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Hénault J, Quellier P, Mock-Joubert M, Le Narvor C, Alix A, Bonnaffé D. Regioselective Reductive Opening of Benzylidene Acetals with Dichlorophenylborane/Triethylsilane: Previously Unreported Side Reactions and How to Prevent Them. J Org Chem 2022; 87:963-973. [PMID: 35015527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arylidene acetals are widely used protecting groups, because of not only the high regioselectivity of their introduction but also the possibility of performing further regioselective reductive opening in the presence of a hydride donor and an acid catalyst. In this context, the Et3SiH/PhBCl2 system presents several advantages: silanes are efficient, environmentally benign, and user-friendly hydride donors, while PhBCl2 opens the way to unique regioselectivity with regard to all other Brønsted or Lewis acids used with silanes. This system has been extensively used by several groups, and we have demonstrated its high regioselectivity in the reductive opening of 4,6- and 2,4-O-p-methoxybenzylidene moieties in protected disaccharides. Surprisingly, its use on 4,6-O-benzylidene-containing substrates 1 and 2 led to unreproducible yields due to the unexpected formation of several side products. Their characterizations allowed us to identify different pitfalls potentially affecting the outcome of reductive opening of arylidenes with the Et3SiH/PhBCl2 reagent system: alkene hydroboration, azide reduction, and/or Lewis acid-promoted cleavage of the arylidene. With this knowledge, we optimized reproducible and high-yielding reaction conditions that secure and extend the scope of the Et3SiH/PhBCl2 system as a reagent for the regioselective opening of arylidenes in complex and multifunctional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Hénault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pauline Quellier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Maxime Mock-Joubert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christine Le Narvor
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Aurélien Alix
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - David Bonnaffé
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
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Compton BJ, Lagutin K, Dyer BS, Ryan J, MacKenzie A, Stott MB, Nekrasov EV, Painter GF, Vyssotski M. Isolation and Synthesis of Glycophospholipids from the extremophile
Chthonomonas calidirosea. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Compton
- The Ferrier Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington P.O. Box 33–463, Lower Hutt 5046 New Zealand
| | - Kirill Lagutin
- Callaghan Innovation P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040 New Zealand
| | - Blake S. Dyer
- GlycoSyn at Callaghan Innovation PO Box 31–310 Lower Hutt 5040 New Zealand
| | - Jason Ryan
- Callaghan Innovation P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040 New Zealand
| | - Andrew MacKenzie
- Callaghan Innovation P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040 New Zealand
| | - Matthew B. Stott
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Eduard V. Nekrasov
- Callaghan Innovation P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040 New Zealand
- Amur Branch of Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ignatyevskoe Rd. Blagoveshchensk Amurskaya Oblast 675000 Russian Federation
| | - Gavin F. Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington P.O. Box 33–463, Lower Hutt 5046 New Zealand
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Gan CH, Wijaya H, Li LH, Wei CF, Peng YJ, Wu SH, Hua KF, Lam Y. H-Phosphonate Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of an Immunomodulatory Phosphoglycolipid from Thermophilic Bacteria. Org Lett 2020; 22:2569-2573. [PMID: 32202806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a library of bacterial phosphoglycolipid, PGL-1, is described. Key features of the synthesis include regioselective esterification of the primary alcohol of the diacylglycerol moiety and an H-phosphonate method to install the phosphate in PGL-1 in comparison with earlier reported procedures. A representative set of PGL-1 analogues was prepared and evaluated for their biological activities. Results showed that the immunological activity of PGL-1 is dependent on the chain lengths of the fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Heng Gan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hadhi Wijaya
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, No 100, Kunming Street, Taipei 10844, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No 161, Sec 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No 161, Sec 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No 161, Sec 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, No 1 Sec 1 Shennong Road, Yilan County 260, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No 161, Sec 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yulin Lam
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Immunostimulatory Phosphatidylmonogalactosyldiacylglycerols (PGDG) from the Marine Diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii: Inspiration for a Novel Synthetic Toll-Like Receptor 4 Agonist. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020103. [PMID: 30744121 PMCID: PMC6409857 DOI: 10.3390/md17020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented phosphatidylmonogalactosyldiacylglycerol pool (PGDG, 1) rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids was isolated from the marine diatoms Thalassiosira weissflogii. Here we report for the first time the NMR characterization of this rare lipid from marine organisms along with a synthetic strategy for the preparation of a PGDG analog (2). PGDG 1 exhibited immunostimulatory activity in human dendritic cells (DCs) and the synthetic PGDG 2 was prepared to explore its mechanism of action. A Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) agonistic activity was evidenced in human and murine DCs underlying the antigen-specific T-cell activation of this class of molecules.
