involved in centrifugal microfluidics, while on the other hand an outline on reported applications clarifies how an assembly of unit operations enables efficient implementation of various types of complex assays. Lastly, challenges and potential for future development of biomedical centrifugal microfluidic devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Tang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Siu-Kai Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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21
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Detection methods for centrifugal microfluidic platforms. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 76:54-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Smith S, Mager D, Perebikovsky A, Shamloo E, Kinahan D, Mishra R, Torres Delgado SM, Kido H, Saha S, Ducrée J, Madou M, Land K, Korvink JG. CD-Based Microfluidics for Primary Care in Extreme Point-of-Care Settings. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7020022. [PMID: 30407395 PMCID: PMC6190444 DOI: 10.3390/mi7020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We review the utility of centrifugal microfluidic technologies applied to point-of-care diagnosis in extremely under-resourced environments. The various challenges faced in these settings are showcased, using areas in India and Africa as examples. Measures for the ability of integrated devices to effectively address point-of-care challenges are highlighted, and centrifugal, often termed CD-based microfluidic technologies, technologies are presented as a promising platform to address these challenges. We describe the advantages of centrifugal liquid handling, as well as the ability of a standard CD player to perform a number of common laboratory tests, fulfilling the role of an integrated lab-on-a-CD. Innovative centrifugal approaches for point-of-care in extremely resource-poor settings are highlighted, including sensing and detection strategies, smart power sources and biomimetic inspiration for environmental control. The evolution of centrifugal microfluidics, along with examples of commercial and advanced prototype centrifugal microfluidic systems, is presented, illustrating the success of deployment at the point-of-care. A close fit of emerging centrifugal systems to address a critical panel of tests for under-resourced clinic settings, formulated by medical experts, is demonstrated. This emphasizes the potential of centrifugal microfluidic technologies to be applied effectively to extremely challenging point-of-care scenarios and in playing a role in improving primary care in resource-limited settings across the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Smith
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Dario Mager
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Perebikovsky
- School of Engineering and School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 4200 Engineering Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697-3975, USA.
| | - Ehsan Shamloo
- School of Engineering and School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 4200 Engineering Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697-3975, USA.
| | - David Kinahan
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Rohit Mishra
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Saraí M Torres Delgado
- Simulation Laboratory, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau 79085, Germany.
| | - Horacio Kido
- School of Engineering and School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 4200 Engineering Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697-3975, USA.
| | - Satadal Saha
- Foundation for Innovations in Health and JSV Innovations Private Limited, 44A S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India.
| | - Jens Ducrée
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Marc Madou
- School of Engineering and School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 4200 Engineering Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697-3975, USA.
| | - Kevin Land
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Jan G Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.
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23
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Sun J, Xianyu Y, Jiang X. Point-of-care biochemical assays using gold nanoparticle-implemented microfluidics. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 43:6239-53. [PMID: 24882068 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00125g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the goals of point-of-care (POC) is a chip-based, miniaturized, portable, self-containing system that allows the assay of proteins, nucleic acids, and cells in complex samples. The integration of nanomaterials and microfluidics can help achieve this goal. This tutorial review outlines the mechanism of assaying biomarkers by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and the implementation of AuNPs for microfluidic POC devices. In line with this, we discuss some recent advances in AuNP-coupled microfluidic sensors with enhanced performance. Portable and automated instruments for device operation and signal readout are also included for practical applications of these AuNP-combined microfluidic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology & Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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24
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Zhang L, Wong JXH, Li X, Li Y, Yu HZ. Detection and Quantitation of Heavy Metal Ions on Bona Fide DVDs Using DNA Molecular Beacon Probes. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5062-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems
(Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and
Optoelectronic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jessica X. H. Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems
(Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and
Optoelectronic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems
(Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and
Optoelectronic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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25
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Quantification of rolling circle amplified DNA using magnetic nanobeads and a Blu-ray optical pick-up unit. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:649-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Zhang L, Li X, Li Y, Shi X, Yu HZ. Indirect Competitive Assays on DVD for Direct Multiplex Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Oral Fluids. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1896-902. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems
(Shanxi Province and Ministry of Education), Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems
(Shanxi Province and Ministry of Education), Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems
(Shanxi Province and Ministry of Education), Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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27
