1
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Wang PZ, Zhang Z, Jiang M, Chen JR, Xiao WJ. A General Copper-Box System for the Asymmetric Arylative Functionalization of Benzylic, Propargylic or Allenylic Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202411469. [PMID: 39073195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202411469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Radical-involved arylative cross-coupling reactions have recently emerged as an attractive strategy to access valuable aryl-substituted motifs. However, there still exist several challenges such as limited scope of radical precursors/acceptors, and lack of general asymmetric catalytic systems, especially regarding the multicomponent variants. Herein, we reported a general copper-Box system for asymmetric three-component arylative radical cross-coupling of vinylarenes and 1,3-enynes, with oxime carbonates and aryl boronic acids. The reactions proceed under practical conditions in the absence or presence of visible-light irradiation, affording chiral 1,1-diarylalkanes, benzylic alkynes and allenes with good enantioselectivities. Mechanistic studies imply that the copper/Box complexes play a dual role in both radical generation and ensuing asymmetric cross-coupling. In the cases of 1,3-enynes, visible-light irradiation could improve the activity of copper/Box complex toward the initial radical generation, enabling better efficiency match between radical formation and cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Zi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430083, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430083, China
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2
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Wong CD, Jarvo ER. Sulfone cross-coupling outcompetes proton transfer. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1392-1393. [PMID: 39147894 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe D Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, CA, USA.
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3
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Guerrero M, Rentería-Gómez Á, Das D, Gutierrez O. Fe-Catalyzed Fluoroalkyl(hetero)arylation of Vinyl Azaarenes: Rapid and Modular Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,1-Bis(hetero)arylalkanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:7015-7020. [PMID: 39141436 PMCID: PMC11348425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to transition-metal-catalyzed difunctionalization of activated alkenes, selective alkylarylation of vinyl azaarenes is underdeveloped. Consequently, the lack of modular and rapid syntheses of 1,1-bis(hetero)arylalkanes limits their exploration in medicinal chemistry. Herein we report a protocol using commercially available iron salts, bisphosphine ligands, fluoroalkyl halides, and Grignard reagents that enables the selective 1,2-fluoroalkyl(hetero)arylation of vinyl azaarenes. We demonstrate the versatility and robustness of the method through the selective synthesis of a range of unsymmetrical 1,1-bis(hetero)arylalkenes, including pyridine N-oxides, triazoles, pyrazines, carbazoles, indazoles, and 1,2-azaborines. Mechanistic insights from experimental and computational investigations support a radical pathway and provide insights into the role of non-covalent interactions in iron catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deborshee Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
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4
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Ramos-Martín M, García-Álvarez J, Soto AP. Access to Substituted 1,1-Diarylalkanes by Friedel-Crafts Benzylations Mediated by FeCl 3-based Deep Eutectic Solvents. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400892. [PMID: 39052527 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of new, more efficient Friedel-Crafts benzylation methodologies that provide access to 1,1-diarylalkanes is an important objective of interest for the production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemical products. In this regard, this study introduces a novel synthetic route to 1,1-diarylalkanes conducted in the Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) 3 FeCl3 ⋅ 6 H2O/Gly, which serves as both a reaction medium and promoter. Under these conditions, Friedel-Crafts benzylations of various arenes bearing activating and deactivating ortho-/para-directing groups, can be performed using diverse benzylating reagents such as styrenes, alcohols, acetates, ethers, and chlorides. Importantly, highly electronically deactivated electrophiles, including those with CF3 and NO2 groups, are suitable substrates. This methodology provides a wide range of asymmetric 1,1-diarylalkanes (up to 132 examples) with generally good yields and high regioselectivities. The efficiency of this approach was demonstrated with the multigram-scale synthesis (10 mmol) of 1-phenyl-1-xylyl ethane (PXE), a liquid with great industrial applicability. Moreover, the Fe(III)-based DES could be reused for 20 consecutive cycles with no appreciable erosion of the yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ramos-Martín
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006, Oviedo, Spain
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5
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Zeng XW, Lin JN, Shu W. Hydrogen Source Tuned Regiodivergent Asymmetric Hydroalkylations of 2-Substituted 1,3-Dienes with Aldehydes by Cobalt-Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403073. [PMID: 38567830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic methods allowing for the reliable prediction and control of diverse regioselectivity along with the control of enantioselectivity to access different regio- and enantiomers by switching the least reaction parameters are one of the most attractive ways in organic synthesis, which provide access to diverse enantioenriched architectures from identical starting materials. Herein, a Co-catalyzed regiodivergent and enantioselective reductive hydroalkylation of 1,3-dienes with aldehydes has been achieved, furnishing different enantioenriched homoallylic alcohol architectures in good levels of enantioselectivity. The reaction features the switch of regioselectivity tuned by the selection of proton source. The use of an acid as proton source provided asymmetric 1,2-hydroalkylation products under reductive conditions, yet asymmetric 4,3-hydroalkylation products were obtained with silane as hydride source. This catalytic protocol allows for the access of homoallylic alcohols with two continuous saturated carbon centers in good levels of regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Ni Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
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6
