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Apoorva S, Nguyen NT, Sreejith KR. Recent developments and future perspectives of microfluidics and smart technologies in wearable devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1833-1866. [PMID: 38476112 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices are gaining popularity in the fields of health monitoring, diagnosis, and drug delivery. Recent advances in wearable technology have enabled real-time analysis of biofluids such as sweat, interstitial fluid, tears, saliva, wound fluid, and urine. The integration of microfluidics and emerging smart technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and Internet of Things (IoT), into wearable devices offers great potential for accurate and non-invasive monitoring and diagnosis. This paper provides an overview of current trends and developments in microfluidics and smart technologies in wearable devices for analyzing body fluids. The paper discusses common microfluidic technologies in wearable devices and the challenges associated with analyzing each type of biofluid. The paper emphasizes the importance of combining smart technologies with microfluidics in wearable devices, and how they can aid diagnosis and therapy. Finally, the paper covers recent applications, trends, and future developments in the context of intelligent microfluidic wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikala Apoorva
- UKF Centre for Advanced Research and Skill Development(UCARS), UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India, 691 302
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia.
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Bertolone L, Castagna A, Manfredi M, De Santis D, Ambrosani F, Antinori E, Mulatero P, Danese E, Marengo E, Barberis E, Veneri M, Martinelli N, Friso S, Pizzolo F, Olivieri O. Proteomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles highlights specific signatures for patients with primary aldosteronism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1096441. [PMID: 37223008 PMCID: PMC10200877 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1096441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) can be released by different cell types facing the urogenital tract and are involved in cellular trafficking, differentiation and survival. UEVs can be easily detected in urine and provide pathophysiological information "in vivo" without the need of a biopsy. Based on these premises, we hypothesized that uEVs proteomic profile may serve as a valuable tool in the differential characterization between Essential Hypertension (EH) and primary aldosteronism (PA). Methods Patients with essential hypertension (EH) and PA were enrolled in the study (EH= 12, PA=24: 11 Bilateral Primary Aldosteronism subtype (BPA) and 13 Aldosterone Producing Adenoma (APA)). Clinical and biochemical parameters were available for all the subjects. UEVs were isolated from urine by ultracentrifugation and analysed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and nanotrack particle analysis (NTA). UEVs protein content was investigated through an untargeted MS-based approach. Statistical and network analysis was performed to identify potential candidates for the identification and classification of PA. Results MS analysis provided more than 300 protein identifications. Exosomal markers CD9 and CD63 were detected in all samples. Several molecules characterizing EH vs PA patients as well as BPA and APA subtypes were identified after statistical elaboration and filtering of the results. In particular, some key proteins involved in water reabsorption mechanisms, such as AQP1 and AQP2, were among the best candidates for discriminating EH vs PA, as well as A1AG1 (AGP1). Conclusion Through this proteomic approach, we identified uEVs molecular indicators that can improve PA characterization and help in the gain of insights of the pathophysiological features of this disease. In particular, PA was characterized by a reduction of AQP1 and AQP2 expression as compared with EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bertolone
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Annalisa Castagna
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Domenica De Santis
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Ambrosani
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Antinori
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Danese
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariangela Veneri
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simonetta Friso
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Pizzolo
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Oliviero Olivieri
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Huang J, Qin F, Lai X, Yang T, Yu J, Wei C, Wei L, Li J. Exploring heterogeneity of tumor immune cells and adrenal cells in aldosterone-producing adenomas using single-cell RNA-seq and investigating differences by sex. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14357. [PMID: 36942259 PMCID: PMC10024085 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism behind the higher incidence of aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) in women compared to men is not yet understood. In this study, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the immune cell infiltration and adrenal cell characteristics in APA. Our findings revealed a high presence of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, with macrophages and T lymphocytes being the most prevalent. Comparison of infiltrating cells between males and females showed that female CD8+T cells had stronger cytotoxic and inflammation-related functions, while female myeloid cells had more enrichment in inflammatory pathways. Additionally, we found that female adrenal cells had greater upregulation of immune-related and antigen presentation pathways. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells had a higher capability for aldosterone synthesis. These results provide a deeper understanding of the APA microenvironment in patients of different sexes and offer new insights into the onset of APA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Fei Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xiaomei Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Chaoping Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Lixia Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jianling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Mobile Post-doctoral Stations of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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Lana A, Alexander K, Castagna A, D'Alessandro A, Morandini F, Pizzolo F, Zorzi F, Mulatero P, Zolla L, Olivieri O. Urinary Metabolic Signature of Primary Aldosteronism: Gender and Subtype-Specific Alterations. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800049. [PMID: 30580498 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current clinical investigation for primary aldosteronism (PA) diagnosis requires complex expensive tests from the initial suspicion to the final subtype classification, including invasive approaches; therefore, appropriate markers for subtype definition are greatly desirable. The present study performs a metabolomics analysis to further examine specific molecular signatures of PA urines EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The study considered PA subtype and gender-related differences using two orthogonal advanced UHPLC-MS metabolomics approaches. Patients with essential hypertension (n = 36) and PA (n = 50) who were referred to the outpatient hypertension clinic and matched healthy subjects (n = 10) are investigated. RESULTS Statistically significant changes (p < 0.05 ANOVA, Fc > 1.5) of metabolites involved in central carbon, energy, and nitrogen metabolism are identified, especially purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and precursors, and free amino acids. PLS-DA interpretation provides strong evidence of a disease-specific metabolic pattern with dAMP, diiodothyronine, and 5-methoxytryptophan as leading factors, and a sex-specific metabolic pattern associated with orotidine 5-phosphate, N-acetylalanine, hydroxyproline, and cysteine. The results are verified using an independent sample set, which confirms the identification of specific signatures. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Metabolomics is used to identify low molecular weight molecular markers of PA, which paves the way for follow-up validation studies in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Lana
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Keisha Alexander
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Annalisa Castagna
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Francesca Morandini
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Pizzolo
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Zorzi
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Oliviero Olivieri
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
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