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Tortajada-Genaro LA, Santiago-Felipe S, Amasia M, Russom A, Maquieira Á. Isothermal solid-phase recombinase polymerase amplification on microfluidic digital versatile discs (DVDs). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02778k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The proposed device, for massive DNA-based screening in limited-resource settings, comprises a centrifugal platform to perform isothermal solid-phase amplification in microarray format and a digital versatile disc drive to read the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Tortajada-Genaro
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Interunversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM)
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Spain
| | - Sara Santiago-Felipe
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Interunversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM)
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Spain
| | - Mary Amasia
- Div. of Nanobiotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- Div. of Nanobiotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Interunversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM)
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Spain
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28
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Avella-Oliver M, Morais S, Carrascosa J, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Total Analysis Systems with Thermochromic Etching Discs Technology. Anal Chem 2014; 86:12037-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502640j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Avella-Oliver
- IDM, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Morais
- IDM, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Carrascosa
- IDM, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Puchades
- IDM, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- IDM, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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29
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Li X, Shi M, Cui C, Yu HZ. Inkjet-printed bioassays for direct reading with a multimode DVD/Blu-Ray optical drive. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8922-6. [PMID: 25144468 DOI: 10.1021/ac501870w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Compact disc-based bioassays have been developed as novel point-of-care (POC) tools for various applications in chemical analysis and biomedical diagnosis. For the fabrication of assay discs, the surface patterning and sample introduction have been restricted to manual delivery that is unfavorable for on-demand high throughput medical screening. Herein, we have adapted a conventional inkjet printer to prepare bioassays on regular DVD-Rs and accomplished quantitative analysis with a multimode DVD/Blu-Ray optical drive in conjunction with free disc diagnostic software. The feasibility and accuracy of this method have been demonstrated by the quantitative analysis of inkjet-printed biotin-streptavidin binding assays on DVD, which serves as a trial system for other complex, medically relevant sandwich-format or competitive immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
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30
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Walsh DI, Sommer GJ, Schaff UY, Hahn PS, Jaffe GJ, Murthy SK. A centrifugal fluidic immunoassay for ocular diagnostics with an enzymatically hydrolyzed fluorogenic substrate. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2673-2680. [PMID: 24806296 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00279b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel "Lab-on-a-Disk" platform and demonstrate its capability for rapid and sensitive measurement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intended for patients suffering from diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This approach combines sedimentation principles applied to microspheres under centrifugal force with signal amplification using an enzyme and a fluorogenic substrate for readout. The simple single channel per assay platform separates, washes and concentrates antibody-coated microspheres from excess label to produce a sensitive fluorogenic response proportional to the amount of VEGF in the sample. This platform has comparable sensitivity to conventional ELISA and can generate a readout within 16-18 min with no sample preparation beyond mixing assay reagents and loading on the disk. In the context of ocular diagnostics, this device has the potential to facilitate accurate dosing of anti-VEGF medications utilized to treat DR and AMD, as well as identify patients whose ocular VEGF levels are not elevated and who would therefore not benefit from standard anti-VEGF medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Walsh
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Morais S, Tortajada-Genaro L, Maquieira Á. Array-on-a-disk? How Blu-ray technology can be applied to molecular diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:773-5. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.929945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nwankire CE, Czugala M, Burger R, Fraser KJ, O׳Connell TM, Glennon T, Onwuliri BE, Nduaguibe IE, Diamond D, Ducrée J. A portable centrifugal analyser for liver function screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:352-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li X, Weng S, Ge B, Yao Z, Yu HZ. DVD technology-based molecular diagnosis platform: quantitative pregnancy test on a disc. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1686-1694. [PMID: 24695902 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51411k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A diagnosis platform based entirely on DVD technology was developed for on-site quantitation of molecular analytes of interest, e.g., human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine samples ("quantitative pregnancy test on a disc"). An hCG-specific monoclonal antibody-binding assay prepared on a regular DVD-R was labeled with nanogold-streptavidin conjugates for signal enhancement with a customized silver-staining protocol. An unmodified, conventional computer optical drive was used for assay reading, and free disc-quality analysis software for data processing. The performance (sensitivity and selectivity) of this DVD assay is comparable to that of well-established colorimetric methods (determination of optical darkness ratios) and standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). As validated by examining its linear correlation with the ELISA results on the same set of samples, the DVD assay promises to be a low-cost, multiplex, point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tool for physicians and even for individuals at home, producing prompt results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi 030024, China.