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Hu X, Cheng-Sánchez I, Kong W, Molander GA, Nevado C. Nickel-catalysed enantioselective alkene dicarbofunctionalization enabled by photochemical aliphatic C-H bond activation. Nat Catal 2024; 7:655-665. [PMID: 38947227 PMCID: PMC11208155 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-024-01153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel strategies to rapidly construct complex chiral molecules from readily available feedstocks is a long-term pursuit in the chemistry community. Radical-mediated alkene difunctionalizations represent an excellent platform towards this goal. However, asymmetric versions remain highly challenging, and more importantly, examples featuring simple hydrocarbons as reaction partners are elusive. Here we report an asymmetric three-component alkene dicarbofunctionalization capitalizing on the direct activation of C(sp 3)-H bonds through the combination of photocatalysed hydrogen atom transfer and nickel catalysis. This protocol provides an efficient platform for installing two vicinal carbon-carbon bonds across alkenes in an atom-economic fashion, providing a wide array of high-value chiral α-aryl/alkenyl carbonyls and phosphonates, as well as 1,1-diarylalkanes from ubiquitous alkane, ether and alcohol feedstocks. This method exhibits operational simplicity, broad substrate scope and excellent regioselectivity, chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. The compatibility with bioactive motifs and expedient synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules highlight the synthetic potential of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Xu MY, Jiang WT, Xia MZ, An ZL, Xie XY, Xiao B. Orthogonal sp 3-Ge/B Bimetallic Modules: Enantioselective Construction and Enantiospecific Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317284. [PMID: 38342760 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a series of enantioenriched sp3-Ge/B bimetallic modules were successfully synthesized via an enantioselective copper-catalyzed hydroboration of carbagermatrane (Ge)-containing alkenes. Orthogonal cross-coupling selectivity under different Pd-catalyzed conditions was achieved in an enantiospecific manner. Notably, the chiral secondary Ge exhibited a remarkable transmetallation ability prior to primary or secondary Bpin. The effectiveness of this Ge/B bimetallic strategy was further demonstrated through the development of new functional small molecules with Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) and Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) performance. This represents the first successful example of synthesis of enantioenriched alkylgermanium reagents that permit enantiospecific cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Tao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Long An
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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8
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Peng PK, Donald CP, Dong Z, May JA. Photoactivation of Hydrazones for the Synthesis of Diarylalkanes and Trialkylmethylboronates: The Key Role Played by Soluble Base. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38602322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of diaryl alkanes and tertiary organoboronates via Barluenga coupling at room temperature occurred via photoactivated conversion of aryl sulfonyl hydrazones to diazo compounds in the presence of soluble bases. The combination of arylsulfonyl hydrazone and a soluble base is necessary to provide a near-UV chromophore. Using aromatic hydrazones and aromatic boronic acids resulted in rapid deboronation because of the instability of dibenzylic boron intermediates. Alkyl hydrazones allowed the isolation of derivatives of the tertiary boronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Fleming Building 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Clayton P Donald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Fleming Building 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Zhencheng Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Fleming Building 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Jeremy A May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Fleming Building 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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9
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Chen F, Zhao XX, Zhang HT, Ma YN, Chen X. Facile Friedel-Crafts alkylation of arenes under solvent-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2187-2191. [PMID: 38391292 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation of arenes is an important part of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. However, the reactivity of arenes is weakened by electron-withdrawing substituents, leading to limited substrate scopes and applications. Herein, we developed an efficient HOTf-promoted Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of broad arenes with α-aryl-α-diazoesters under metal-free and solvent-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijing Chen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Hao-Tian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Yan-Na Ma
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Xuenian Chen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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10
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An B, Cui H, Zheng C, Chen JL, Lan F, You SL, Zhang X. Tunable C-H functionalization and dearomatization enabled by an organic photocatalyst. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4114-4120. [PMID: 38487217 PMCID: PMC10935768 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00120f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
C-H functionalization and dearomatization constitute fundamental transformations of aromatic compounds, which find wide applications in various research areas. However, achieving both transformations from the same substrates with a single catalyst by operating a distinct mechanism remains challenging. Here, we report a photocatalytic strategy to modulate the reaction pathways that can be directed toward either C-H functionalization or dearomatization under redox-neutral or net-reductive conditions, respectively. Two sets of indoles and indolines bearing tertiary alcohols are divergently furnished with good yields and high selectivity. The key to success is the introduction of isoazatruxene ITN-2 as a novel photocatalyst (PC), which outperforms the commonly used PCs. The ready synthesis and high modulability of isoazatruxene type PCs indicate their great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohang An
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Hao Cui
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ji-Lin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Feng Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
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11
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Junaid M, Happy S, Yadagiri D. Light-induced arylation (alkylation) of N-sulfonylhydrazones with boronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2796-2799. [PMID: 38362736 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Di- and triarylmethanes are an important class of compounds in many fields. Here, we report an efficient light-induced arylation (alkylation) for the synthesis of diarylmethanes, bis(diarylmethyl)benzenes, arylalkylmethanes, and triarylmethanes from readily accessible N-sulfonylhydrazones and aryl/alkylboronic acids with the aid of Cs2CO3. In the presence of light, the synthesis of diarylmethanes was also achieved from aldehydes in a one-pot manner via a three-component approach in good yields. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the synthetic utility by synthesizing organoboron compounds and 2°-alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Junaid
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sharma Happy
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Dongari Yadagiri
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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12
