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Cardoza S, Yadav P, Ajmani A, Das P, Tandon V. Synthesis of C3,C6-Diaryl 7-Azaindoles via One-Pot Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction and Evaluation of Their HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitory Activity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8415-8426. [PMID: 36910947 PMCID: PMC9996623 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a continuing demand of new inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase (HIV-1 IN) due to mutations of HIV-1. This study aims to develop the synthesis of 3,6-diaryl 7-azaindoles and introspect the role of aryl groups on the strand transfer (ST) inhibition of HIV-1 IN. An efficient and chemo-selective one-pot method is established for the synthesis of the unexplored diverse C3 → C6 diaryl 7-azaindoles starting from 6-chloro-3-iodo-N-protected 7-azaindoles. Here we report Pd2dba3/SPhos catalyzed synthesis of eight selective C3 monoaryl 7-azaindoles (10a-h) and eight C3,C6-diaryl 7-azaindoles (11a-f, 12a,b) with yields in the ranges of 67-93% and 43-88% respectively. The synthesized derivatives inhibit the strand transfer (ST) activity of HIV-1 IN enzyme at 10 μM dose with 11d and 11f exhibiting %ST inhibitions of 72% and 71%, respectively. SAR studies indicate the para-substitution on the C3 aryl ring and C6 aryl is essential for enhanced %ST inhibition. 11b,c, 11e-f, and 12b showed lower cytotoxicity (IC50 > 200 μM) against TZM-bl cells. Molecular docking of the diaryl 7-azaindoles and Raltegravir (RAL), to the PFV-integrase revealed favorable binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savio Cardoza
- Special
Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Special
Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Abhishek Ajmani
- Special
Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian
Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special
Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Conjugates of Iron-Transporting N-Hydroxylactams with Ciprofloxacin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123910. [PMID: 35745033 PMCID: PMC9228471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Screening of a library of novel N-hydroxylactams amenable by the Castagnoli-Cushman reaction identified four lead compounds that facilitated 55Fe transport into P. aeruginosa cells (one of these synthetic siderophores was found to be as efficient at promoting iron uptake as the natural siderophores pyoverdine, pyochelin or enterobactin). Conjugates of the four lead siderophores with ciprofloxacin were tested for antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa POA1 (wild type) and the ∆pvdF∆pchA mutant strain. The antibacterial activity was found to be pronounced against the ∆pvdF∆pchA mutant strain grown in CAA medium but not for the POA1 strain. This may be indicative of these compounds being ‘Trojan horse’ antibiotics. Further scrutiny of the mechanism of the antibacterial action of the newly developed conjugates is warranted.
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Urvashi, Senthil Kumar JB, Das P, Tandon V. Development of Azaindole-Based Frameworks as Potential Antiviral Agents and Their Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6454-6495. [PMID: 35477274 PMCID: PMC9063994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The azaindole (AI) framework continues to play a significant role in the design of new antiviral agents. Modulating the position and isosteric replacement of the nitrogen atom of AI analogs notably influences the intrinsic physicochemical properties of lead compounds. The intra- and intermolecular interactions of AI derivatives with host receptors or viral proteins can also be fine tuned by carefully placing the nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic core. This wide-ranging perspective article focuses on AIs that have considerable utility in drug discovery programs against RNA viruses. The inhibition of influenza A, human immunodeficiency, respiratory syncytial, neurotropic alpha, dengue, ebola, and hepatitis C viruses by AI analogs is extensively reviewed to assess their plausible future potential in antiviral drug discovery. The binding interaction of AIs with the target protein is examined to derive a structural basis for designing new antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Special Centre for
Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110
067, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - J. B. Senthil Kumar
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Special Centre for
Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110
067, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Special Centre for
Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110
067, India
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Bakulina O, Bannykh A, Dar'in D, Krasavin M. Cyclic Hydroxamic Acid Analogues of Bacterial Siderophores as Iron-Complexing Agents prepared through the Castagnoli-Cushman Reaction of Unprotected Oximes. Chemistry 2017; 23:17667-17673. [PMID: 29072340 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first application of multicomponent chemistry (the Castagnoli-Cushman reaction) toward the convenient one-step preparation of cyclic hydroxamic acids is described. Cyclic hydroxamic acids are close analogues of bacterial siderophores (iron-binding compounds) and form stable complexes with Fe3+ ions as confirmed by spectrophotometric measurements. These compounds are potential components for the design of chelating agents for iron overload disease therapy, as well as siderophore-based carrier systems for antibiotic delivery across the bacterial cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bakulina
