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Grogan L, Shapiro P. Progress in the development of ERK1/2 inhibitors for treating cancer and other diseases. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2024; 100:181-207. [PMID: 39034052 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are ubiquitous regulators of many cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell death. ERK1/2 regulate cell functions by phosphorylating a diverse collection of protein substrates consisting of other kinases, transcription factors, structural proteins, and other regulatory proteins. ERK1/2 regulation of cell functions is tightly regulated through the balance between activating phosphorylation by upstream kinases and inactivating dephosphorylation by phosphatases. Disruption of homeostatic ERK1/2 regulation caused by elevated extracellular signals or mutations in upstream regulatory proteins leads to the constitutive activation of ERK1/2 signaling and uncontrolled cell proliferation observed in many types of cancer. Many inhibitors of upstream kinase regulators of ERK1/2 have been developed and are part of targeted therapeutic options to treat a variety of cancers. However, the efficacy of these drugs in providing sustained patient responses is limited by the development of acquired resistance often involving re-activation of ERK1/2. As such, recent drug discovery efforts have focused on the direct targeting of ERK1/2. Several ATP competitive ERK1/2 inhibitors have been identified and are being tested in cancer clinical trials. One drug, Ulixertinib (BVD-523), has received FDA approval for use in the Expanded Access Program for patients with no other therapeutic options. This review provides an update on ERK1/2 inhibitors in clinical trials, their successes and limitations, and new academic drug discovery efforts to modulate ERK1/2 signaling for treating cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Grogan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Naufal M, Hermawati E, Syah YM, Hidayat AT, Hidayat IW, Al-Anshori J. Structure-Activity Relationship Study and Design Strategies of Hydantoin, Thiazolidinedione, and Rhodanine-Based Kinase Inhibitors: A Two-Decade Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:4186-4209. [PMID: 38313530 PMCID: PMC10832052 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most prominent causes of the rapidly growing mortality numbers worldwide. Cancer originates from normal cells that have acquired the capability to alter their molecular, biochemical, and cellular traits. The alteration of cell signaling enzymes, such as kinases, can initiate and amplify cancer progression. As a curative method, the targeted therapy utilized small molecules' capability to inhibit kinase's cellular function. This review provides a brief history (1999-2023) of Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors (SMKIs) discovery with their molecular perspective. Furthermore, this current review also addresses the application and the development of hydantoin, thiazolidinedione, and rhodanine-based derivatives as kinase inhibitors toward several subclasses (EGFR, PI3K, VEGFR, Pim, c-Met, CDK, IGFR, and ERK) accompanied by their structure-activity relationship study and their molecular interactions. The present work summarizes and compiles all the important structural information essential for developing hydantoin, thiazolidinedione, and rhodanine-based kinase inhibitors to improve their potency in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naufal
- Department
of Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.
21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Elvira Hermawati
- Department
of Chemistry, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha Nomor 10, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40132, Indonesia
| | - Yana Maolana Syah
- Department
of Chemistry, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha Nomor 10, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ace Tatang Hidayat
- Department
of Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.
21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ika Wiani Hidayat
- Department
of Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.
21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Jamaludin Al-Anshori
- Department
of Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.