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Yamamoto Y, Tadano R, Yasui T. Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Trifluoromethylated Tertiary Benzhydrols via Hydrogen-Acceptor-Free Ir-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative C-H Silylation: Decisive Role of the Trifluoromethyl Group. JACS AU 2024; 4:807-815. [PMID: 38425931 PMCID: PMC10900501 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Although the trifluoromethyl (CF3) group is one of the most important fluorinated groups owing to its significant ability to modulate pharmacological properties, constructing trifluoromethylated stereogenic centers in an enantioselective manner has been a formidable challenge. Herein, we report the development of the enantioselective desymmetrization of trifluoromethylated benzhydrols via intramolecular dehydrogenative silylation using Ir catalysts with chiral pyridine-oxazoline (PyOX) ligands. The produced benzoxasilol was transformed into several unsymmetrical benzhydrols via iododesilylation and subsequent transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Moreover, the same Ir catalyst system was used for the kinetic resolution of unsymmetrical trifluoromethylated benzhydrols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal
Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryu Tadano
- Department of Basic Medicinal
Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasui
- Department of Basic Medicinal
Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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13
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Kanwal A, Afzal U, Zubair M, Imran M, Rasool N. Synthesis of anti-depressant molecules via metal-catalyzed reactions: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6948-6971. [PMID: 38410364 PMCID: PMC10895647 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06391g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most mutilating conditions in the world today. It has been difficult to make advancements toward better, more effective therapies since the introduction of antidepressant medicines in the late 1950s. One important field of medicinal chemistry is the synthesis of antidepressant molecules through metal-catalyzed procedures. The important role that different transition metals, including iron, nickel, ruthenium, and others, serve as catalysts in the synthesis of antidepressants is examined in this review. Key structural motifs included in antidepressant drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and others can be synthesized in a variety of effective ways using metal-catalyzed steps. This review examines current developments in the catalytic synthesis of antidepressants and their potential application over the previous thirteen years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan +92-3085448384
| | - Uzma Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan +92-3085448384
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan +92-3085448384
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan +92-3085448384
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14
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Azeem MZ, Dubey MS, Islam MSA, Mandal PK. An Open-Air Palladium-Catalyzed Stereoselective O-Glycosylation of Glycals via in-situ Generation of gem-Disubstituted Methanols from p-Quinone Methides. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301013. [PMID: 38133606 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We devised a palladium-catalyzed α-stereoselective glycosylation that incorporates oxygen via in-situ generation of gem-disubstituted methanols from p-quinone methides to access 2,3-unsaturated gem-diarylmethyl O-glycosides under open-air atmosphere at room temperature. Advantages of this environmentally friendly strategy include the absence of additives and ligands, using water as the green source of oxygen, mildest, operationally simple, exhibiting a wide functional group tolerance, and compatibility with a variety of glycal progenitors in appreciable yields. A mechanistic study has been verified via H2 18 O labeling, which validates that water (moisture) is a sole source of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ms Zanjila Azeem
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226 031, India
- Chemical Science, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ms Shashiprabha Dubey
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Mr Sk Areful Islam
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226 031, India
- Chemical Science, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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15
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Huang C, Xiao P, Ye ZM, Wang CL, Kang C, Tang S, Wei Z, Cai H. Direct C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Unprotected Benzyl Anilines and Alkylarenes by Organocatalysis under Visible Light. Org Lett 2024; 26:304-309. [PMID: 38165162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reported herein is direct C(sp3)-H arylation of unprotected benzyl anilines and alkylarenes via consecutive photoinduced electron transfer by visible light irradiation. Reductive quenching cycles and radical-radical cross-coupling were involved, and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments provide evidence for the formation of radical intermediates formed in situ. The protocol highlights transition metal free, external oxidant free, broad substrate scope, and high efficiency (>60 examples, up to 96%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ming Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Lu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
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16
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Mayerhofer VJ, Lippolis M, Teskey CJ. Dual-Catalysed Intermolecular Reductive Coupling of Dienes and Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314870. [PMID: 37947372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a mild, catalytic method for the intermolecular reductive coupling of feedstock dienes and styrenes with ketones. Our conditions allow concomitant formation of a cobalt hydride species and single-electron reduction of ketones. Subsequent selective hydrogen-atom transfer from the cobalt hydride generates an allylic radical which can selectively couple with the persistent radical-anion of the ketone. This radical-radical coupling negates unfavourable steric interactions of ionic pathways and avoids the unstable alkoxy radical of previous radical olefin-carbonyl couplings, which were limited, as a result, to aldehydes. Applications of this novel and straightforward approach include the efficient synthesis of drug molecules, key intermediates in drug synthesis and site-selective late-stage functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Mayerhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Lippolis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christopher J Teskey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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Qi SS, Sun XP, Sun YB, Zhai JJ, Wang YF, Chu MM, Xu DQ. Synthesis of Chiral Diarylmethylamides via Catalytic Asymmetric Aza-Michael Addition of Amides to ortho-Quinomethanes. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38181049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Chiral diarylmethylamides are a privileged skeleton in many bioactive molecules. However, the enantioselective synthesis of such molecules remains a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, we report a chiral bifunctional squaramide catalyzed asymmetric aza-Michael addition of amides to in situ generated ortho-quinomethanes, affording enantioenriched diarylmethylamides in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. This work not only provides a new strategy for the construction of the diarylmethylamides but also represents the practicability of amides as nitrogen-nucleophiles in asymmetric organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo-Suo Qi
