1
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Oku Y, Nakajima N, Hamada M, Koyama Y. Dansylated Nitrile N-Oxide as the Fluorescent Dye Clickable to Unsaturated Bonds without Catalyst. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400092. [PMID: 38311590 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent polymeric materials have been exploited in the fields of aesthetical purposes, biomedical engineering, and three-dimensional printing applications. While the fluorescent materials are prepared by the polymerization of fluorescent monomer or the blending a fluorescent dye with common polymer, the covalent immobilization of fluorescent dye onto common polymers is not the practical technique. In this paper, dansylated nitrile N-oxide (Dansyl-NO) has been designed and synthesized to be a stable nitrile N-oxide as the derivative of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. While Dansyl-NO shows good reactivity to an alkene and an alkyne to give fluorescent Dansyl-Ene and Dansyl-Yne, respectively, it hardly reacts to a nitrile. The results indicate that Dansyl-NO serves as a fluorescent dye clickable to alkenes and alkynes. To know the effects of solvent on the fluorescent properties, the UV-vis and fluorescence spectra of Dansyl-Ene are measured in three solvents. Dansyl-Ene shows fluorescent solvatochromism, which appears to be red-shifted along with the increase in solvent polarity. Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) directly reacts with Dansyl-NO to give fluorescent modified SB. The emission spectrum of modified SB is blue-shifted compared with that of Dansyl-Ene. The blue-shift could be possibly attributed to the presence of less polar polymer skeleton around the dansyl moieties of modified SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Oku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakajima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Koyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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2
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Honeder SE, Tomin T, Schinagl M, Pfleger R, Hoehlschen J, Darnhofer B, Schittmayer M, Birner‐Gruenberger R. Research Advances Through Activity‐Based Lipid Hydrolase Profiling. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Elisabeth Honeder
- Research and Diagnostic Institute of Pathology Medical University of Graz Stiftingtalstraße 6 8036 Graz Austria
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics University of Technology Vienna Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Wien Austria
| | - Maximilian Schinagl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics University of Technology Vienna Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Wien Austria
| | - Raphael Pfleger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics University of Technology Vienna Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Wien Austria
| | - Julia Hoehlschen
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics University of Technology Vienna Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Wien Austria
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry Center for Medical Research Medical University of Graz Neue Stiftingtalstraße 24 8036 Graz Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics University of Technology Vienna Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Wien Austria
| | - Ruth Birner‐Gruenberger
- Research and Diagnostic Institute of Pathology Medical University of Graz Stiftingtalstraße 6 8036 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics University of Technology Vienna Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Wien Austria
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3
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Jörg M, Madden KS. The right tools for the job: the central role for next generation chemical probes and chemistry-based target deconvolution methods in phenotypic drug discovery. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:646-665. [PMID: 34124668 PMCID: PMC8152813 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00022e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconnection of the scientific community with phenotypic drug discovery has created exciting new possibilities to develop therapies for diseases with highly complex biology. It promises to revolutionise fields such as neurodegenerative disease and regenerative medicine, where the development of new drugs has consistently proved elusive. Arguably, the greatest challenge in readopting the phenotypic drug discovery approach exists in establishing a crucial chain of translatability between phenotype and benefit to patients in the clinic. This remains a key stumbling block for the field which needs to be overcome in order to fully realise the potential of phenotypic drug discovery. Excellent quality chemical probes and chemistry-based target deconvolution techniques will be a crucial part of this process. In this review, we discuss the current capabilities of chemical probes and chemistry-based target deconvolution methods and evaluate the next advances necessary in order to fully support phenotypic screening approaches in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Jörg
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University Bedson Building Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Katrina S Madden
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University Bedson Building Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
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4
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The role of chemical biology in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. Biochem J 2021; 478:157-177. [PMID: 33439990 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Since late 2019, biomedical labs all over the world have been struggling to cope with the 'new normal' and to find ways in which they can contribute to the fight against COVID-19. In this unique situation where a biomedical issue dominates people's lives and the news cycle, chemical biology has a great deal to contribute. This review will describe the importance of science at the chemistry/biology interface to both understand and combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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5
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Nie P, Vartak A, Li YM. γ-Secretase inhibitors and modulators: Mechanistic insights into the function and regulation of γ-Secretase. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 105:43-53. [PMID: 32249070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over two decades, γ-secretase has been the target for extensive therapeutic development due to its pivotal role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and cancer. However, it has proven to be a challenging task owing to its large set of substrates and our limited understanding of the enzyme's structural and mechanistic features. The scientific community is taking bigger strides towards solving this puzzle with recent advancement in techniques like cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and photo-affinity labelling (PAL). This review highlights the significance of the PAL technique with multiple examples of photo-probes developed from γ-secretase inhibitors and modulators. The binding of these probes into active and/or allosteric sites of the enzyme has provided crucial information on the γ-secretase complex and improved our mechanistic understanding of this protease. Combining the knowledge of function and regulation of γ-secretase will be a decisive factor in developing novel γ-secretase modulators and biological therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Nie
