1
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Doust Mohammadi M, Bhowmick S, Maisser A, Schmidt-Ott A, Biskos G. Electronic properties and collision cross sections of AgO kH m± ( k, m = 1-4) aerosol ionic clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14547-14560. [PMID: 38721799 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Experimental evidence shows that hydroxylated metal ions are often produced during cluster synthesis by atmospheric pressure spark ablation. In this work, we predict the ground state equilibrium structures of AgOkHm± clusters (k and m = 1-4), which are readily produced when spark ablating Ag, using the coupled cluster with singles and doubles (CCSD) method. The stabilization energy of these clusters is calculated with respect to the dissociation channel having the lowest energy, by accounting perturbative triples corrections to the CCSD method. The interatomic interactions in each of the systems have been investigated using the frontier molecular orbital (FMO), natural bond orbital (NBO) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) methods. Many of the ground states of these ionic clusters are found to be stable, corroborating experimental observations. We find that clusters having singlet spin states are more stable in terms of dissociation than the clusters that have doublet or triplet spin states. Our calculations also indicate a strong affinity of the ionic and neutral Ag atom towards water and hydroxyl radicals or ions. Many 3-center, 4-electron (3c/4e) hyperbonds giving rise to more than one resonance structure are identified primarily for the anionic clusters. The QTAIM analysis shows that the O-H and O-Ag bonds in the clusters of both polarities are respectively covalent and ionic. The FMO analysis indicates that the anionic clusters are more reactive than the cationic ones. Using the cluster structures predicted by the CCSD method, we calculate the collision cross sections of the AgOkHm± family, with k and m ranging from 1 to 4, by the trajectory method. In turn, we predict the electrical mobilities of these clusters when suspended in helium at atmospheric pressure and compare them with experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Doust Mohammadi
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
| | - Somnath Bhowmick
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
| | - Anne Maisser
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
| | - Andreas Schmidt-Ott
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - George Biskos
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CN, The Netherlands
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2
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Liu W, Huang L, Meng L, Hu J, Xing X. The global minimum of Ag 30: a prolate spheroidal structure predicted using a genetic algorithm with incomplete local optimizations at the DFT level. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14303-14310. [PMID: 37183519 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetic algorithms have been widely used to explore global minimum points of atomic clusters, and their incorporation with ab initio calculations (including density functional theory methods) as local optimization approaches increases their ability to accurately locate the global minimum points on complicated potential energy surfaces. However, the local optimizations using ab initio calculations significantly increase the computational cost relative to those based on empirical or semi-empirical calculations. Herein, we develop a genetic algorithm program with an incomplete local optimization strategy at the DFT level. Using several representative clusters as test examples, this program showed high efficiency in locating their global minimum points. The low-lying isomers of Ag30 were explored using this program, and the determined global minimum is a prolate spheroidal structure. The elongated spheroidal shape causes degeneracy lifting of the free electron shells, and endows Ag30 with a large HOMO-LUMO gap. The sharp increase of silver clusters' reactivity around the sizes with 30 valence electrons observed in our previous experiments could be correlated with this theoretical figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Lulu Huang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Lei Meng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jin Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Xing
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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3
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Ligand accommodation causes altered reactivity of silver clusters with iodomethane: superatomic stability of Ag9I2+ in mimicking XeF2. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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4
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Lacaze-Dufaure C, Bulteau Y, Tarrat N, Loffreda D, Fau P, Fajerwerg K, Kahn ML, Rabilloud F, Lepetit C. Coordination of Ethylamine on Small Silver Clusters: Structural and Topological (ELF, QTAIM) Analyses. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7274-7285. [PMID: 35485936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amine ligands are expected to drive the organization of metallic centers as well as the chemical reactivity of silver clusters early growing during the very first steps of the synthesis of silver nanoparticles via an organometallic route. Density functional theory (DFT) computational studies have been performed to characterize the structure, the atomic charge distribution, and the planar two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) relative stability of small-size silver clusters (Agn, 2 ≤ n ≤ 7), with or without an ethylamine (EA) ligand coordinated to the Ag clusters. The transition from 2D to 3D structures is shifted from n = 7 to 6 in the presence of one EA coordinating ligand, and it is explained from the analysis of the Ag-N and Ag-Ag bond energies. For fully EA saturated silver clusters (Agn-EAn), the effect on the 2D/3D transition is even more pronounced with a shift between n = 4 and 5. Subsequent electron localization function (ELF) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) topological analyses allow for the fine characterization of the dative Ag-N and metallic Ag-Ag bonds, both in nature and in strength. Electron transfer from ethylamine to the coordinated silver atoms induces an increase of the polarization of the metallic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Lacaze-Dufaure
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP─ENSIACET 4 allée Emile Monso─BP44362, 31030 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Yann Bulteau
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP─ENSIACET 4 allée Emile Monso─BP44362, 31030 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Tarrat
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - David Loffreda
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Fau
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Katia Fajerwerg
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Myrtil L Kahn
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Franck Rabilloud