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Sun
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Biao Sun
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhai
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Ming Chu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Qian Xu
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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18
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Bai PB, Durie A, Wang GW, Larrosa I. Unlocking regioselective meta-alkylation with epoxides and oxetanes via dynamic kinetic catalyst control. Nat Commun 2024; 15:31. [PMID: 38167324 PMCID: PMC10761682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Regioselective arene C-H bond alkylation is a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry, yet subject to many challenges. Herein, we report the meta-C-H bond alkylation of aromatics bearing N-directing groups using (hetero)aromatic epoxides as alkylating agents. This method results in complete regioselectivity on both the arene as well as the epoxide coupling partners, cleaving exclusively the benzylic C-O bond. Oxetanes, which are normally unreactive, also participate as alkylating reagents under the reaction conditions. Our mechanistic studies reveal an unexpected reversible epoxide ring opening process undergoing catalyst-controlled regioselection, as key for the observed high regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Bo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Alastair Durie
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gang-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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19
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Binayeva M, Ma X, Ghaemimohammadi P, Biscoe MR. A general approach to stereospecific Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of benzylic stereocenters. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14124-14130. [PMID: 38098708 PMCID: PMC10717501 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04519f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a general process for the formation of enantioenriched benzylic stereocenters via stereospecific Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of enantioenriched benzylic tricyclohexyltin nucleophiles. This process proceeds with excellent stereospecificity for a remarkably broad scope of electrophilic coupling partners including aryl and heteroaryl halides and triflates, acid chlorides, thioesters, chloroformates, and carbamoyl chlorides. Thus, enantioenriched 1,1-diarylalkanes as well as formal products of asymmetric enolate arylation are readily accessed using this approach. We additionally provide the first demonstration of a Sn-selective cross-coupling reaction using a vicinal alkylborylstannane nucleophile. In these reactions, the presence of cyclohexyl spectator ligands on tin is essential to ensure selective transfer of the secondary benzylic unit from tin to palladium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meruyert Binayeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York (CCNY) New York NY 10031 USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York (CCNY) New York NY 10031 USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Pejman Ghaemimohammadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York (CCNY) New York NY 10031 USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Mark R Biscoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York (CCNY) New York NY 10031 USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
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20
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Shui Y, Imran S, Jin WH, Liu Y, Ismaeel N, Sun HM. Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselectivity-Switchable Hydroheteroarylation of Vinylarenes with Electron-Rich Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38059777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the first example of a regioselectivity switch in the hydroheteroarylation of vinylarenes with electron-rich heteroarenes, including benzofurans, benzothiophenes, and indoles, using an expedient ligand-controlled strategy. In the presence of NaOtBu, Ni(IMesMe)[P(OEt)3]Br2 yields C2-alkylated heteroarenes with high branched selectivity, whereas the use of Ni(IPr*OMe)[P(OEt)3]Br2 favors the formation of the corresponding linear products. This robust method also provides easy access to a range of C2-alkylated electron-rich heteroarenes without employing directing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shui
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sajid Imran
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Nadia Ismaeel
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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21
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Zhou C, Huang M, Yao Y, Chen C, Yi X, Yang KF, Lai GQ, Xuan W, Zhang P. Transition-metal-free and additive-free intermolecular hydroarylation of alkenes with indoles in hexafluoroisopropanol. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 38009332 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01570j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydroarylation of alkenes is one of the most straightforward and atom-economical strategy for the construction of multi-aryl-substituted alkanes, but systematic studies have been limited to transition metal catalysis. Here we report a hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)-promoted hydroarylation of alkenes with indoles without the presence of transition metal catalysts or any additive. HFIP was the only reagent used in this work, and could be easily removed via evaporation, and recovered via distillation in industry settings. This reaction was shown to provide an efficient, clean and operationally simple procedure with a remarkable substrate scope and versatile transformations, delivering a variety of multi-aryl alkanes incorporating the indole motif. In preliminary studies, several of these products showed biologically activity against cells from an array of human cancer cell lines. A mechanistic study was also carried out and suggested that the quinone methide might be the key intermediate. And in contrast to the conclusions of a previous report, the current work suggested that protonation by HFIP might not be the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Zhou
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Ming Huang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Xin Yi
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Ke-Fang Yang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Guo-Qiao Lai
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Wenjing Xuan
- Westlake University, School of Engineering, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Pinglu Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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22