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Pharmacology program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Abhishek Vartak
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Pharmacology program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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6
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Olsson CR, Payette JN, Cheah JH, Movassaghi M. Synthesis of Potent Cytotoxic Epidithiodiketopiperazines Designed for Derivatization. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4648-4662. [PMID: 32126173 PMCID: PMC7127967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe our design, synthesis, and chemical study of a set of functional epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETPs) and evaluation of their activity against five human cancer cell lines. Our structure-activity relationship-guided substitution of ETP alkaloids offers versatile derivatization while maintaining potent anticancer activity, offering exciting opportunity for their use as there are no examples of complex and potently anticancer (nM) ETPs being directly used as conjugatable probes or warheads. Our synthetic solutions to strategically designed ETPs with functional linkers required advances in stereoselective late-stage oxidation and thiolation chemistry in complex settings, including the application of novel reagents for dihydroxylation and cis-sulfidation of diketopiperazines. We demonstrate that complex ETPs equipped with a strategically substituted azide functional group are readily derivatized to the corresponding ETP-triazoles without compromising anticancer activity. Our chemical stability studies of ETPs along with cytotoxic evaluation of our designed ETPs against A549, DU 145, HeLa, HCT 116, and MCF7 human cancer cell lines provide insights into the impact of structural features on potency and chemical stability, informing future utility of ETPs in chemical and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase R Olsson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joshua N Payette
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jaime H Cheah
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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7
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Li J, Wang B, Juba BM, Vazquez M, Kortum SW, Pierce BS, Pacheco M, Roberts L, Strohbach JW, Jones LH, Hett E, Thorarensen A, Telliez JB, Sharei A, Bunnage M, Gilbert JB. Microfluidic-Enabled Intracellular Delivery of Membrane Impermeable Inhibitors to Study Target Engagement in Human Primary Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2970-2974. [PMID: 29088528 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical screening is a major source of lead generation for novel targets. However, during the process of small molecule lead optimization, compounds with excellent biochemical activity may show poor cellular potency, making structure-activity relationships difficult to decipher. This may be due to low membrane permeability of the molecule, resulting in insufficient intracellular drug concentration. The Cell Squeeze platform increases permeability regardless of compound structure by mechanically disrupting the membrane, which can overcome permeability limitations and bridge the gap between biochemical and cellular studies. In this study, we show that poorly permeable Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are delivered into primary cells using Cell Squeeze, inhibiting up to 90% of the JAK pathway, while incubation of JAK inhibitors with or without electroporation had no significant effect. We believe this robust intracellular delivery approach could enable more effective lead optimization and deepen our understanding of target engagement by small molecules and functional probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bu Wang
- SQZ Biotechnologies, 134 Coolidge Avenue, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Brian M. Juba
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael Vazquez
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steve W. Kortum
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Betsy S. Pierce
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael Pacheco
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lee Roberts
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph W. Strohbach
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lyn H. Jones
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erik Hett
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Atli Thorarensen
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jean-Baptiste Telliez
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Armon Sharei
- SQZ Biotechnologies, 134 Coolidge Avenue, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Mark Bunnage
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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8
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White JD, Haley MM, DeRose VJ. Multifunctional Pt(II) Reagents: Covalent Modifications of Pt Complexes Enable Diverse Structural Variation and In-Cell Detection. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:56-66. [PMID: 26641880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the functionality of Pt-based reagents, several strategies have been developed that utilize Pt compounds modified with small, reactive handles. This Account encapsulates work done by us and other groups regarding the use of Pt(II) compounds with reactive handles for subsequent elaboration with fluorophores or other functional moieties. Described strategies include the incorporation of substituents for well-known condensation or nucleophilic displacement-type reactions and their use, for example, to tether spectroscopic handles to Pt reagents for in vivo investigation. Other chief uses of displacement-type reactions have included tethering various small molecules exhibiting pharmacological activity directly to Pt, thus adding synergistic effects. Click chemistry-based ligation techniques have also been applied, primarily with azide- and alkyne-appended Pt complexes. Orthogonally reactive click chemistry reactions have proven invaluable when more traditional nucleophilic displacement reactions induce side-reactivity with the Pt center or when systematic functionalization of a larger number of Pt complexes is desired. Additionally, a diverse assortment of Pt-fluorophore conjugates have