21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Zhang X, Xue SS, Pan W, Wang K, Li N, Tang B. A hypoxia-activated photothermal agent inhibits multiple heat shock proteins for low-temperature photothermal therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3898-3901. [PMID: 36917473 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
A near-infrared (NIR) organic photothermal agent (PTA) to inhibit three types of heat shock proteins (HSPs) was synthesized, which could be activated under hypoxic conditions for low-temperature photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Shan-Shan Xue
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiye Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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Gorai A, Chakraborti G, Basak SJ, Dash J. Diastereoselective reversible C-C bond exchange of oxindole-thiazolidienediones for dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9307-9312. [PMID: 36399158 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01993k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe a diastereoselective aldol exchange involving isatins and thiazolidinediones, providing oxindolyl-thiazolidienediones in aqueous media at pH 6. This equilibrium can also be achieved with oxindole exchange as well as cross-exchange within reasonable timescales. These metal and organic catalyst free reversible reactions provide a unique opportunity for the evolution of dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) for target directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) and system chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Gorai
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Gargi Chakraborti
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Soumya Jyoti Basak
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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Zhang Y, Truong B, Fahl SP, Martinez E, Cai KQ, Al-Saleem ED, Gong Y, Liebermann DA, Soboloff J, Dunbrack R, Levine RL, Fletcher S, Kappes D, Sykes SM, Shapiro P, Wiest DL. The ERK2-DBP domain opposes pathogenesis of a mouse JAK2V617F-driven myeloproliferative neoplasm. Blood 2022; 140:359-373. [PMID: 35436326 PMCID: PMC9335498 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is activated in most human cancers, attempts to target this pathway using kinase-active site inhibitors have not typically led to durable clinical benefit. To address this shortcoming, we sought to test the feasibility of an alternative targeting strategy, focused on the ERK2 substrate binding domains, D and DEF binding pocket (DBP). Disabling the ERK2-DBP domain in mice caused baseline erythrocytosis. Consequently, we investigated the role of the ERK2-D and -DBP domains in disease, using a JAK2-dependent model of polycythemia vera (PV). Of note, inactivation of the ERK2-DBP domain promoted the progression of disease from PV to myelofibrosis, suggesting that the ERK2-DBP domain normally opposes progression. ERK2-DBP inactivation also prevented oncogenic JAK2 kinase (JAK2V617F) from promoting oncogene-induced senescence in vitro. The ERK2-DBP mutation attenuated JAK2-mediated oncogene-induced senescence by preventing the physical interaction of ERK2 with the transcription factor Egr1. Because inactivation of the ERK2-DBP created a functional ERK2 kinase limited to binding substrates through its D domain, these data suggested that the D domain substrates were responsible for promoting oncogene-induced progenitor growth and tumor progression and that pharmacologic targeting of the ERK2-D domain may attenuate cancer cell growth. Indeed, pharmacologic agents targeting the ERK2-D domain were effective in attenuating the growth of JAK2-dependent myeloproliferative neoplasm cell lines. Taken together, these data indicate that the ERK-D and -DBP domains can play distinct roles in the progression of neoplasms and that the D domain has the potential to be a potent therapeutic target in Ras/MAPK-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yulan Gong
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dan A Liebermann
- Fels Institute for Personalized Medicine and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Personalized Medicine and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roland Dunbrack
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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Yadav U, Vanjari Y, Laxmikeshav K, Tokala R, Niggula PK, Kumar M, Talla V, Kamal A, Shankaraiah N. Synthesis and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Phenanthrene Linked 2,4- Thiazolidinediones as Potential Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1127-1140. [PMID: 32664846 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200714142931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize a series of phenanthrene-thiazolidinedione hybrids and explore their cytotoxic potential against human cancer cell lines of A-549 (lung cancer), HCT-116 and HT-29 (colon cancer), MDA MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer), BT-474 (breast cancer) and (mouse melanoma) B16F10 cells. METHODS A new series of phenanthrene-thiazolidinedione hybrids was synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation of phenanthrene-9-carbaldehyde and N-alkylated thiazolidinediones. The cytotoxicity (IC50) of the synthesized compounds was determined by MTT assay. Apoptotic assays like (AO/EB) and DAPI staining, cell cycle analysis, JC-1 staining and Annexin V binding assay studies were performed for the most active compound (Z)- 3-(4-bromobenzyl)-5-((2,3,6,7-tetramethoxyphenanthren-9-yl)methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (17b). Molecular docking, dynamics and evaluation of pharmacokinetic (ADME/T) properties were also carried out by using Schrödinger. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION From the series of tested compounds, 17b unveiled promising cytotoxic action with an IC50 value of 0.985±0.02μM on HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. The treatment of HCT-116 cells with 17b demonstrated distinctive apoptotic morphology like shrinkage of cells, horseshoe-shaped nuclei formation and chromatin condensation. The flow-cytometry analysis revealed the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in a dosedependent fashion. The AO/EB, DAPI, DCFDA, Annexin-V and JC-1 staining studies were performed in order to determine the effect of the compound on cell viability. Computational studies were performed by using Schrödinger to determine the stability of the ligand with the DNA. CONCLUSION The current study provides an insight into developing a series of phenanthrene thiazolidinedione derivatives as potential DNA interactive agents which might aid in colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Yadav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Yogesh Vanjari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Praveen K Niggula
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Venu Talla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
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7
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Bhagat DS, Chawla PA, Gurnule WB, Shejul SK, Bumbrah GS. An Insight into Synthesis and Anticancer Potential of Thiazole and 4-thiazolidinone Containing Motifs. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825999210101234704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the branch of oncology has reached a mature stage, and substantial
development and advancement have been achieved in this dimension of medical science. The
synthesis and isolation of numerous novel anticancer agents of natural and synthetic origins
have been reported. Thiazole and 4-thiazolidinone containing heterocyclic compounds, having
a broad spectrum of pharmaceutical activities, represent a significant class of medicinal
chemistry. Thiazole and 4-thiazolidinone are five-membered unique heterocyclic motifs containing
S and N atoms as an essential core scaffold and have commendable medicinal significance.
