1
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Marvi F, Jafari K, Shahabadi M, Tabarzad M, Ghorbani-Bidkorpeh F, Azad T. Ultrasensitive detection of vital biomolecules based on a multi-purpose BioMEMS for Point of care testing: digoxin measurement as a case study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1633. [PMID: 38238435 PMCID: PMC10796958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid and label-free detection of very low concentrations of biomarkers in disease diagnosis or therapeutic drug monitoring is essential to prevent disease progression in Point of Care Testing. For this purpose, we propose a multi-purpose optical Bio-Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (BioMEMS) sensing platform which can precisely measure very small changes of biomolecules concentrations in plasma-like buffer samples. This is realized by the development of an interferometric detection method on highly sensitive MEMS transducers (cantilevers). This approach facilitates the precise analysis of the obtained results to determine the analyte type and its concentrations. Furthermore, the proposed multi-purpose platform can be used for a wide range of biological assessments in various concentration levels by the use of an appropriate bioreceptor and the control of its coating density on the cantilever surface. In this study, the present system is prepared for the identification of digoxin medication in its therapeutic window for therapeutic drug monitoring as a case study. The experimental results represent the repeatability and stability of the proposed device as well as its capability to detect the analytes in less than eight minutes for all samples. In addition, according to the experiments carried out for very low concentrations of digoxin in plasma-like buffer, the detection limit of LOD = 300 fM and the maximum sensitivity of S = 5.5 × 1012 AU/M are achieved for the implemented biosensor. The present ultrasensitive multi-purpose BioMEMS sensor can be a fully-integrated, cost-effective device to precisely analyze various biomarker concentrations for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Marvi
- CenBRAIN Neurotech Center of Excellence, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kian Jafari
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Mahmoud Shahabadi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbani-Bidkorpeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taha Azad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
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2
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A High-Linearity Glucose Sensor Based on Silver-Doped Con A Hydrogel and Laser Direct Writing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061423. [PMID: 36987204 PMCID: PMC10053202 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system is an ideal monitoring system for the blood glucose control of diabetic patients. The development of flexible glucose sensors with good glucose-responsive ability and high linearity within a large detection range is still challenging in the field of continuous glucose detection. A silver-doped Concanavalin A (Con A)-based hydrogel sensor is proposed to address the above issues. The proposed flexible enzyme-free glucose sensor was prepared by combining Con-A-based glucose-responsive hydrogels with green-synthetic silver particles on laser direct-writing graphene electrodes. The experimental results showed that in a glucose concentration range of 0–30 mM, the proposed sensor is capable of measuring the glucose level in a repeatable and reversible manner, showing a sensitivity of 150.12 Ω/mM with high linearity of R2 = 0.97. Due to its high performance and simple manufacturing process, the proposed glucose sensor is excellent among existing enzyme-free glucose sensors. It has good potential in the development of CGM devices.
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3
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Yin R, Xin J, Yang D, Gao Y, Zhang H, Qian Z, Zhang W. High-Linearity Hydrogel-Based Capacitive Sensor Based on Con A-Sugar Affinity and Low-Melting-Point Metal. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4302. [PMID: 36297880 PMCID: PMC9610871 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) plays an important role in the treatment of diabetes. Affinity sensing based on the principle of reversible binding to glucose does not produce intermediates, and the specificity of concanavalin A (Con A) to glucose molecules helps to improve the anti-interference performance and long-term stability of CGM sensors. However, these affinity glucose sensors have some limitations in their linearity with a large detection range, and stable attachment of hydrogels to sensor electrodes is also challenging. In this study, a capacitive glucose sensor with high linearity and a wide detection range was proposed based on a glucose-responsive DexG-Con A hydrogel and a serpentine coplanar electrode made from a low-melting-point metal. The results show that within the glucose concentration range of 0-20 mM, the sensor can achieve high linearity (R2 = 0.94), with a sensitivity of 33.3 pF mM-1, and even with the larger glucose concentration range of 0-30 mM the sensor can achieve good linearity (R2 = 0.84). The sensor also shows resistance to disturbances of small molecules, good reversibility, and long-term stability. Due to its low cost, wide detection range, high linearity, good sensitivity, and biocompatibility, the sensor is expected to be used in the field of continuous monitoring of blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Yin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jizhong Xin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dasheng Yang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiqin Qian
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
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4