been tethered via click chemistry conjugation. In addition to providing a convenient synthetic path for diversifying Pt compounds, the use of click-capable Pt complexes has proved a powerful strategy for postbinding covalent modification and detection with fluorescent probes. This strategy bypasses undesirable influences of the fluorophore camouflaged as reactivity due to Pt that may be present when detecting preattached Pt-fluorophore conjugates. Using postbinding strategies, Pt reagent distributions in HeLa and lung carcinoma (NCI-H460) cell cultures were observed with two different azide-modified Pt compounds, a monofunctional Pt(II)-acridine type and a difunctional Pt(II)-neutral complex. In addition, cellular distribution was observed with an alkyne-appended difunctional Pt(II)-neutral complex analogous in structure to the aforementioned difunctional azide-Pt(II) reagent. In all cases, significant accumulation of Pt in the nucleolus of cells was observed, in addition to broader localization in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell. Using the same strategy of postbinding click modification with fluorescent probes, Pt adducts were detected and roughly quantified on rRNA and tRNA from Pt-treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae; rRNA adducts were found to be relatively long-lived and not targeted for immediate degradation. Finally, the utility and feasibility of the alkyne-appended Pt(II) compound has been further demonstrated with a turn-on fluorophore, dansyl azide, in fluorescent detection of DNA in vitro. In all, these modifications utilizing reactive handles have allowed for the diversification of new Pt reagents, as well as providing cellular localization information on the modified Pt compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. White
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Victoria J. DeRose
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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9
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Li J, Xu H, West GM, Jones LH. Label-free technologies for target identification and validation. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00045b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical probes have been instrumental in revealing new targets and confirming target engagement. However, substantial effort and resources are required to design and synthesize these probes. In contrast, label-free technologies have the advantage of bypassing the need for chemical probes. Here we highlight the recent developments in label-free methods and discuss the pros and cons of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
- Pfizer
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Hua Xu
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
- Pfizer
- Cambridge
- USA
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10
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Xu H, Gopalsamy A, Hett EC, Salter S, Aulabaugh A, Kyne RE, Pierce B, Jones LH. Cellular thermal shift and clickable chemical probe assays for the determination of drug-target engagement in live cells. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6179-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01078d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proof of drug-target engagement in physiologically-relevant contexts is a key pillar of successful therapeutic target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
- Cambridge
- USA
| | | | | | | | - Ann Aulabaugh
- Structural Biology and Biophysics
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
- Groton
- USA
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11
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Wirth R, White JD, Moghaddam AD, Ginzburg AL, Zakharov LN, Haley MM, DeRose VJ. Azide vs Alkyne Functionalization in Pt(II) Complexes for Post-treatment Click Modification: Solid-State Structure, Fluorescent Labeling, and Cellular Fate. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15169-75. [PMID: 26512733 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tracking of Pt(II) complexes is of crucial importance toward understanding Pt interactions with cellular biomolecules. Post-treatment fluorescent labeling of functionalized Pt(II)-based agents using the bioorthogonal Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has recently been reported as a promising approach. Here we describe an azide-functionalized Pt(II) complex, cis-[Pt(2-azidobutyl)amido-1,3-propanediamine)Cl2] (1), containing the cis geometry and difunctional reactivity of cisplatin, and present a comparative study with its previously described alkyne-functionalized congener. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals a dramatic change in the solid-state arrangement with exchange of the alkyne for an azide moiety wherein 1 is dominated by a pseudo-chain of Pt-Pt dimers and antiparallel alignment of the azide substituents, in comparison with a circular arrangement supported by CH/π(C≡C) interactions in the alkyne version. In vitro studies indicate similar DNA binding and click reactivity of both congeners observed by fluorescent labeling. Interestingly, complex 1 shows in vitro enhanced click reactivity in comparison to a previously reported azide-appended Pt(II) complex. Despite their similar behavior in vitro, preliminary in cellulo HeLa studies indicate a superior imaging potential of azide-functionalized 1. Post-treatment fluorescent labeling of 1 observed by confocal fluorescence microscopy shows nuclear and intense nucleolar localization. These results demonstrate the potential of 1 in different cell line localization studies and for future isolation and purification of Pt-bound targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Wirth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Jonathan D White
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Alan D Moghaddam
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Aurora L Ginzburg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR, University of Oregon , 1443 East 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Victoria J DeRose
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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12
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Abstract
Chemical biology has a significant role to play in the discovery and validation of new therapeutic targets. Activity- and affinity-based probes have demonstrated considerable promise in the drug discovery setting as they provide a chemoproteomic means to confirm and quantify target engagement and selectivity of small molecule drug candidates. Many of these technologies have been developed using cell lysate (through the use of resin-immobilized enzyme inhibitors for example), but this does not represent the biology of an intact cell. This review highlights recent advances made in the design and application of cell-permeable probes that report on target activity and drug-target occupancy in living cells, thus providing a means to decipher molecular pharmacology and pathology in a more physiologically relevant manner.