Thiazoles and 4-thiazolidinones containing heterocyclic compounds are used as building
blocks for the next generation of pharmaceuticals. Thiazole precursors have been frequently
used due to their capabilities to bind to numerous cancer-specific protein targets.
Suitably, thiazole motifs have a biological suit via inhibition of different signaling pathways involved in cancer
causes. The scientific community has always tried to synthesize novel thiazole-based heterocycles by carrying out
different replacements of functional groups or skeleton around thiazole moiety. Herein, we report the current trend of
research and development in anticancer activities of thiazoles and 4-thiazolidinones containing scaffolds. In the current
study, we have also highlighted some other significant biological properties of thiazole, novel protocols of synthesis
for the synthesis of the new candidates, along with a significant broad spectrum of the anticancer activities of
thiazole containing scaffolds. This study facilitates the development of novel thiazole and 4-thiazolidinone containing
candidates with potent, efficient anticancer activity and less cytotoxic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devidas S. Bhagat
- Department of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad 431 004, (MS), India
| | - Pooja A. Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Wasudeo B. Gurnule
- Department of Chemistry, Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur-440024, (MS), India
| | - Sampada K. Shejul
- Department of Life Science, Vivekanand Arts, Sardar Dalipsingh Commerce and Science College, Aurangabad 431 001, (MS), India
| | - Gurvinder S. Bumbrah
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, 122413, Haryana, India
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Kaoud TS, Johnson WH, Ebelt ND, Piserchio A, Zamora-Olivares D, Van Ravenstein SX, Pridgen JR, Edupuganti R, Sammons R, Cano M, Warthaka M, Harger M, Tavares CDJ, Park J, Radwan MF, Ren P, Anslyn EV, Tsai KY, Ghose R, Dalby KN. Modulating multi-functional ERK complexes by covalent targeting of a recruitment site in vivo. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5232. [PMID: 31745079 PMCID: PMC6863825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the targeting of ERK with ATP-competitive inhibitors has emerged as a potential clinical strategy to overcome acquired resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitor combination therapies. In this study, we investigate an alternative strategy of targeting the D-recruitment site (DRS) of ERK. The DRS is a conserved region that lies distal to the active site and mediates ERK-protein interactions. We demonstrate that the small molecule BI-78D3 binds to the DRS of ERK2 and forms a covalent adduct with a conserved cysteine residue (C159) within the pocket and disrupts signaling in vivo. BI-78D3 does not covalently modify p38MAPK, JNK or ERK5. BI-78D3 promotes apoptosis in BRAF inhibitor-naive and resistant melanoma cells containing a BRAF V600E mutation. These studies provide the basis for designing modulators of protein-protein interactions involving ERK, with the potential to impact ERK signaling dynamics and to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ERK-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer S Kaoud
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - William H Johnson
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nancy D Ebelt
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrea Piserchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sabrina X Van Ravenstein
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jacey R Pridgen
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Edupuganti
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Rachel Sammons
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Micael Cano
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Mangalika Warthaka
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Matthew Harger
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Clint D J Tavares
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jihyun Park
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed F Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Graduate Programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Miao L, Tian H. Development of ERK1/2 inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for tumour with MAPK upstream target mutations. J Drug Target 2019; 28:154-165. [PMID: 31340679 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1648477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylate a variety of substrates that play key roles in promoting cell survival and proliferation. Many inhibitors, acting on upstream of the ERK pathway, exhibit excellent antitumor activity. However, drug-resistant tumour cells invariably emerge after their use due to the reactivation of ERK1/2 