- Institut Lumière Matière, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Lepetit
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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5
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Sbuelz L, Loi F, Pozzo M, Bignardi L, Nicolini E, Lacovig P, Tosi E, Lizzit S, Kartouzian A, Heiz U, Alfé D, Baraldi A. Atomic Undercoordination in Ag Islands on Ru(0001) Grown via Size-Selected Cluster Deposition: An Experimental and Theoretical High-Resolution Core-Level Photoemission Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:9556-9563. [PMID: 34276855 PMCID: PMC8279646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of depositing precisely mass-selected Ag clusters (Ag1, Ag3, and Ag7) on Ru(0001) was instrumental in determining the importance of the in-plane coordination number (CN) and allowed us to establish a linear dependence of the Ag 3d5/2 core-level shift on CN. The fast cluster surface diffusion at room temperature, caused by the low interaction between silver and ruthenium, leads to the formation of islands with a low degree of ordering, as evidenced by the high density of low-coordinated atomic configurations, in particular CN = 4 and 5. On the contrary, islands formed upon Ag7 deposition show a higher density of atoms with CN = 6, thus indicating the formation of islands with a close-packed atomic arrangement. This combined experimental and theoretical approach, when applied to clusters of different elements, offers the perspective to reveal nonequivalent local configurations in two-dimensional (2D) materials grown using different building blocks, with potential implications in understanding electronic and reactivity properties at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sbuelz
- Department
of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Loi
- Department
of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Pozzo
- Department
of Earth Sciences and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Luca Bignardi
- Department
of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eugenio Nicolini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste, S. S. 14, km
163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Lacovig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste, S. S. 14, km
163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ezequiel Tosi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste, S. S. 14, km
163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Lizzit
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste, S. S. 14, km
163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aras Kartouzian
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dario Alfé
- Department
of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica Ettore Pancini, Universitá
di Napoli Federico II, Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Baraldi
- Department
of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste, S. S. 14, km
163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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6
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7
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Bista D, Sengupta T, Reber AC, Khanna SN. A Magnetic Superatomic Dimer with an Intense Internal Electric Dipole Moment. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:816-824. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bista
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Turbasu Sengupta
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Arthur C. Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Shiv N. Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
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8
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Parizad M, Wong AP, Reber AC, Tengco JMM, Karakalos SG, Khanna SN, Regalbuto JR, Monnier JR. Stabilization of Catalytic Surfaces through Core–Shell Structures: Ag–Ir/Al2O3 Case Study. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Parizad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 301 Main Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - A. P. Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 301 Main Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - A. C. Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 701 W. Grace Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - J. M. M. Tengco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 301 Main Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - S. G. Karakalos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 301 Main Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - S. N. Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 701 W. Grace Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - J. R. Regalbuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 301 Main Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - J. R. Monnier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 301 Main Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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9
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Bista D, Chauhan V, Sengupta T, Reber AC, Khanna SN. A ligand-induced homojunction between aluminum-based superatomic clusters. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12046-12056. [PMID: 32469025 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A superatomic molecule formed by joining two metallic clusters linked by an organometallic bridge can behave like a semiconductor and the addition of ligands can induce a significant energy level shift across an inter-cluster homojunction. This shift is induced by the N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone ligands, and the placement of the ligands strongly affects the direction of the dipole moment, including the case where the dipole moment is parallel to the cluster interface. This computational study provides an alternative strategy for constructing nanometer-scale electronic interfaces between clusters mimicking semiconductor motifs. The semiconducting features in the PAl12 clusters emerge from the grouping of the quantum states in a confined nearly free electron gas that creates a substantial energy gap. An organometallic Ge(CH3)2(CH2)2 bridge links the clusters while maintaining the cluster's electronic shell structure. The amount of level shifting between the bridged clusters can be changed by controlling the number of ligands. Attaching multiple ligands can result in a broken gap energy alignment in which the HOMO level of one cluster is aligned with the LUMO level of the other bridged cluster. Furthermore, the singly ligated bridged superatomic molecule is found to exhibit promising features to separate the electron-hole pairs for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bista
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2000, USA.
| | - Vikas Chauhan
- Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Turbasu Sengupta
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2000, USA.
| | - Arthur C Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2000, USA.
| | - Shiv N Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2000, USA.
