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Medeiros DM. Perspectives on the Role and Relevance of Copper in Cardiac Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:10-19. [PMID: 27444302 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy as a result of dietary copper deficiency has been studied for 40 plus years and is the subject of this review. While connective tissue anomalies occur, a hallmark pathology is cardiac hypertrophy, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, with disruptive cristae, vacuolization of mitochondria, and deposition of lipid droplets. Electrocardiogram abnormalities have been demonstrated along with biochemical changes especially as it relates to the copper-containing enzyme cytochrome c oxidase. The master controller of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC1-α expression and protein, along with other proteins and transcriptional factors that play a role are upregulated. Nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factor, and cytochrome c oxidase all may enhance the upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Marginal copper intakes reveal similar pathologies in the absence of cardiac hypertrophy. Reversibility of the copper-deficient rat heart with a copper-replete diet has resulted in mixed results, depending on both the animal model used and temporal relationships. New information has revealed that copper supplementation may rescue cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis M Medeiros
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Graduate Studies, University of Missouri Kansas City, 300F Administrative Center, 5115 Oak Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110-2499, USA.
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Rigiracciolo DC, Scarpelli A, Lappano R, Pisano A, Santolla MF, De Marco P, Cirillo F, Cappello AR, Dolce V, Belfiore A, Maggiolini M, De Francesco EM. Copper activates HIF-1α/GPER/VEGF signalling in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34158-77. [PMID: 26415222 PMCID: PMC4741443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper promotes tumor angiogenesis, nevertheless the mechanisms involved remain to be fully understood. We have recently demonstrated that the G-protein estrogen receptor (GPER) cooperates with hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) toward the regulation of the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF. Here, we show that copper sulfate (CuSO4) induces the expression of HIF-1α as well as GPER and VEGF in breast and hepatic cancer cells through the activation of the EGFR/ERK/c-fos transduction pathway. Worthy, the copper chelating agent TEPA and the ROS scavenger NAC prevented the aforementioned stimulatory effects. We also ascertained that HIF-1α and GPER are required for the transcriptional activation of VEGF induced by CuSO4. In addition, in human endothelial cells, the conditioned medium from breast cancer cells treated with CuSO4 promoted cell migration and tube formation through HIF-1α and GPER. The present results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms involved by copper in triggering angiogenesis and tumor progression. Our data broaden the therapeutic potential of copper chelating agents against tumor angiogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Scarpelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Assunta Pisano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Paola De Marco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Barresi V, Trovato-Salinaro A, Spampinato G, Musso N, Castorina S, Rizzarelli E, Condorelli DF. Transcriptome analysis of copper homeostasis genes reveals coordinated upregulation of SLC31A1,SCO1, and COX11 in colorectal cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:794-806. [PMID: 27516958 PMCID: PMC4971835 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper homeostasis and distribution is strictly regulated by a network of transporters and intracellular chaperones encoded by a group of genes collectively known as copper homeostasis genes (CHGs). In this work, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database for somatic point mutations in colorectal cancer revealed that inactivating mutations are absent or extremely rare in CHGs. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, we found a strong increase in mRNA levels of the membrane copper transporter 1 protein [CTR1; encoded by the solute carrier family 31 member 1 gene (SLC31A1 gene)] in our series of colorectal carcinoma samples. CTR1 is the main copper influx transporter and changes in its expression are able to induce modifications of cellular copper accumulation. The increased SLC31A1 mRNA level is accompanied by a parallel increase in transcript levels for copper efflux pump ATP7A, copper metabolism Murr1 domain containing 1 (COMMD1), the cytochrome C oxidase assembly factors [synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 1 (SCO1) and cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone 11 (COX11)], the cupric reductase six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP3), and the metal‐regulatory transcription factors (MTF1, MTF2) and specificity protein 1 (SP1). The significant correlation between SLC31A1,SCO1, and COX11 mRNA levels suggests that this transcriptional upregulation might be part of a coordinated program of gene regulation. Transcript‐level upregulation of SLC31A1,SCO1, and COX11 was also confirmed by the analysis of different colon carcinoma cell lines (Caco‐2, HT116, HT29) and cancer cell lines of different tissue origin (MCF7, PC3). Finally, exon‐level expression analysis of SLC31A1 reveals differential expression of alternative transcripts in colorectal cancer and normal colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Barresi
- Section of Medical Biochemistry Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Italy
| | - Angela Trovato-Salinaro
- Section of Medical Biochemistry Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Italy
| | - Giorgia Spampinato
- Section of Medical Biochemistry Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Section of Medical Biochemistry Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Section of Human Anatomy Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging National Council of Research UOS Catania Italy
| | - Daniele Filippo Condorelli
- Section of Medical Biochemistry Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Italy
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Urso E, Maffia M. Behind the Link between Copper and Angiogenesis: Established Mechanisms and an Overview on the Role of Vascular Copper Transport Systems. J Vasc Res 2015; 52:172-96. [PMID: 26484858 DOI: 10.1159/000438485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis critically sustains the progression of both physiological and pathological processes. Copper behaves as an obligatory co-factor throughout the angiogenic signalling cascades, so much so that a deficiency causes neovascularization to abate. Moreover, the progress of several angiogenic pathologies (e.g. diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy and ischaemia) can be tracked by measuring serum copper levels, which are being increasingly investigated as a useful prognostic marker. Accordingly, the therapeutic modulation of body copper has been proven effective in rescuing the pathological angiogenic dysfunctions underlying several disease states. Vascular copper transport systems profoundly influence the activation and execution of angiogenesis, acting as multi-functional regulators of apparently discrete pro-angiogenic pathways. This review concerns the complex relationship among copper-dependent angiogenic factors, copper transporters and common pathological conditions, with an unusual accent on the multi-faceted involvement of the proteins handling vascular copper. Functions regulated by the major copper transport proteins (CTR1 importer, ATP7A efflux pump and metallo-chaperones) include the modulation of endothelial migration and vascular superoxide, known to activate angiogenesis within a narrow concentration range. The potential contribution of prion protein, a controversial regulator of copper homeostasis, is discussed, even though its angiogenic involvement seems to be mainly associated with the modulation of endothelial motility and permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Urso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Sun M, Zuo X, Li R, Wang T, Kang YJ. Vascular endothelial growth factor recovers suppressed cytochrome c oxidase activity by restoring copper availability in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1671-7. [PMID: 25107896 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214541910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by phenylepherine (PE) is accompanied by depression of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) recovers the suppressed COX activity and reverses cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Because PE causes intracellular copper (Cu) depletion and COX activity is Cu-dependent, the present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that VEGF recovers suppressed COX activity by restoring Cu availability. Primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with PE at a final concentration of 100 µmol/L in cultures for 48 h to induce cell hypertrophy. The hypertrophic cardiomyocytes were exposed to VEGF at a final concentration of 20 ng/mL in cultures for 24 h. Atomic absorption spectrometry analysis revealed that VEGF restored PE-depleted Cu concentrations in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes along with the recovery of COX activity. Western blot analysis showed that protein contents of COX subunit COX-IV and Cu chaperones for COX (COX17, COX11, and SCO2) were decreased in response to PE treatment, and recovered after VEGF treatment. In addition, VEGF treatment suppressed PE-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the relevant elevation of homocysteine, which has been shown to form complexes with Cu to restrict Cu availability. This study thus demonstrates that VEGF recovers PE-suppressed COX activity by restoring Cu availability and VEGF suppression of ROS accumulation and homocysteine elevation would contribute to the increased Cu availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zuo
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Y James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
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