1
|
Yu EJ, Yamaguchi T, Lee JH, Lim AR, Lee JH, Park H, Oh TJ. Enzymatic Synthesis of Anabolic Steroid Glycosides by Glucosyltransferase from Terribacillus sp. PAMC 23288. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:604-614. [PMID: 31893610 PMCID: PMC9728329 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1911.11057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The application of steroids has steadily increased thanks to their therapeutic effects. However, alternatives are required due their severe side effects; thus, studies on the activities of steroid derivatives are underway. Sugar derivatives of nandrolone, which is used to treat breast cancer, as well as cortisone and prednisone, which reduce inflammation, pain, and edema, are unknown. We linked O-glucose to nandrolone and testosterone using UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT-1) and, then, tested their bioactivities in vitro. Analysis by NMR showed that the derivatives were 17β-nandrolone β-D-glucose and 17β-testosterone β-D-glucose, respectively. The viability was higher and cytotoxicity was evident in PC12 cells incubated with rotenone and, testosterone derivatives, compared to the controls. SH-SY5Y cells incubated with H2O2 and nandrolone derivatives remained viable and cytotoxicity was attenuated. Both derivatives enhanced neuronal protective effects and increased the amounts of cellular ATP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Yu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Tokutaro Yamaguchi
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea,Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Lee
- Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Rang Lim
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors H.P. Phone: +82 2 3290 3051 E-mail: T.-J.O. Phone: +82 41 530 2677 E-mail:
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea,Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors H.P. Phone: +82 2 3290 3051 E-mail: T.-J.O. Phone: +82 41 530 2677 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu M, Kong JQ. The enzymatic biosynthesis of acylated steroidal glycosides and their cytotoxic activity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:981-994. [PMID: 30505666 PMCID: PMC6251810 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe the discovery and functional characterization of a steroidal glycosyltransferase (SGT) from Ornithogalum saundersiae and a steroidal glycoside acyltransferase (SGA) from Escherichia coli and their application in the biosynthesis of acylated steroidal glycosides (ASGs). Initially, an SGT gene, designated as OsSGT1, was isolated from O. saundersiae. OsSGT1-containing cell free extract was then used as the biocatalyst to react with 49 structurally diverse drug-like compounds. The recombinant OsSGT1 was shown to be active against both 3β- and 17β-hydroxyl steroids. Unexpectedly, in an effort to identify OsSGT1, we found the bacteria lacA gene in lac operon actually encoded an SGA, specifically catalyzing the acetylations of sugar moieties of steroid 17β-glucosides. Finally, a novel enzymatic two-step synthesis of two ASGs, acetylated testosterone-17-O-β-glucosides (AT-17β-Gs) and acetylated estradiol-17-O-β-glucosides (AE-17β-Gs), from the abundantly available free steroids using OsSGT1 and EcSGA1 as the biocatalysts was developed. The two-step process is characterized by EcSGA1-catalyzed regioselective acylations of all hydroxyl groups on the sugar unit of unprotected steroidal glycosides (SGs) in the late stage, thereby significantly streamlining the synthetic route towards ASGs and thus forming four monoacylates. The improved cytotoxic activities of 3′-acetylated testosterone17-O-β-glucoside towards seven human tumor cell lines were thus observable.
Collapse
Key Words
- 6′-AE-17β-G, 6′-acetylated estradiol 17-O-β-glucoside
- 6′-AT-17β-G, 6′-acetylated testosterone 17-O-β-glucoside
- AE-17β-G, acetylated estradiol-17-O-β-glucoside
- ASGs, acylated steroidal glycosides
- AT-17β-G, acetylated testosterone-17-O-β-glucoside
- Acylated steroidal glyco sides
- E-17β-G, estradiol-17-O-β-glucoside
- EcSGA1, E. coli steroidal glucoside acetyltransferase
- HPLC—SPE—NMR, high-performance liquid chromatography–solid phase extraction–NMR spectroscopy
- IPTG, isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside
- LacA
- ORF, open reading frame
- Ornithogalum saunder siae
- PSBD, putative steroid-binding domain
- PSPG, plant secondary product glycosyltranferase box
- RIN, RNA integrity number
- RP-HPLC, reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SGAs, steroidal glycoside acyltransferases
- SGEs, steroidal glycoside esters
- SGTs, steroidal glycosyltransferases
- SGs, steroidal glycosides
- Steroidal glycoside acyl transferase
- Steroidal glycosyltrans ferase
- T-17β-G, testosterone-17-O-β-glucoside
- UDP-Ara, UDP-l-arabinose
- UDP-Gal, UDP-D-galactose
- UDP-GalA, UDP-D-Galacturonic acid
- UDP-Glc, UDP-D-glucose
- UDP-GlcA, UDP-D-glucuronic acid
- UDP-GlcNAc, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine
- UDP-Xyl, UDP-D-xylose
- UTR, untranslated region
Collapse
|
3
|
Hoang NH, Huong NL, Kim B, Park JW. Kinetic studies on recombinant UDP-glucose: sterol 3-O-β-glycosyltransferase from Micromonospora rhodorangea and its bioconversion potential. AMB Express 2016; 6:52. [PMID: 27485517 PMCID: PMC4970993 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetics of a recombinant uridine diphosphate-glucose: sterol glycosyltransferase from Micromonospora rhodorangea ATCC 27932 (MrSGT) were studied using a number of sterols (including phytosterols) as glycosyl acceptors. The lowest K m value and the highest catalytical efficiency (k cat/K m) were found when β-sitosterol was the glycosyl acceptor in the enzymatic reaction. In contrast to the enzyme's flexibility toward the glycosyl acceptor substrate, this recombinant enzyme was highly specific to uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose as the donor substrate. Besides, the UDP-glucose-dependent MrSGT was able to attach one glucose moiety specifically onto the C-3 hydroxyl group of other phytosterols such as fucosterol and gramisterol, yielding stereo-specific fucosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside and gramisterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, respectively. Based on kinetic data obtained from the enzyme's reactions using five different sterol substrates, the significance of the alkene (or ethylidene) side chains on the C-24 position in the sterol scaffolds was described and the possible relationship between the substrate structure and enzyme activity was discussed. This is the first report on the enzymatic bioconversion of the above two phytosteryl 3-O-β-glucosides, as well as on the discovery of a stereospecific bacterial SGT which can attach a glucose moiety in β-conformation at the C-3 hydroxyl group of diverse sterols, thus highlighting the catalytic potential of this promiscuous glycosyltransferase to expand the structural diversity of steryl glucosides.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ikolo F, Zhang M, Harrington DJ, Robinson C, Waller AS, Sutcliffe IC, Black GW. Characterisation of SEQ0694 (PrsA/PrtM) of Streptococcus equi as a functional peptidyl-prolyl isomerase affecting multiple secreted protein substrates. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:3279-86. [PMID: 26466087 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00543d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) lipoproteins have been shown to influence the virulence of a number of Gram-positive bacterial human and animal pathogens, most likely through facilitating the folding of cell envelope and secreted virulence factors. Here, we used a proteomic approach to demonstrate that the Streptococcus equi PPIase SEQ0694 alters the production of multiple secreted proteins, including at least two putative virulence factors (FNE and IdeE2). We demonstrate also that, despite some unusual sequence features, recombinant SEQ0694 and its central parvulin domain are functional PPIases. These data add to our knowledge of the mechanisms by which lipoprotein PPIases contribute to the virulence of streptococcal pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Ikolo
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK. and Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, St. George's, Grenada
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Dean J Harrington
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Carl Robinson
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Andrew S Waller
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Iain C Sutcliffe
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Gary W Black
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| |
Collapse
|