signalling. ERK1/2 inhibitors have shown clinical efficacy as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tumours with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) upstream target mutations. These inhibitors may be effective against cancers with altered MAPK upstream pathway and may be used as a possible strategy to overcome acquired resistance to MAPK inhibitors. In this review, we describe the mechanism and types of ERK1/2 inhibitors, summarise the current development status of small-molecule ERK1/2 inhibitors, including the preclinical data and clinical study progress, and discuss the future research directions for the application of ERK1/2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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2-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-3-((Piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)thiazolidin-4-One-Loaded Polymeric Nanocapsules: In Vitro Antiglioma Activity and In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:783-797. [PMID: 31115733 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among gliomas types, glioblastoma is considered the most malignant and the worst form of primary brain tumor. It is characterized by high infiltration rate and great angiogenic capacity. The presence of an inflammatory microenvironment contributes to chemo/radioresistance, resulting in poor prognosis for patients. Recent data show that thiazolidinones have a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antiglioma activities. Nanocapsules of biodegradable polymers become an alternative to cancer treatment since they provide targeted drug delivery and could overcome blood-brain barrier. Therefore, here we investigated the in vitro antiglioma activity and the potential in vivo toxicity of 2- (2-methoxyphenyl) -3- ((piperidin-1-yl) ethyl) thiazolidin-4-one-loaded polymeric nanocapsules (4L-N). Nanocapsules were prepared and characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH, molecule content and encapsulation efficiency. Treatment with 4L-N selectively decreased human U138MG and rat C6 cell lines viability and proliferation, being even more efficient than the free-form molecule (4L). In addition, 4L-N did not promote toxicity to primary astrocytes. We further demonstrated that the treatment with sub-therapeutic dose of 4L-N did not alter weight, neither resulted in mortality, toxicity or peripheral damage to Wistar rats. Finally, 4L as well as 4L-N did not alter makers of oxidative damage, such as TBARS levels and total sulfhydryl content, and did not change antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT activity in liver and brain of treated rats. Taken together, these data indicate that the nanoencapsulation of 4L has potentiated its antiglioma effect and does not cause in vivo toxicity.
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5-Arylidene(chromenyl-methylene)-thiazolidinediones: Potential New Agents against Mutant Oncoproteins K-Ras, N-Ras and B-Raf in Colorectal Cancer and Melanoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55040085. [PMID: 30935124 PMCID: PMC6524019 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Cancer represents the miscommunication between and within the body cells. The mutations of the oncogenes encoding the MAPK pathways play an important role in the development of tumoral diseases. The mutations of KRAS and BRAF oncogenes are involved in colorectal cancer and melanoma, while the NRAS mutations are associated with melanoma. Thiazolidine-2,4-dione is a versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry and a useful tool in the development of new antitumoral compounds. The aim of our study was to predict the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties, the drug-likeness and lead-likeness of two series of synthetic 5-arylidene(chromenyl-methylene)-thiazolidinediones, the molecular docking on the oncoproteins K-Ras, N-Ras and B-Raf, and to investigate the cytotoxicity of the compounds, in order to select the best structural profile for potential anticancer agents. Materials and Methods: In our paper we studied the cytotoxicity of two series of thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives, their ADME-Tox properties and the molecular docking on a mutant protein of K-Ras, two isoforms of N-Ras and an isoform of B-Raf with 16 mutations. Results: The heterocyclic compounds strongly interact with K-Ras and N-Ras right after their posttranslational processing and/or compete with GDP for the nucleotide-binding site of the two GTPases. They are less active against the GDP-bound states of the two targets. All derivatives have a similar binding pattern in the active site of B-Raf. Conclusions: The data obtained encourage the further investigation of the 5-arylidene(chromenyl-methylene)-thiazolidinediones as potential new agents against the oncoproteins K-Ras, N-Ras and B-Raf.