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Yin Chin S, Cheung Poh Y, Kohler AC, Compton JT, Hsu LL, Lau KM, Kim S, Lee BW, Lee FY, Sia SK. Additive manufacturing of hydrogel-based materials for next-generation implantable medical devices. Sci Robot 2021; 2. [PMID: 31289767 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aah6451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Implantable microdevices often have static components rather than moving parts, and exhibit limited biocompatibility. This paper demonstrates a fast manufacturing method which can produce features in biocompatible materials down to tens of microns in scale, with intricate and composite patterns in each layer. By exploiting unique mechanical properties of hydrogels, we developed a "locking mechanism" for precise actuation and movement of freely moving parts, which can provide functions such as valves, manifolds, rotors, pumps, and delivery of payloads. Hydrogel components could be tuned within a wide range of mechanical and diffusive properties, and can be controlled after implantation without a sustained power supply. In a mouse model of osteosarcoma, triggering of release of doxorubicin from the device over ten days showed high treatment efficacy and low toxicity, at one-tenth of a standard systemic chemotherapy dose. Overall, this platform, called "iMEMS", enables development of biocompatible implantable microdevices with a wide range of intricate moving components that can be wirelessly controlled on demand, in a manner that solves issues of device powering and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Yin Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yukkee Cheung Poh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Anne-Céline Kohler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jocelyn T Compton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Lauren L Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kathryn M Lau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sohyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Benjamin W Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Francis Y Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Samuel K Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
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5
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Cai Y, Yang D, Yin R, Gao Y, Zhang H, Zhang W. An enzyme-free capacitive glucose sensor based on dual-network glucose-responsive hydrogel and coplanar electrode. Analyst 2021; 146:213-221. [PMID: 33099585 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucose sensors are vital devices for blood glucose detection in the diabetes care. Different from traditional electrochemical devices based on glucose oxidase, the glucose sensor based on the glucose-responsive hydrogel is more robust owing to its enzyme-free principle. However, integrating the high sensitivity, fast response, wide measuring range and low-cost fabrication into a hydrogel sensor is still challenging. In this study, we present a physical capacitive sensor, which consists of interdigital carbon electrodes (ICEs) fabricated by a direct laser writing technology and glucose-responsive hydrogel (DexG-Con A hydrogel) built by UV curing in situ. The dielectric property of DexG-Con A hydrogel changes accordingly with the change in environmental glucose concentration. Experimental results demonstrate that in a glucose concentration range of 0-30 mM, the proposed hydrogel sensor is capable of measuring the glucose level in a repeatable and reversible manner, showing a short responsive time of less than 2 min and a high sensitivity of 8.81 pF mM-1 at a glucose range of 0-6 mM. Owing to its simple fabrication process, low-cost and high performance, the proposed glucose sensor shows great potential on batch production for continuous glucose monitoring application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Cai
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Zhao Y, Kim A, Wan G, Tee BCK. Design and applications of stretchable and self-healable conductors for soft electronics. NANO CONVERGENCE 2019; 6:25. [PMID: 31367883 PMCID: PMC6669229 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-019-0195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soft and conformable electronics are emerging rapidly and is envisioned as the future of next-generation electronic devices where devices can be readily deployed in various environments, such as on-body, on-skin or as a biomedical implant. Modern day electronics require electrical conductors as the fundamental building block for stretchable electronic devices and systems. In this review, we will study the various strategies and methods of designing and fabricating materials which are conductive, stretchable and self-healable, and explore relevant applications such as flexible and stretchable sensors, electrodes and energy harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Aeree Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Guanxiang Wan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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7
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Li Y, Zhu Y, Wang C, He M, Lin Q. Selective detection of water pollutants using a differential aptamer-based graphene biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:59-67. [PMID: 30391910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) sensors are an attractive analytical tool for the detection of water pollutants. Unfortunately, this application has been hindered by the sensitivity of such sensors to nonspecific disturbances caused by variations of environmental conditions. Incorporation of differential designs is a logical choice to address this issue, but this has been difficult for GFET sensors due to the impact of fabrication processes and material properties. This paper presents a differential GFET affinity sensor for the selective detection of water pollutants in the presence of nonspecific disturbances. This differential design allows for minimization of the effects of variations of environmental conditions on the measurement accuracy. In addition, to mitigate the impact of the fabrication process and material property variations, we introduce a compensation scheme for the individual sensing units of the sensor, so that such variations are accounted for in the compensation-based differential sensing method. We test the use of this differential sensor for the selective detection of the water pollutant 17β-estradiol in buffer and tap water. Consistent detection results can be obtained with and without interferences of pH variations, and in tap water where unknown interferences are present. These results demonstrate that the differential graphene affinity sensor is capable of effectively mitigating the effects of nonspecific interferences to enable selective water pollutant detection for water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yibo Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Miao He
- Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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8
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Zhang Z, Maturavongsadit P, Shang J, Yan J, Li D, Wang Q, Lin Q. A dielectric affinity glucose microsensor using hydrogel-functionalized coplanar electrodes. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2017; 21:93. [PMID: 31223298 PMCID: PMC6586246 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-017-1926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a dielectric affinity microsensor that consists of an in situ prepared hydrogel attached to a pair of coplanar electrodes for dielectrically based affinity detection of glucose in subcutaneous tissue in continuous glucose monitoring applications. The hydrogel, incorporating N-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid that recognizes glucose via affinity binding, is synthetically prepared on the electrodes via in situ gelation. When implanted in subcutaneous tissue, glucose molecules in interstitial fluid diffuse rapidly through the hydrogel and bind to the phenylboronic acid moieties. This induces a change in the hydrogel's permittivity and hence in the impedance between the electrodes, which can be measured to determine the glucose concentration. The in situ hydrogel preparation allows for a reduced hydrogel thickness (~10 μm) to enable the device to respond rapidly to glucose concentration changes in tissue, as well as covalent electrode attachment of the hydrogel to eliminate the need for semipermeable membranes that would otherwise be required to restrain the sensing material within the device. Meanwhile, the use of coplanar electrodes is amenable to the in situ preparation and facilitates glucose accessibility of the hydrogel, and combined with dielectrically based transduction, also eliminates mechanical moving parts often found in existing affinity glucose microsensors that can be fragile and complicated to fabricate. Testing of the device in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.4 and 37 °C has shown that at glucose concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 mg/dL, the hydrogel-based microsensor exhibits a rapid, repeatable, and reversible response. In particular, in the glucose concentration range of 40-100 mg/dL, which is of great clinical interest to monitoring normal and low blood sugar levels, the device response is approximately linear with a resolution of 0.32 mg/dL based on effective capacitance and 0.27 mg/dL based on effective resistance, respectively. Thus, the device holds the potential to enable reliable and accurate continuous monitoring of glucose in subcutaneous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Panita Maturavongsadit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Junyi Shang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dachao Li
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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9
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Daikuzono CM, Delaney C, Tesfay H, Florea L, Oliveira ON, Morrin A, Diamond D. Impedance spectroscopy for monosaccharides detection using responsive hydrogel modified paper-based electrodes. Analyst 2017; 142:1133-1139. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02571d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel paper-based impedance sensor for saccharide sensing in the sub-mM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Daikuzono
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Ireland
| | - C. Delaney
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Ireland
| | - H. Tesfay
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Ireland
| | - L. Florea
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Ireland
| | - O. N. Oliveira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - A. Morrin
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Ireland
| | - D. Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Ireland
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10
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Yu X, Mahajan BK, Shou W, Pan H. Materials, Mechanics, and Patterning Techniques for Elastomer-Based Stretchable Conductors. MICROMACHINES 2016. [PMCID: PMC6189723 DOI: 10.3390/mi8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics represent a new generation of electronics that utilize soft, deformable elastomers as the substrate or matrix instead of the traditional rigid printed circuit boards. As the most essential component of stretchable electronics, the conductors should meet the requirements for both high conductivity and the capability to maintain conductive under large deformations such as bending, twisting, stretching, and compressing. This review summarizes recent progresses in various aspects of this fascinating and challenging area, including materials for supporting elastomers and electrical conductors, unique designs and stretching mechanics, and the subtractive and additive patterning techniques. The applications are discussed along with functional devices based on these conductors. Finally, the review is concluded with the current limitations, challenges, and future directions of stretchable conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heng Pan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-573-341-4896
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11
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Shang J, Yan J, Zhang Z, Huang X, Maturavongsadit P, Song B, Jia Y, Ma T, Li D, Xu K, Wang Q, Lin Q. A hydrogel-based glucose affinity microsensor. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2016; 237:992-998. [PMID: 27721570 PMCID: PMC5050552 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a hydrogel-based affinity microsensor for continuous glucose measurements. The microsensor is based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, and incorporates a synthetic hydrogel that is attached to the device surface via in situ polymerization. Glucose molecules that diffuses into and out of the device binds reversibly with boronic acid groups in the hydrogel via affinity binding, and causes changes in the dielectric properties of the hydrogel, which can be measured using a MEMS capacitive transducer to determine the glucose concentration. The use of the in situ polymerized hydrogel eliminates mechanical moving parts found in other types of affinity microsensors, as well as mechanical barriers such as semipermeable membranes that are otherwise required to hold the glucose-sensitive material. This facilitates the miniaturization and robust operation of the microsensor, and can potentially improve the tolerance of the device, when implanted subcutaneously, to biofouling. Experimental results demonstrate that in a glucose concentration range of 0-500 mg/dL and with a resolution of 0.35 mg/dL or better, the microsensor exhibits a repeatable and reversible response, and can potentially be useful for continuous glucose monitoring in diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Shang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panita Maturavongsadit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bing Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuan Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tieying Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dachao Li