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10
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Wang C, Yang Y, Liu X, Li Y, Song D, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Shen X. Dissociative chemisorption of O2 on Agn and Agn−1Ir (n = 3–26) clusters: a first-principle study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9053-9066. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01005g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lower dissociation barriers and higher reaction rates of O2 on doped Agn−1Ir clusters, and a gradually weakened dopant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangchuang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Yongpeng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Yuanjie Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Dandan Song
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Yun Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical Computational Chemistry
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjian Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical Computational Chemistry
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11
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Fernández EM, Balbás LC. Study of odd-even effects in physisorption and chemisorption of Ar, N 2, O 2 and NO on open shell Ag 11-13+ clusters by means of self-consistent van der Waals density functional calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25158-25174. [PMID: 31693027 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04865k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the adsorption and coadsorption properties of one or more X = Ar, N2, O2, and NO adsorbates on cationic silver clusters Ag11-13+, whose sizes are in the open shell region of metal clusters, aiming to understand the observed odd-even effects in the abundance spectra of Ag11-13+·mX complexes. All calculations were performed self-consistently using a non-local van der Waals correlation functional, covering the different nature of the interactions between the silver substrate and the several adsorbates, which range from dispersion (London) forces for Ar, non covalent π-π interactions for N2, charge-transfer interactions for O2 and NO, and the covalent Ag-Ag bond in the nude silver cluster. Despite the wide interval of adsorption energies, spanning two orders of magnitude, we have been able to explain the following experimental facts. For X = Ar, N2, and O2 reactions with Ag11-13+, it was observed in the mass spectra an abundance peak at n = 12 [M. Schmidt, et al., ChemPhysChem, 2015, 16, 855]. In addition it was observed the competitive adsorption of two or more N2 molecules, and the cooperative effect of adsorbing N2 together with O2 molecules. For X = NO, an abundance peak at n = 12 has been also observed [J. Ma, et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 12819]. We find that the main factors determining these properties are the different core motifs of the cluster geometry (pentagonal bipiramid for Ag11+ and Ag13+, but triangular prism for Ag12+) and, on the other hand, the odd number of valence electrons for Ag12+, leading to a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap than those of its neighbours. Further details about the preferred adsorption sites, dipole moments, and dipole polarizabilities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Fernández
- Departamento de Física Fundamental, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis C Balbás
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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12
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Armstrong A, Reber AC, Khanna SN. Multiple-Valence Aluminum and the Electronic and Geometric Structure of Al nO m Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5114-5121. [PMID: 31146532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electronic stability in aluminum clusters is typically associated with either closed electronic shells of delocalized electrons or a +3 oxidation state of aluminum. To investigate whether there are alternative routes toward electronic stability in aluminum oxide clusters, we used theoretical methods to examine the geometric and electronic structure of Al nO m (2 ≤ n ≤ 7; 1 ≤ m ≤ 10) clusters. Electronically stable clusters with large HOMO-LUMO (highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) gaps were identified and could be grouped into two categories. (1) Al2 nO3 n clusters with a +3 oxidation state on the aluminum and (2) planar clusters including Al4O4, Al5O3, Al6O5, and Al6O6. The structures of the planar clusters have external Al atoms bound to a single O atom. Their electronic stability is explained by the multiple-valence Al sites, with the internal Al atoms having an oxidation state of +3, whereas the external Al atoms have an oxidation state of +1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Armstrong
- Department of Physics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Arthur C Reber
- Department of Physics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Shiv N Khanna
- Department of Physics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
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13
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Theoretical study of O2 interaction with subnanometer-sized Ag clusters supported on defective SiO2 surface. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Zierkiewicz W, Michalczyk M, Scheiner S. Regium bonds between M n clusters (M = Cu, Ag, Au and n = 2-6) and nucleophiles NH 3 and HCN. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22498-22509. [PMID: 30140798 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03883j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The most stable geometries of the coinage metal (or regium) atom (Cu, Ag, Au) clusters Mn for n up to 6 are all planar, and adopt the lowest possible spin multiplicity. Clusters with even numbers of M atoms are thus singlets, while those with odd n are open-shell doublets. Examination of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of each cluster provides strong indications of the most likely site of attack by an approaching nucleophile, generally one of two positions. A nucleophile (NH3 or HCN) most favorably approaches one particular M atom of each cluster, rather than a bond midpoint or face. In the closed-shell clusters, the interaction energies are highly dependent upon the intensity of the MEP, but this correlation fades for the open-shell systems studied in this work. The strength of the interaction is also closely related to the basicity of the nucleophile. Regium bond energies can be more than 30 kcal mol-1 and tend to follow the Au > Cu > Ag order. These interaction energies are in large part derived from Coulombic attraction, with a smaller orbital interaction contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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15