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12
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García-Gómez R, Bustelo XR, Crespo P. Protein-Protein Interactions: Emerging Oncotargets in the RAS-ERK Pathway. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:616-633. [PMID: 30149880 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Given the implication of aberrant RAS-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the development of a large number of tumor types, this route is under intense scrutiny to identify new anticancer drugs. Most avenues in that direction have been primarily focused on the inhibition of the catalytic activity of the kinases that participate in this pathway. Although promising, the efficacy of these therapies is short lived due to undesired toxicity and/or drug resistance problems. As an alternative path, new efforts are now being devoted to the targeting of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involved in the flow of RAS-ERK signals. Many of these efforts have shown promising results in preclinical models. In this review, we summarize recent progress made in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Gómez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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13
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Wu XN, Huang YD, Li JX, Yu YF, Qian Z, Zhang C, Wu Y, Luo HB. Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidinone derivatives as PDE9 inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:615-628. [PMID: 30109185 PMCID: PMC6089849 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological processes of Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been demonstrated to be linked together. Both PDE9 inhibitors and PPARγ agonists such as rosiglitazone exhibited remarkable preclinical and clinical treatment effects for these two diseases. In this study, a series of PDE9 inhibitors combining the pharmacophore of rosiglitazone were discovered. All the compounds possessed remarkable affinities towards PDE9 and four of them have the IC50 values <5 nmol/L. In addition, these four compounds showed low cell toxicity in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Compound 11a, the most effective one, gave the IC50 of 1.1 nmol/L towards PDE9, which is significantly better than the reference compounds PF-04447943 and BAY 73-6691. The analysis of putative binding patterns and binding free energy of the designed compounds with PDE9 may explain the structure—activity relationships and provide evidence for further structural modifications.
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14
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Kidger AM, Sipthorp J, Cook SJ. ERK1/2 inhibitors: New weapons to inhibit the RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:45-60. [PMID: 29454854 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathway is de-regulated in a variety of cancers due to mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), negative regulators of RAS (such as NF1) and core pathway components themselves (RAS, BRAF, CRAF, MEK1 or MEK2). This has driven the development of a variety of pharmaceutical agents to inhibit RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling in cancer and both RAF and MEK inhibitors are now approved and used in the clinic. There is now much interest in targeting at the level of ERK1/2 for a variety of reasons. First, since the pathway is linear from RAF-to-MEK-to-ERK then ERK1/2 are validated as targets per se. Second, innate resistance to RAF or MEK inhibitors involves relief of negative feedback and pathway re-activation with all signalling going through ERK1/2, validating the use of ERK inhibitors with RAF or MEK inhibitors as an up-front combination. Third, long-term acquired resistance to RAF or MEK inhibitors involves a variety of mechanisms (KRAS or BRAF amplification, MEK mutation, etc.) which re-instate ERK activity, validating the use of ERK inhibitors to forestall acquired resistance to RAF or MEK inhibitors. The first potent highly selective ERK1/2 inhibitors have now been developed and are entering clinical trials. They have one of three discrete mechanisms of action - catalytic, "dual mechanism" or covalent - which could have profound consequences for how cells respond and adapt. In this review we describe the validation of ERK1/2 as anti-cancer drug targets, consider the mechanism of action of new ERK1/2 inhibitors and how this may impact on their efficacy, anticipate factors that will determine how tumour cells respond and adapt to ERK1/2 inhibitors and consider ERK1/2 inhibitor drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kidger
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, England, United Kingdom.
| | - James Sipthorp
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, England, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Cook
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, England, United Kingdom.