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13
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Chemical biology approach for the development of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) inhibitor LW6 as a potential anticancer agent. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1563-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Li L, Wijaya H, Samanta S, Lam Y, Yao SQ. In situ imaging and proteome profiling indicate andrographolide is a highly promiscuous compound. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11522. [PMID: 26105662 PMCID: PMC4478469 DOI: 10.1038/srep11522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products represent an enormous source of pharmacologically useful compounds, and are often used as the starting point in modern drug discovery. Many biologically interesting natural products are however not being pursued as potential drug candidates, partly due to a lack of well-defined mechanism-of-action. Traditional in vitro methods for target identification of natural products based on affinity protein enrichment from crude cellular lysates cannot faithfully recapitulate protein-drug interactions in living cells. Reported herein are dual-purpose probes inspired by the natural product andrographolide, capable of both reaction-based, real-time bioimaging and in situ proteome profiling/target identification in live mammalian cells. Our results confirm that andrographolide is a highly promiscuous compound and engaged in covalent interactions with numerous previously unknown cellular targets in cell type-specific manner. We caution its potential therapeutic effects should be further investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- 1] Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543 [2] Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hadhi Wijaya
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Sanjay Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Yulin Lam
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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15
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Narayanan A, Jones LH. Sulfonyl fluorides as privileged warheads in chemical biology. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2650-2659. [PMID: 28706662 PMCID: PMC5489032 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00408j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of sulfonyl fluoride probes in chemical biology is reviewed.
Sulfonyl fluoride electrophiles have found significant utility as reactive probes in chemical biology and molecular pharmacology. As warheads they possess the right balance of biocompatibility (including aqueous stability) and protein reactivity. Their functionality is privileged in this regard as they are known to modify not only reactive serines (resulting in their common use as protease inhibitors), but also context-specific threonine, lysine, tyrosine, cysteine and histidine residues. This review describes the application of sulfonyl fluoride probes across various areas of research and explores new approaches that could further enhance the chemical biology toolkit. We believe that sulfonyl fluoride probes will find greater utility in areas such as covalent enzyme inhibition, target identification and validation, and the mapping of enzyme binding sites, substrates and protein–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Narayanan
- Chemical Biology Group , BioTherapeutics Chemistry , WorldWide Medicinal Chemistry , Pfizer , 610 Main Street , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA .
| | - Lyn H Jones
- Chemical Biology Group , BioTherapeutics Chemistry , WorldWide Medicinal Chemistry , Pfizer , 610 Main Street , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA .
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16
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GPCR structure, function, drug discovery and crystallography: report from Academia-Industry International Conference (UK Royal Society) Chicheley Hall, 1-2 September 2014. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:883-903. [PMID: 25772061 PMCID: PMC4495723 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the targets of over half of all prescribed drugs today. The UniProt database has records for about 800 proteins classified as GPCRs, but drugs have only been developed against 50 of these. Thus, there is huge potential in terms of the number of targets for new therapies to be designed. Several breakthroughs in GPCRs biased pharmacology, structural biology, modelling and scoring have resulted in a resurgence of interest in GPCRs as drug targets. Therefore, an international conference, sponsored by the Royal Society, with world-renowned researchers from industry and academia was recently held to discuss recent progress and highlight key areas of future research needed to accelerate GPCR drug discovery. Several key points emerged. Firstly, structures for all three major classes of GPCRs have now been solved and there is increasing coverage across the GPCR phylogenetic tree. This is likely to be substantially enhanced with data from x-ray free electron sources as they move beyond proof of concept. Secondly, the concept of biased signalling or functional selectivity is likely to be prevalent in many GPCRs, and this presents exciting new opportunities for selectivity and the control of side effects, especially when combined with increasing data regarding allosteric modulation. Thirdly, there will almost certainly be some GPCRs that will remain difficult targets because they exhibit complex ligand dependencies and have many metastable states rendering them difficult to resolve by crystallographic methods. Subtle effects within the packing of the transmembrane helices are likely to mask and contribute to this aspect, which may play a role in species dependent behaviour. This is particularly important because it has ramifications for how we interpret pre-clinical data. In summary, collaborative efforts between industry and academia have delivered significant progress in terms of structure and understanding of GPCRs and will be essential for resolving problems associated with the more difficult targets in the future.