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Greenbaum A, Akbari N, Feizi A, Luo W, Ozcan A. Field-portable pixel super-resolution colour microscope. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76475. [PMID: 24086742 PMCID: PMC3785454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on partially-coherent digital in-line holography, we report a field-portable microscope that can render lensfree colour images over a wide field-of-view of e.g., >20 mm(2). This computational holographic microscope weighs less than 145 grams with dimensions smaller than 17×6×5 cm, making it especially suitable for field settings and point-of-care use. In this lensfree imaging design, we merged a colorization algorithm with a source shifting based multi-height pixel super-resolution technique to mitigate 'rainbow' like colour artefacts that are typical in holographic imaging. This image processing scheme is based on transforming the colour components of an RGB image into YUV colour space, which separates colour information from brightness component of an image. The resolution of our super-resolution colour microscope was characterized using a USAF test chart to confirm sub-micron spatial resolution, even for reconstructions that employ multi-height phase recovery to handle dense and connected objects. To further demonstrate the performance of this colour microscope Papanicolaou (Pap) smears were also successfully imaged. This field-portable and wide-field computational colour microscope could be useful for tele-medicine applications in resource poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Greenbaum
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Najva Akbari
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Alborz Feizi
- Bioengineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Luo
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Bioengineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Coskun AF, Ozcan A. Computational imaging, sensing and diagnostics for global health applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 25:8-16. [PMID: 24484875 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize some of the recent work in emerging computational imaging, sensing and diagnostics techniques, along with some of the complementary non-computational modalities that can potentially transform the delivery of health care globally. As computational resources are becoming more and more powerful, while also getting cheaper and more widely available, traditional imaging, sensing and diagnostic tools will continue to experience a revolution through simplification of their designs, making them compact, light-weight, cost-effective, and yet quite powerful in terms of their performance when compared to their bench-top counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet F Coskun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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36
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Zhao Y, Chen D, Yue H, French JB, Rufo J, Benkovic SJ, Huang TJ. Lab-on-a-chip technologies for single-molecule studies. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2183-98. [PMID: 23670195 PMCID: PMC3955889 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc90042h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments on various lab-on-a-chip techniques allow miniaturized and integrated devices to perform on-chip single-molecule studies. Fluidic-based platforms that utilize unique microscale fluidic behavior are capable of conducting single-molecule experiments with high sensitivities and throughputs, while biomolecular systems can be studied on-chip using techniques such as DNA curtains, magnetic tweezers, and solid-state nanopores. The advances of these on-chip single-molecule techniques lead to next-generation lab-on-a-chip devices, such as DNA transistors, and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology for rapid and low-cost whole genome DNA sequencing. In this Focus article, we will discuss some recent successes in the development of lab-on-a-chip techniques for single-molecule studies and expound our thoughts on the near future of on-chip single-molecule studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Danqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Hongjun Yue
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Jarrod B. French
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Joey Rufo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Stephen J. Benkovic
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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Kotz KT, Petrofsky AC, Haghgooie R, Granier R, Toner M, Tompkins RG. Inertial focusing cytometer with integrated optics for particle characterization. TECHNOLOGY 2013; 1:27-36. [PMID: 25346940 PMCID: PMC4206911 DOI: 10.1142/s233954781350009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic inertial focusing has been shown as a simple and effective method to localize cells and particles within a flow cell for interrogation by an external optical system. To enable portable point of care optical cytometry, however, requires a reduction in the complexity of the large optical systems that are used in standard flow cytometers. Here, we present a new design that incorporates optical waveguides and focusing elements with an inertial focusing flow cell to make a compact robust cytometer capable of enumerating and discriminating beads, cells, and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T Kotz
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anne C Petrofsky
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ramin Haghgooie
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert Granier
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ronald G Tompkins
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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