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15
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Selective cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of 5-(2-bromo-5-methoxybenzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione against NCI-H292 human lung carcinoma cells. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:446-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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Satish S, Srivastava A, Yadav P, Varshney S, Choudhary R, Balaramnavar VM, Narender T, Gaikwad AN. Aegeline inspired synthesis of novel amino alcohol and thiazolidinedione hybrids with antiadipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:780-791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Kim H, Cho SJ, Yoo M, Kang SK, Kim KR, Lee HH, Song JS, Rhee SD, Jung WH, Ahn JH, Jung JK, Jung KY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazole derivatives as GPR119 agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5213-5220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Kaminskyy D, Kryshchyshyn A, Lesyk R. 5-Ene-4-thiazolidinones - An efficient tool in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:542-594. [PMID: 28987611 PMCID: PMC7111298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The presented review is an attempt to summarize a huge volume of data on 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones being a widely studied class of small molecules used in modern organic and medicinal chemistry. The manuscript covers approaches to the synthesis of 5-ene-4-thiazolidinone derivatives: modification of the C5 position of the basic core; synthesis of the target compounds in the one-pot or multistage reactions or transformation of other related heterocycles. The most prominent pharmacological profiles of 5-ene derivatives of different 4-thiazolidinone subtypes belonging to hit-, lead-compounds, drug-candidates and drugs as well as the most studied targets have been discussed. Currently target compounds (especially 5-en-rhodanines) are assigned as frequent hitters or pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) within high-throughput screening campaigns. Nevertheless, the crucial impact of the presence/nature of C5 substituent (namely 5-ene) on the pharmacological effects of 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones was confirmed by the numerous listed findings from the original articles. The main directions for active 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones optimization have been shown: i) complication of the fragment in the C5 position; ii) introduction of the substituents in the N3 position (especially fragments with carboxylic group or its derivatives); iii) annealing in complex heterocyclic systems; iv) combination with other pharmacologically attractive fragments within hybrid pharmacophore approach. Moreover, the utilization of 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones in the synthesis of complex compounds with potent pharmacological application is described. The chemical transformations cover mainly the reactions which involve the exocyclic double bond in C5 position of the main core and correspond to the abovementioned direction of the 5-ene-4-thiazolidinone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv-10, 79010, Ukraine
| | - Anna Kryshchyshyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv-10, 79010, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv-10, 79010, Ukraine.
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19
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Sharma P, Reddy TS, Kumar NP, Senwar KR, Bhargava SK, Shankaraiah N. Conventional and microwave-assisted synthesis of new 1 H -benzimidazole-thiazolidinedione derivatives: A potential anticancer scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:234-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Miller CJ, Muftuoglu Y, Turk BE. A high throughput assay to identify substrate-selective inhibitors of the ERK protein kinases. Biochem Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28647489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylate a variety of substrates important for survival and proliferation, and their activity is frequently deregulated in tumors. ERK pathway inhibitors have shown clinical efficacy as anti-cancer drugs, but most patients eventually relapse due to reactivation of the pathway. One factor limiting the efficacy of current therapeutics is the difficulty in reaching clinically effective inhibition of the ERK pathway in the absence of on-target toxicities. Here, we describe an assay suitable for high throughput screening to discover substrate selective ERK1/2 inhibitors, which may have a larger therapeutic window than conventional inhibitors. Specifically, we aim to target a substrate-binding pocket within the ERK1/2 catalytic domain outside of the catalytic cleft. The assay uses an AlphaScreen format to detect phosphorylation of a high-efficiency substrate harboring an essential docking site motif. Pilot screening established that the assay is suitably robust for high-throughput screening. Importantly, the assay can be conducted at high ATP concentrations, which we show reduces the discovery of conventional ATP-competitive inhibitors. These studies provide the basis for high-throughput screens to discover new classes of non-conventional ERK1/2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Yagmur Muftuoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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21