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Shang J, Yan J, Zhang Z, Huang X, Maturavongsadit P, Song B, Jia Y, Ma T, Li D, Xu K, Wang Q, Lin Q. A hydrogel-based glucose affinity microsensor. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2016; 237:992-998. [PMID: 27721570 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a hydrogel-based affinity microsensor for continuous glucose measurements. The microsensor is based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, and incorporates a synthetic hydrogel that is attached to the device surface via in situ polymerization. Glucose molecules that diffuses into and out of the device binds reversibly with boronic acid groups in the hydrogel via affinity binding, and causes changes in the dielectric properties of the hydrogel, which can be measured using a MEMS capacitive transducer to determine the glucose concentration. The use of the in situ polymerized hydrogel eliminates mechanical moving parts found in other types of affinity microsensors, as well as mechanical barriers such as semipermeable membranes that are otherwise required to hold the glucose-sensitive material. This facilitates the miniaturization and robust operation of the microsensor, and can potentially improve the tolerance of the device, when implanted subcutaneously, to biofouling. Experimental results demonstrate that in a glucose concentration range of 0-500 mg/dL and with a resolution of 0.35 mg/dL or better, the microsensor exhibits a repeatable and reversible response, and can potentially be useful for continuous glucose monitoring in diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Shang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panita Maturavongsadit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bing Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuan Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tieying Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dachao Li
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Zhu Y, Hao Y, Adogla EA, Yan J, Li D, Xu K, Wang Q, Hone J, Lin Q. A graphene-based affinity nanosensor for detection of low-charge and low-molecular-weight molecules. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5815-9. [PMID: 26912374 PMCID: PMC4791181 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08866f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a graphene nanosensor for affinity-based detection of low-charge, low-molecular-weight molecules, using glucose as a representative. The sensor is capable of measuring glucose concentration in a practically relevant range of 2 μM to 25 mM, and can potentially be used in noninvasive glucose monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Yufeng Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Enoch A Adogla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Dachao Li
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Yu H, Chen Y, Xu P, Xu T, Bao Y, Li X. μ-'Diving suit' for liquid-phase high-Q resonant detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:902-910. [PMID: 26829920 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01187f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A resonant cantilever sensor is, for the first time, dressed in a water-proof 'diving suit' for real-time bio/chemical detection in liquid. The μ-'diving suit' technology can effectively avoid not only unsustainable resonance due to heavy liquid-damping, but also inevitable nonspecific adsorption on the cantilever body. Such a novel technology ensures long-time high-Q resonance of the cantilever in solution environment for real-time trace-concentration bio/chemical detection and analysis. After the formation of the integrated resonant micro-cantilever, a patterned photoresist and hydrophobic parylene thin-film are sequentially formed on top of the cantilever as sacrificial layer and water-proof coat, respectively. After sacrificial-layer release, an air gap is formed between the parylene coat and the cantilever to protect the resonant cantilever from heavy liquid damping effect. Only a small sensing-pool area, located at the cantilever free-end and locally coated with specific sensing-material, is exposed to the liquid analyte for gravimetric detection. The specifically adsorbed analyte mass can be real-time detected by recording the frequency-shift signal. In order to secure vibration movement of the cantilever and, simultaneously, reject liquid leakage from the sensing-pool region, a hydrophobic parylene made narrow slit structure is designed surrounding the sensing-pool. The anti-leakage effect of the narrow slit and damping limited resonance Q-factor are modelled and optimally designed. Integrated with electro-thermal resonance excitation and piezoresistive frequency readout, the cantilever is embedded in a micro-fluidic chip to form a lab-chip micro-system for liquid-phase bio/chemical detection. Experimental results show the Q-factor of 23 in water and longer than 20 hours liquid-phase continuous working time. Loaded with two kinds of sensing-materials at the sensing-pools, two types of sensing chips successfully show real-time liquid-phase detection to ppb-level organophosphorous pesticide of acephate and E.coli DH5α in PBS, respectively. The proposed method fundamentally solves the long-standing problem of being unable to operate a resonant micro-sensor in liquid well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Tiegang Xu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Yuyang Bao
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
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