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Anton Bannykh
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
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Zhan P, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Liu X. Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development: Current Innovations and Future Trends. J Med Chem 2015; 59:2849-78. [PMID: 26509831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The early effectiveness of combinatorial antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the treatment of HIV infection has been compromised to some extent by rapid development of multidrug-resistant HIV strains, poor bioavailability, and cumulative toxicities, and so there is a need for alternative strategies of antiretroviral drug discovery and additional therapeutic agents with novel action modes or targets. From this perspective, we first review current strategies of antiretroviral drug discovery and optimization, with the aid of selected examples from the recent literature. We highlight the development of phosphate ester-based prodrugs as a means to improve the aqueous solubility of HIV inhibitors, and the introduction of the substrate envelope hypothesis as a new approach for overcoming HIV drug resistance. Finally, we discuss future directions for research, including opportunities for exploitation of novel antiretroviral targets, and the strategy of activation of latent HIV reservoirs as a means to eradicate the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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Wu JF, Liu MM, Huang SX, Wang Y. Design and synthesis of novel substituted naphthyridines as potential c-Met kinase inhibitors based on MK-2461. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3251-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Conformational restriction: an effective tactic in 'follow-on'-based drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:885-901. [PMID: 24962281 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The conformational restriction (rigidification) of a flexible ligand has often been a commonly used strategy in drug design, as it can minimize the entropic loss associated with the ligand adopting a preferred conformation for binding, which leads to enhanced potency for a given physiological target, improved selectivity for isoforms and reduced the possibility of drug metabolism. Therefore, the application of conformational restriction strategy is a core aspect of drug discovery and development that is widely practiced by medicinal chemists either deliberately or subliminally. The present review will highlight current representative examples and a brief overview on the rational design of conformationally restricted agents as well as discuss its advantages over the flexible counterparts.
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Zhao XZ, Smith SJ, Métifiot M, Johnson BC, Marchand C, Pommier Y, Hughes SH, Burke TR. Bicyclic 1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide-containing HIV-1 integrase inhibitors having high antiviral potency against cells harboring raltegravir-resistant integrase mutants. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1573-82. [PMID: 24471816 PMCID: PMC3983366 DOI: 10.1021/jm401902n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
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Integrase
(IN) inhibitors are the newest class of antiretroviral
agents developed for the treatment of HIV-1 infections. Merck’s
Raltegravir (RAL) (October 2007) and Gilead’s Elvitegravir
(EVG) (August 2012), which act as IN strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs),
were the first anti-IN drugs to be approved by the FDA. However, the
virus develops resistance to both RAL and EVG, and there is extensive
cross-resistance to these two drugs. New “2nd-generation”
INSTIs are needed that will have greater efficacy against RAL- and
EVG-resistant strains of IN. The FDA has recently approved the first
second generation INSTI, GSK’s Dolutegravir (DTG) (August 2013).
Our current article describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation
of a series of 1,8-dihydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamides,
1,4-dihydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxamides,
and 1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxamides.
This resulted in the identification of noncytotoxic inhibitors that
exhibited single digit nanomolar EC50 values against HIV-1
vectors harboring wild-type IN in cell-based assays. Importantly,
some of these new inhibitors retain greater antiviral efficacy compared
to that of RAL when tested against a panel of IN mutants that included
Y143R, N155H, G140S/Q148H, G118R, and E138K/Q148K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhi Zhao
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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