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Cao XZ, Yin BQ, Wang TT, Xing XP. Exploring the Interactions of Atomic Oxygen on Silver Clusters with Hydrogen. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1710193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-zi Cao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bao-qi Yin
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting-ting Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-peng Xing
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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16
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McKee ML, Samokhvalov A. Density Functional Study of Neutral and Charged Silver Clusters Agn with n = 2–22. Evolution of Properties and Structure. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5018-5028. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McKee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Alexander Samokhvalov
- Department
of Chemistry, 315 Penn
Street, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08102, United States
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17
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One-pot photo-synthesis and in-situ generation of hydrogen by silver/strontium titanate photocatalyst under visible or near-UV light and role of midgap states: Experiment and DFT computations. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Reber AC, Chauhan V, Khanna SN. Symmetry and magnetism in Ni9Te6clusters ligated by CO or phosphine ligands. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:024302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4973609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C. Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, USA
| | - Vikas Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, USA
| | - Shiv N. Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, USA
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Cao X, Chen M, Ma J, Yin B, Xing X. CO oxidation by the atomic oxygen on silver clusters: structurally dependent mechanisms generating free or chemically bonded CO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:196-203. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of CO by the atomic oxygen on AgnO− (n = 1–8) forms free or chemically bonded CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Cao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Mengyi Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Baoqi Yin
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xing
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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20
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Pham HT, Ngo LQ, Pham-Ho MP, Nguyen MT. Theoretical Study of Small Scandium-Doped Silver Clusters ScAgn with n = 1–7: σ-Aromatic Feature. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7964-7972. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loc Quang Ngo
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - My Phuong Pham-Ho
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Structural, Energetic, and Magnetic Properties of Ag $$_{n-m}$$ n - m Rh $$_{m}$$ m and Ag $$_{m}$$ m Rh $$_{n-m}$$ n - m Clusters with $$n \le 20$$ n ≤ 20 and $$m=0,1$$ m = 0 , 1. J CLUST SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-016-1003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Jin Y, Tian Y, Kuang X, Zhang C, Lu C, Wang J, Lv J, Ding L, Ju M. Ab Initio Search for Global Minimum Structures of Pure and Boron Doped Silver Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6738-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jin
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yonghong Tian
- Department
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chuanzhao Zhang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department
of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liping Ding
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Meng Ju
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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23
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Luo Z, Gamboa GU, Jia M, Reber AC, Khanna SN, Castleman AW. Reactivity of Silver Clusters Anions with Ethanethiol. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8345-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501164g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Luo
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gabriel U. Gamboa
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Meiye Jia
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Arthur C. Reber
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Shiv N. Khanna
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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24
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Medel VM, Reber AC, Chauhan V, Sen P, Köster AM, Calaminici P, Khanna SN. Nature of valence transition and spin moment in Ag(n)V(+) clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8229-36. [PMID: 24824084 DOI: 10.1021/ja412064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Evolution in the atomic structure, bonding characteristics, stability, and the spin magnetic moment of neutral and cationic AgnV clusters has been investigated using first-principles density functional approach with gradient corrected functional. It is shown that at small sizes, the V 4s states hybridize with Ag states to form 1S and 1P like superatomic orbitals, whereas the 3d states are localized on V giving the V atom an effective valence of 1 or 2. Starting from Ag8V(+), the V 3d states begin to participate in the bonding by hybridizing with the nearly free electron gas to form 1D superatomic orbitals increasing the V atom effective valence toward 5. For the cationic clusters, this changing valence results in three shell closures that lead to stable species. These occur for cationic clusters containing 5, 7, and 14 Ag atoms. The first two stable species correspond to filled 1S and 1P shells in two and three dimensions with a valence of 2 for V, whereas the closure at 14 Ag atoms correspond to filled 1S, 1P, and 1D shells with V site exhibiting a valence of 5. The transition from filled 1S and 1P shells to filled 1S, 1P, and 1D shells is confirmed by a quenching of the spin magnetic moment. The theoretical findings are consistent with the observed drops in intensity in the mass spectrum of AgnV(+) clusters after 5, 7, and 14 Ag atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Medel
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
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