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Saini D, Jangid D, Fernandes RA. Asymmetric total synthesis of diosniponols A and B. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6524-6530. [PMID: 37523207 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00863k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A concise asymmetric total synthesis of diosniponols A and B has been achieved based on an enantioselective Jacobsen kinetic resolution of racemic epoxide and the important 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one moiety being installed by the metal-free δ-hydroxyalkynone rearrangement catalyzed by p-TsOH. A diastereoselective catalytic hydrogenation set the required all-syn stereochemistry leading to diosniponol A, which then, under the Mitsunobu inversion conditions, provided diosniponol B. The structure and absolute stereochemistry of the natural products were further confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Dashrath Jangid
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Rodney A Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
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23
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Wei J, Gandon V, Zhu Y. Amino Acid-Derived Ionic Chiral Catalysts Enable Desymmetrizing Cross-Coupling to Remote Acyclic Quaternary Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16796-16811. [PMID: 37471696 PMCID: PMC10401725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic application of asymmetric catalysis relies on strategic alignment of bond construction to creation of chirality of a target molecule. Remote desymmetrization offers distinctive advantages of spatial decoupling of catalytic transformation and generation of a stereogenic element. However, such spatial separation presents substantial difficulties for the chiral catalyst to discriminate distant enantiotopic sites through a reaction three or more bonds away from a prochirality center. Here, we report a strategy that establishes acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters through cross-coupling reactions at distal positions of aryl substituents. The new class of amino acid-derived ionic chiral catalysts enables desymmetrizing (enantiotopic-group-selective) Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, Sonogashira reaction, and Buchwald-Hartwig amination between diverse diarylmethane scaffolds and aryl, alkynyl, and amino coupling partners, providing rapid access to enantioenriched molecules that project substituents to widely spaced positions in the three-dimensional space. Experimental and computational investigations reveal electrostatic steering of substrates by the C-terminus of chiral ligands through ionic interactions. Cooperative ion-dipole interactions between the catalyst's amide group and potassium cation aid in the preorganization that transmits asymmetry to the product. This study demonstrates that it is practical to achieve precise long-range stereocontrol through engineering the spatial arrangements of the ionic catalysts' substrate-recognizing groups and metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Paris-Saclay University, bâtiment Hesnri Moissan, 17 avenue des sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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24
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Zhang Y, Sun X, Su JH, Li T, Du C, Li K, Sun Q, Zha Z, Wang Z. Switchable Direct Oxygenative Arylation of C(sp 3)-H Bonds via Electrophotocatalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:5067-5072. [PMID: 37387463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free electrophotochemical C(sp3)-H arylation was developed under mild conditions. This method enables a switchable synthesis of diaryl alcohols and diaryl alkanes from inactive benzylic carbons. More importantly, a cheap and safe mediator N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) was developed, which was employed for the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process of the benzylic C-H bond. In addition, this active radical was captured and identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ji-Hu Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tong Li
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chengbin Du
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhenggen Zha
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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25
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Lutovsky GA, Gockel SN, Bundesmann MW, Bagley SW, Yoon TP. Iron-mediated modular decarboxylative cross-nucleophile coupling. Chem 2023; 9:1610-1621. [PMID: 37637494 PMCID: PMC10449378 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are valuable building blocks for pharmaceutical discovery because of their chemical stability, commercial availability, and structural diversity. Decarboxylative coupling reactions enable versatile functionalization of these feedstock chemicals, but many of the most general methods require prefunctionalization of carboxylic acids with redox-active moieties. These internal oxidants can be costly, their installation impedes rapid library synthesis, and their use results in environmentally problematic organic byproducts. We report herein a method for the direct decarboxylative cross-coupling of native carboxylic acids with nucleophilic coupling partners mediated by inexpensive, terrestrially abundant, and nontoxic Fe(III) salts. This method involves an initial photochemical decarboxylation followed by radical-polar crossover, which enables the construction of diverse carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen, and carbon-nitrogen bonds with remarkable generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Lutovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Samuel N. Gockel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Boulevard, Pueblo, CO 81001, USA
| | | | - Scott W. Bagley
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Tehshik P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Lead contact
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26
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Saunthwal RK, Schwarz M, Mallick RK, Terry-Wright W, Clayden J. Enantioselective Intramolecular α-Arylation of Benzylamine Derivatives: Synthesis of a Precursor to Levocetirizine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216758. [PMID: 36698284 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A practical, transition metal-free method allows the enantioselective synthesis of α,α-diarylmethylamines by asymmetric α-arylation of benzylamines. Enantioselective lithiation of N'-aryl-N-benzyl-N-isopropyl ureas using a chiral lithium amide base generates a benzyllithium that undergoes an unactivated stereospecific intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution to generate an α,α-diarylmethylamine in the form of its urea derivative, in up to >99 % ee. Treatment with acid induces an "azatropic shift" with retention of configuration, the product of which may be hydrolysed to the target amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Saunthwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Maria Schwarz
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Rajendra K Mallick
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - William Terry-Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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27