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Dibello E, Gamenara D, Seoane G. Preparation ofO-Protected Glyceraldehydes as Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2015.1088753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tanaka T, Kikuta N, Kimura Y, Shoda SI. Metal-catalyzed Stereoselective and Protecting-group-free Synthesis of 1,2-cis-Glycosides Using 4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl Glycosides as Glycosyl Donors. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Naoya Kikuta
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Yoshiharu Kimura
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Shin-ichiro Shoda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
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Avinash MB, Govindaraju T. Nanoarchitectonics of biomolecular assemblies for functional applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13348-69. [PMID: 25287110 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04340e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The stringent processes of natural selection and evolution have enabled extraordinary structure-function properties of biomolecules. Specifically, the archetypal designs of biomolecules, such as amino acids, nucleobases, carbohydrates and lipids amongst others, encode unparalleled information, selectivity and specificity. The integration of biomolecules either with functional molecules or with an embodied functionality ensures an eclectic approach for novel and advanced nanotechnological applications ranging from electronics to biomedicine, besides bright prospects in systems chemistry and synthetic biology. Given this intriguing scenario, our feature article intends to shed light on the emerging field of functional biomolecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Avinash
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560064, India.
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Fomich MA, Kvach MV, Navakouski MJ, Weise C, Baranovsky AV, Korshun VA, Shmanai VV. Azide phosphoramidite in direct synthesis of azide-modified oligonucleotides. Org Lett 2014; 16:4590-3. [PMID: 25156193 DOI: 10.1021/ol502155g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Azide and phosphoramidite functions were found to be compatible within one molecule and stable for months in solution kept frozen at -20 °C. An azide-carrying phosphoramidite was used for direct introduction of multiple azide modifications into synthetic oligonucleotides. A series of azide-containing oligonucleotides were modified further using click reactions with alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim A Fomich
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Surganova 13, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
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Ghosh B, Lai YH, Shih YY, Pradhan TK, Lin CH, Mong KKT. Total Synthesis of a Glycoglycerolipid fromMeiothermus taiwanensisthrough a One-Pot Glycosylation Reaction and Exploration of its Immunological Properties. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:3191-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Richardson MB, Williams SJ. A practical synthesis of long-chain iso-fatty acids (iso-C12-C19) and related natural products. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1807-12. [PMID: 24062846 PMCID: PMC3778388 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A gram-scale synthesis of terminally-branched iso-fatty acids (iso-C12–C19) was developed commencing with methyl undec-10-enoate (methyl undecylenate) (for iso-C12–C14) or the C15 and C16 lactones pentadecanolide (for iso-C15–C17) and hexadecanolide (for iso-C18–C19). Central to the approaches outlined is the two-step construction of the terminal isopropyl group through addition of methylmagnesium bromide to the ester/lactones and selective reduction of the resulting tertiary alcohols. Thus, the C12, C17 and C18 iso-fatty acids were obtained in three steps from commercially-available starting materials, and the remaining C13–C16 and C19 iso-fatty acids were prepared by homologation or recursive dehomologations of these fatty acids or through intercepting appropriate intermediates. Highlighting the synthetic potential of the iso-fatty acids and various intermediates prepared herein, we describe the synthesis of the natural products (S)-2,15-dimethylpalmitic acid, (S)-2-hydroxy-15-methylpalmitic acid, and 2-oxo-14-methylpentadecane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Richardson
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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