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Kohal R, Bisht P, Gupta GD, Verma SK. Targeting JAK2/STAT3 for the treatment of cancer: A review on recent advancements in molecular development using structural analysis and SAR investigations. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107095. [PMID: 38211548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is indeed considered a hazardous and potentially life-threatening disorder. The JAK/STAT pathway is an important intracellular signaling cascade essential for many physiological functions, such as immune response, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Dysregulation of this pathway aids in the progression and development of cancer. The downstream JAK2/STAT3 signaling cascades are legitimate targets against which newer anticancer drugs can be developed to prevent and treat cancer. Understanding the mechanisms behind JAK2/STAT3 participation in cancer has paved the way for developing innovative targeted medicines with the potential to improve cancer treatment outcomes. This article provides information on the current scenario and recent advancements in the design and development of anticancer drugs targeting JAK2/STAT3, including structural analysis and SAR investigations of synthesized molecules. Numerous preclinical and clinical trials are ongoing on these inhibitors, which are highlighted to gain more insight into the broader development prospects of inhibitors of JAK2/STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Kohal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India.
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De Novo Design of Imidazopyridine-Tethered Pyrazolines That Target Phosphorylation of STAT3 in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020159. [PMID: 36829653 PMCID: PMC9952374 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer (BC), STAT3 is hyperactivated. This study explored the design of imidazopyridine-tethered pyrazolines as a de novo drug strategy for inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation in human BC cells. This involved the synthesis and characterization of two series of compounds namely, 1-(3-(2,6-dimethylimidazo [1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-5-(3-nitrophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-(4-(substituted)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone and N-substituted-3-(2,6-dimethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-5-(3-nitrophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoline-1-carbothioamides. Compound 3f with 2,3-dichlorophenyl substitution was recognized among the tested series as a lead structure that inhibited the viability of MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 9.2 μM. A dose- and time-dependent inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 and Ser727 was observed in MCF-7 and T47D cells when compound 3f was added in vitro. Calculations using density functional theory showed that the title compounds HOMOs and LUMOs are situated on imidazopyridine-pyrazoline and nitrophenyl rings, respectively. Hence, compound 3f effectively inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation in MCF-7 and T47D cells, indicating that these structures may be an alternative synthon to target STAT3 signaling in BC.
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Sulaiman NBS, Mohan CD, Basappa, Pandey V, Rangappa S, Bharathkumar H, Kumar AP, Lobie PE, Rangappa KS. An azaspirane derivative suppresses growth and induces apoptosis of ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cells through the modulation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1221-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Baburajeev CP, Mohan CD, Patil GS, Rangappa S, Pandey V, Sebastian A, Fuchs JE, Bender A, Lobie PE, Basappa B, Rangappa KS. Nano-cuprous oxide catalyzed one-pot synthesis of a carbazole-based STAT3 inhibitor: a facile approach via intramolecular C–N bond formation reactions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01906d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the one-pot synthesis of substituted carbazole derivatives using nano cuprous oxide as a catalyst and demonstrated the STAT3 inhibitory activity of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. P. Baburajeev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Bangalore University
- Bangalore 560001
- India
| | | | | | - Shobith Rangappa
- Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0808
- Japan
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117599
| | - Anusha Sebastian
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Bangalore University
- Bangalore 560001
- India
| | - Julian E. Fuchs
- Centre for Molecular Informatics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117599
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Bangalore University
- Bangalore 560001
- India
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Keerthy HK, Mohan CD, Siveen KS, Fuchs JE, Rangappa S, Sundaram MS, Li F, Girish KS, Sethi G, Basappa, Bender A, Rangappa KS. Novel synthetic biscoumarins target tumor necrosis factor-α in hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31879-31890. [PMID: 25231984 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF is a pleotropic cytokine known to be involved in the progression of several pro-inflammatory disorders. Many therapeutic agents have been designed to counteract the effect of TNF in rheumatoid arthritis as well as a number of cancers. In the present study we have synthesized and evaluated the anti-cancer activity of novel biscoumarins in vitro and in vivo. Among new compounds, BIHC was found to be the most cytotoxic agent against the HepG2 cell line while exhibiting less toxicity toward normal hepatocytes. Furthermore, BIHC inhibited the proliferation of various hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Subsequently, using in silico target prediction, BIHC was predicted as a TNF blocker. Experimental validation was able to confirm this hypothesis, where BIHC could significantly inhibit the recombinant mouse TNF-α binding to its antibody with an IC50 of 16.5 μM. Furthermore, in silico docking suggested a binding mode of BIHC similar to a ligand known to disrupt the native, trimeric structure of TNF, and also validated with molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, we have demonstrated the down-regulation of p65 phosphorylation and other NF-κB-regulated gene products upon BIHC treatment, and on the phenotypic level the compound shows inhibition of CXCL12-induced invasion of HepG2 cells. Also, we demonstrate that BIHC inhibits infiltration of macrophages to the peritoneal cavity and suppresses the activity of TNF-α in vivo in mice primed with thioglycollate broth and lipopolysaccharide. We comprehensively validated the TNF-α inhibitory efficacy of BIHC in an inflammatory bowel disease mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosadurga Kumar Keerthy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Palace Road, Bangalore 560 001, India
| | | | - Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117 597
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- Unilever Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Interdisciplinary Research Group of Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore 138 602, and
| | - Mahalingam S Sundaram
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, India
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117 597
| | - Kesturu S Girish
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117 597,; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117 599
| | - Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Palace Road, Bangalore 560 001, India,.
| | - Andreas Bender
- Unilever Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom,.
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