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Dhanaji JR, Samatha P, Raju S, Mainkar PS, Adepu R, Chandrasekhar S. Substitution controlled aryne insertion: synthesis of diarylmethane/chromones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2648-2651. [PMID: 36779483 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05992d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aryne insertion reaction with 2-aroyl malonates/cyanoesters lead to the formation of diarylmethane or chromones depending on the substitution on the aryne ring. The presence of an electronegative atom at the ortho position of arynes generates chromones, whereas other arynes lead to the formation of diarylmethanes, via a cascade double aryne insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadhav Rahul Dhanaji
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Polasani Samatha
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Silver Raju
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prathama S Mainkar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raju Adepu
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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28
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Guo X, Shi Z, Zhang FH, Wang Z. Cr-Catalyzed Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Reductive Couplings of Ketones and Propargyl Halides. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zhaoxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Feng-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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29
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Sookezian A, Molander GA. Photoinduced Vicinal 1,2-Difunctionalization of Olefins for the Synthesis of Alkyl Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2023; 25:1014-1019. [PMID: 36745531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl sulfonamides are an important class of bioactive molecules. Historical syntheses have relied on multistep sequences incorporating harsh reaction conditions. Photochemical methods have been limited to hydrosulfamoylation, installing only one substituent across an olefin. Herein, radical/polar crossover (RPC) is used to establish the first multicomponent 1,2-difunctionalization reaction incorporating a sulfonamide moiety and a second reaction partner. This protocol, exemplified on a range of olefins, utilizes various commercial sulfamoyl chlorides and organotrifluoroborates as coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasheh Sookezian
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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30
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Azeem Z, Mandal PK. Atom-Economic Synthesis of Unsymmetrical gem-Diarylmethylthio/Seleno Glycosides via Base Mediated C(O)-S/Se Bond Cleavage and Acyl Transfer Approach of Glycosylthio/Selenoacetates. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1695-1712. [PMID: 36633914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we invented the Cs2CO3-mediated atom economic method that streamlines the scission of the C(O)-S/Se bond involving the in situ generation of an anomeric thiolate/selenolate anion, which reacted with p-QMs to yield novel unsymmetrical gem-diarylmethylthio/seleno glycosides while retaining the anomeric stereochemistry. Notably, the key features of this protocol involve unprecedented long-range acyl transfer (from S/Se to O), thus affording acylation of the final product which is not yet reported by classical methods. This straightforward protocol offers a mild, short reaction time, synthetically simple approach, and compatibility with 8 types of sugar along with phenylthio/benzylseleno esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanjila Azeem
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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31
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Ge Z, Lu B, Teng H, Wang X. Efficient Synthesis of Diaryl Quaternary Centers by Rh(II)/Xantphos Catalyzed Relay C-H Functionalization and Allylic Alkylation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202820. [PMID: 36239082 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A three-component reaction of N, N-disubstituted aniline, α-diazo ester, and an allylic electrophile has been realized by [Rh(II)]2 /Xantphos catalysis, providing a direct access to various aniline derivatives bearing diaryl allylic quaternary centers in good yields. The synthetic utility of this protocol was demonstrated by facile derivatization of the products for preparation of biologically relevant molecules and structural scaffolds, which offers a high potential for increasing the molecular diversity. Mechanistic studies identified α, α-diarylacetate species as an active intermediate, thereby revealing the presence of a C(sp2 )-H functionalization of aniline derivatives/allylic alkylation cascade in this attractive catalytic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Ge
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Avenue, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Huailong Teng
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Avenue, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
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32
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Onur S, Çeşme M, Köse M, Tümer F. New imino-methoxy derivatives: design, synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity, DNA interaction and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11082-11094. [PMID: 34355663 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1955741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Four new diarylmethylamine imine compounds (5a-5d) were prepared in order to examine their DNA binding properties, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking. The compounds were characterized by the common spectroscopic and analytic methods. Furthermore, solid-state structure of compounds 5a and 5c were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The compounds were then investigated for their DNA binding properties employing UV absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy under the physiological pH condition Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.4. The compounds 5a-5d showed moderate binding constants with Kb values of 3.56 ± 0.3 × 104, 2.18 ± 0.2 × 105, 1.44 ± 0.3 × 105 and 2.56 ± 0.3 × 104 M-1, respectively. The molecular dockings were performed to investigate the ligand-DNA interactions. The in-silico DNA-compound interaction studies showed that the compounds interact with DNA in groove binding mode. Antimicrobial activity studies of imine compounds were tested against E. coli as bacteria, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, B. cereus, B. subtilis, and C. albicans as fungi. While all compounds show moderate activity against bacteria, no activity against fungi has been investigated.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Onur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çeşme
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Köse
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Ferhan Tümer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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33
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Ji CL, Han J, Li T, Zhao CG, Zhu C, Xie J. Photoinduced gold-catalyzed divergent dechloroalkylation of gem-dichloroalkanes. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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1,6-Conjugate addition of para-quinone methides using gem-diborylcarbanions: Practical access to gem-diborylalkanes bearing vicinal tertiary/quaternary stereocenters. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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35