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Abstract
Photoaffinity labeling (PAL) using a chemical probe to covalently bind its target in response to activation by light has become a frequently used tool in drug discovery for identifying new drug targets and molecular interactions, and for probing the location and structure of binding sites. Methods to identify the specific target proteins of hit molecules from phenotypic screens are highly valuable in early drug discovery. In this review, we summarize the principles of PAL including probe design and experimental techniques for in vitro and live cell investigations. We emphasize the need to optimize and validate probes and highlight examples of the successful application of PAL across multiple disease areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Smith
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, London, UK
| | - Ian Collins
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, London, UK
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18
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Naik R, Won M, Ban HS, Bhattarai D, Xu X, Eo Y, Hong YS, Singh S, Choi Y, Ahn HC, Lee K. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of chemical probes as hypoxia induced factor-1α/malate dehydrogenase 2 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9522-38. [PMID: 25356789 DOI: 10.1021/jm501241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship study of hypoxia inducible factor-1α inhibitor 3-aminobenzoic acid-based chemical probes, which were previously identified to bind to mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 2, was performed to provide a better understanding of the pharmacological effects of LW6 and its relation to hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2). A variety of multifunctional probes including the benzophenone or the trifluoromethyl diazirine for photoaffinity labeling and click reaction were prepared and evaluated for their biological activity using a cell-based HRE-luciferase assay as well as a MDH2 assay in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. Among them, the diazirine probe 4a showed strong inhibitory activity against both HIF-1α and MDH2. Significantly, the inhibitory effect of the probes on HIF-1α activity was consistent with that of the MDH2 enzyme assay, which was further confirmed by the effect on in vitro binding activity to recombinant human MDH2, oxygen consumption, ATP production, and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Competitive binding modes of LW6 and probe 4a to MDH2 were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Naik
- BK21Plus R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul , Koyang, 410-820, Korea
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19
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MacGregor BJ. Click-chemistry tagging of proteins in living cells: new possibilities for microbial (meta) proteomics. Environ Microbiol 2014; 16:2353-6. [PMID: 25040824 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J MacGregor
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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20
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Seerden JPG, Leusink-Ionescu G, Woudenberg-Vrenken T, Dros B, Molema G, Kamps JAAM, Kellogg RM. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 4-fluorophenyl-imidazole p38α MAPK, CK1δ and JAK2 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3412-8. [PMID: 24930833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel 4-(4'-fluorophenyl)imidazoles as selective p38α MAPK, CK1δ and JAK2 inhibitors with improved water solubility are described. Microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions afforded 4-fluorophenyl-2,5-disubstituted imidazoles. Carboxylate and phosphonate groups were introduced via 'click' reactions. The kinase selectivity was influenced by the heteroaryl group at imidazole C-5 and the position of a carboxylic acid or tetrazole at imidazole C-2. For example, pyrimidines 15 and 34 inhibited p38α MAPK with IC50=250 nM and 96 nM, respectively. Pyridine 3 gave CK1δ inhibition with IC50=89 nM and pyridin-2-one 31 gave JAK2 inhibition with IC50=62 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Titia Woudenberg-Vrenken
- Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Dros
- Syncom B.V., Kadijk 3, Groningen 9747 AT, The Netherlands
| | - Grietje Molema
- Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A A M Kamps
- Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
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21
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Belema M, Meanwell NA. Discovery of daclatasvir, a pan-genotypic hepatitis C virus NS5A replication complex inhibitor with potent clinical effect. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5057-71. [PMID: 24749835 DOI: 10.1021/jm500335h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and development of the first-in-class hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A replication complex inhibitor daclatasvir (6) provides a compelling example of the power of phenotypic screening to identify leads engaging novel targets in mechanistically unique ways. HCV NS5A replication complex inhibitors are pan-genotypic in spectrum, and this mechanistic class provides the most potent HCV inhibitors in vitro that have been described to date. Clinical trials with 6 demonstrated a potent effect on reducing plasma viral load and, in combination with mechanistically orthogonal HCV inhibitors, established the ability to cure even the most difficult infections without the need for immune stimulation. In this Drug Annotation, we describe the discovery of the original high-throughput screening lead 7 and the chemical conundrum and challenges resolved in optimizing to 6 as a clinical candidate and finally we summarize the results of select clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makonen Belema
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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