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Delong W, Lanying W, Yongling W, Shuang S, Juntao F, Xing Z. Natural α-methylenelactam analogues: Design, synthesis and evaluation of α-alkenyl-γ and δ-lactams as potential antifungal agents against Colletotrichum orbiculare. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 130:286-307. [PMID: 28254700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In our continued efforts to improve the potential utility of the α-methylene-γ-lactone scaffold, 62 new and 59 known natural α-methylenelactam analogues including α-methylene-γ-lactams, α-arylidene-γ and δ-lactams, and 3-arylideneindolin-2-ones were synthesized as the bioisosteric analogues of the α-methylenelactone scaffold. The results of antifungal and cytotoxic activity indicated that among these derivatives compound (E)-1-(2, 6-dichlorobenzyl)-3-(2-fluorobenzylidene) pyrrolidin-2-one (Py51) possessed good selectivity with the highest antifungal activity against Colletotrichum orbiculare with IC50 = 10.4 μM but less cytotoxic activity with IC50 = 141.2 μM (against HepG2 cell line) and 161.2 μM (against human hepatic L02 cell line). Ultrastructural change studies performed by transmission electron microscope showed that Py51 could cause important cell morphological changes in C. orbiculare, such as plasma membrane detached from cell wall, cell wall thickening, mitochondria disruption, a dramatic increase in vacuolation, and eventually a complete loss in the integrity of organelles. Significantly, mitochondria appeared one of the primary targets, as confirmed by their remarkably aberrant morphological changes. Analysis of structure-activity relationships revealed that incorporation of the aryl group into the α-exo-methylene and the N-benzyl substitution increased the activity. Meanwhile, the α-arylidene-γ-lactams have superiority in selectivity over the 3-arylideneindolin-2-ones. Based on the results, the N-benzyl substituted α-(2-fluorophenyl)-γ-lactam was identified as the most promising natural-based scaffold for further discovering and developing improved crop-protection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Delong
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wang Lanying
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Wu Yongling
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Song Shuang
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Feng Juntao
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Zhang Xing
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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22
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Sharma P, Srinivasa Reddy T, Thummuri D, Senwar KR, Praveen Kumar N, Naidu V, Bhargava SK, Shankaraiah N. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new benzimidazole-thiazolidinedione hybrids as potential cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:608-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Senkiv J, Finiuk N, Kaminskyy D, Havrylyuk D, Wojtyra M, Kril I, Gzella A, Stoika R, Lesyk R. 5-Ene-4-thiazolidinones induce apoptosis in mammalian leukemia cells. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 117:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Small-molecule inhibitors of ERK-mediated immediate early gene expression and proliferation of melanoma cells expressing mutated BRaf. Biochem J 2015; 467:425-38. [PMID: 25695333 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are central to regulating the proliferation and survival of many cancer cells. The current inhibitors of ERK1/2 target ATP binding or the catalytic site and are therefore limited in their utility for elucidating the complex biological roles of ERK1/2 through its phosphorylation and regulation of over 100 substrate proteins. To overcome this limitation, a combination of computational and experimental methods was used to identify low-molecular-mass inhibitors that are intended to target ERK1/2 substrate-docking domains and selectively interfere with ERK1/2 regulation of substrate proteins. In the present study, we report the identification and characterization of compounds with a thienyl benzenesulfonate scaffold that were designed to inhibit ERK1/2 substrates containing an F-site or DEF (docking site for ERK, FXF) motif. Experimental evidence shows the compounds inhibit the expression of F-site containing immediate early genes (IEGs) of the Fos family, including c-Fos and Fra1, and transcriptional regulation of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) complex. Moreover, this class of compounds selectively induces apoptosis in melanoma cells containing mutated BRaf and constitutively active ERK1/2 signalling, including melanoma cells that are inherently resistant to clinically relevant kinase inhibitors. These findings represent the identification and initial characterization of a novel class of compounds that inhibit ERK1/2 signalling functions and their potential utility for elucidating ERK1/2 and other signalling events that control the growth and survival of cancer cells containing elevated ERK1/2 activity.
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Paladhi S, Bhati M, Panda D, Dash J. Thiazolidinedione–Isatin Conjugates via an Uncatalyzed Diastereoselective Aldol Reaction on Water. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1473-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402515d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushovan Paladhi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
- Department
of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, 741252, India
| | - Meeta Bhati
- Department
of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, 741252, India
| | - Deepanjan Panda
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
- Department
of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, 741252, India
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