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Imran S, Jin WH, Li RP, Ismaeel N, Sun HM. Ligand-Controlled Nickel-Catalyzed Tandem Isomerization/Regiodivergent Hydroheteroarylation of α-Alkenes with Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:8875-8879. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Imran
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wen-Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Rui-Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Nadia Ismaeel
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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36
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Bergamaschi E, Mayerhofer VJ, Teskey CJ. Light-Driven Cobalt Hydride Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Styrenes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Bergamaschi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Victor J. Mayerhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Teskey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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37
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Ligand-enabled Ni-catalyzed hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of internal alkenes with organoborons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6878. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe transition metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of alkenes offers an efficient solution for the rapid construction of complex functional molecules, and significant progress has been made during last decades. However, the hydrofunctionalization of internal alkenes remains a significant challenge due to low reactivity and the difficulties of controlling the regioselectivity. Here, we report the hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of internal alkenes lacking a directing group with aryl and alkenyl boronic acids in the presence of a nickel catalyst, featuring a broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance under redox-neutral conditions. The key to achieving this reaction is the identification of a bulky 1-adamantyl β-diketone ligand, which is capable of overcoming the low reactivity of internal 1,2-disubstituted alkenes. Preliminary mechanistic studies unveiled that this reaction undergoes an Ar-Ni(II)-H initiated hydroarylation process, which is generated by the oxidative addition of alcoholic solvent with Ni(0) species and sequential transmetalation. In addition, the oxidative addition of the alcoholic solvent proves to be the turnover-limiting step.
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38
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Zhang Z, Tan X, Sui A, Zhang B, Zhang Y. DBU-catalyzed 1,6-addition of quinazolinones and quinolones to para‑quinone methides. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Torres JAG, Lau SH, Anchuri P, Stevens JM, Tabora JE, Li J, Borovika A, Adams RP, Doyle AG. A Multi-Objective Active Learning Platform and Web App for Reaction Optimization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19999-20007. [PMID: 36260788 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of an open-source experimental design via Bayesian optimization platform for multi-objective reaction optimization. Using high-throughput experimentation (HTE) and virtual screening data sets containing high-dimensional continuous and discrete variables, we optimized the performance of the platform by fine-tuning the algorithm components such as reaction encodings, surrogate model parameters, and initialization techniques. Having established the framework, we applied the optimizer to real-world test scenarios for the simultaneous optimization of the reaction yield and enantioselectivity in a Ni/photoredox-catalyzed enantioselective cross-electrophile coupling of styrene oxide with two different aryl iodide substrates. Starting with no previous experimental data, the Bayesian optimizer identified reaction conditions that surpassed the previously human-driven optimization campaigns within 15 and 24 experiments, for each substrate, among 1728 possible configurations available in each optimization. To make the platform more accessible to nonexperts, we developed a graphical user interface (GUI) that can be accessed online through a web-based application and incorporated features such as condition modification on the fly and data visualization. This web application does not require software installation, removing any programming barrier to use the platform, which enables chemists to integrate Bayesian optimization routines into their everyday laboratory practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sii Hong Lau
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Pranay Anchuri
- Center of Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jason M Stevens
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Jose E Tabora
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Alina Borovika
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Ryan P Adams
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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40
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Liu X, Tang Z, Si Z, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Liu L. Enantioselective
para
‐C(sp
2
)−H Functionalization of Alkyl Benzene Derivatives via Cooperative Catalysis of Gold/Chiral Brønsted Acid**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208874. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun‐Shen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiong Tang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Yao Si
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development East China Normal University 3663N Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
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41
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Hu R, Yuan Y, Gu M, Zou YQ. Recent advances in chiral aggregation-induced emission fluorogens. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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42
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Shao H, Zhao Y, Wang S, Chen R, Zhou JS, Wu X. Reductive-Delay Heck 1,1-Diarylation of Terminal Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:6520-6524. [PMID: 36047988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed chemo- and regiocontrollable 1,1-diarylation of unactivated aliphatic alkenes with two aryl halides was developed. Under the cationic reductive-delay Heck pathway, the first aryl insertion is followed by β-H elimination, while the second aryl insertion is terminated by C-H bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Shao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shuangqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rizhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jianrong Steve Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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43
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Chen M, Montgomery J. Nickel-Catalyzed Intermolecular Enantioselective Heteroaromatic C–H Alkylation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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44
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Wang T, Chen X, Zhu D, Chung LW, Xu M. Rhodium(I) Carbene‐Promoted Enantioselective C−H Functionalization of Simple Unprotected Indoles, Pyrroles and Heteroanalogues: New Mechanistic Insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207008. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiao‐Xuan Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Dong‐Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ming‐Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
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45
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Liu XS, Tang Z, Si ZY, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Liu L. Enantioselective para‐C(sp2)−H Functionalization of Alkyl Benzene Derivatives via Cooperative Catalysis of Gold/Chiral Brønsted Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Shen Liu
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhiqiong Tang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhi-Yao Si
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Lei Zhao
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Lu Liu
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering 500 Dongchuan Road 200241 Shanghai CHINA
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46
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Shennan BDA, Berheci D, Crompton JL, Davidson TA, Field JL, Williams BA, Dixon DJ. Branching out: redox strategies towards the synthesis of acyclic α-tertiary ethers. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5878-5929. [PMID: 35770619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acyclic α-tertiary ethers represent a highly prevalent functionality, common to high-value bioactive molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and natural products, and feature as crucial synthetic handles in their construction. As such their synthesis has become an ever-more important goal in synthetic chemistry as the drawbacks of traditional strong base- and acid-mediated etherifications have become more limiting. In recent years, the generation of highly reactive intermediates via redox approaches has facilitated the synthesis of highly sterically-encumbered ethers and accordingly these strategies have been widely applied in α-tertiary ether synthesis. This review summarises and appraises the state-of-the-art in the application of redox strategies enabling acyclic α-tertiary ether synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D A Shennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Diana Berheci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Jessica L Crompton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Timothy A Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Joshua L Field
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Benedict A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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47
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Luo W, Zhang LM, Zhang ZM, Zhang J. Synthesis of W-Phos Ligand and Its Application in the Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Linear Grignard Reagents to Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204443. [PMID: 35555954 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric catalytic addition of linear Grignard reagents to ketones has been a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, a novel family of PNP ligands (W-Phos) was designed and applied in copper-catalyzed asymmetric addition of linear Grignard reagents to aryl alkyl ketones, allowing facile access to versatile chiral tertiary alcohols in good to high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 94 % yield, 96 % ee). The process can also be used to synthesize chiral allylic tertiary alcohols from more challenging α,β-unsaturated ketones. Notably, the potential utility of this method is demonstrated in the gram-scale synthesis and modification of various densely functionalized medicinally relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.,Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin NewArea, Zhuhai, 519000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.,Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin NewArea, Zhuhai, 519000, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, P. R. China
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48
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Xu MH, Wang TY, Chen XX, Zhu DX, Chung LW. Rhodium(I) Carbene‐Promoted Enantioselective C‐H Functionalization of Simple Unprotected Indoles, Pyrroles and Heteroanalogues: New Mechanistic Insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Xu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry No. 1088, Xueyuan Road 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Tian-Yi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Drug Research CHINA
| | - Xiao-Xuan Chen
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Dong-Xing Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Drug Research CHINA
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
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49
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Yan Q, Duan M, Chen C, Deng Z, Wu M, Yu P, He ML, Zhu G, Houk KN, Sun J. Organocatalytic discrimination of non-directing aryl and heteroaryl groups: enantioselective synthesis of bioactive indole-containing triarylmethanes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5767-5773. [PMID: 35694360 PMCID: PMC9116282 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00636g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous developments in asymmetric catalysis, the basis for asymmetric induction is largely limited to the spatial interaction between the substrate and catalyst. Consequently, asymmetric discrimination between two sterically similar groups remains a challenge. This is particularly formidable for enantiodifferentiation between two aryl groups without a directing group or electronic manipulation. Here we address this challenge by using a robust organocatalytic system leading to excellent enantioselection between aryl and heteroaryl groups. With versatile 2-indole imine methide as the platform, an excellent combination of a superb chiral phosphoric acid and the optimal hydride source provided efficient access to a range of highly enantioenriched indole-containing triarylmethanes. Control experiments and kinetic studies provided important insights into the mechanism. DFT calculations also indicated that while hydrogen bonding is important for activation, the key interaction for discrimination of the two aryl groups is mainly π-π stacking. Preliminary biological studies also demonstrated the great potential of these triarylmethanes for anticancer and antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Meng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Cien Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China,
- CityU Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen China
| | - Zhiqing Deng
- CityU Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Mandi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China,
- CityU Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China,
- CityU Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- CityU Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd Shenzhen 518057 China
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50
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Zhang J, Luo W, Zhang LM, Zhang ZM. Design and Synthesis of W‐Phos and Application in Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Linear Grignard Reagents to Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhang
- Fudan University Department of Chemistry 200062 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Fudan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
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