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Zhang X, Ma Y, Zhang X, Pang X, Yang Z. Bio-inspired self-assembled bacteriochlorin nanoparticles for superior visualization and photothermal ablation of tumors. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115014. [PMID: 37327585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hyperthermia-based photothermal therapy (PTT) has achieved great success in the battle against malignant tumors, various commonly used photothermal sensitizers still suffer from non-selective tumor accumulation, limited photothermal conversion efficiency, potential toxicity and side effects, as well as complex and low cost-effective preparation process. Therefore, novel photothermal sensitizers are urgently required. The well-organized self-assembling of natural bacteriochlorophylls with superior photothermal property may provide an interesting option for the engineering of ideal PTS. METHODS Inspired by the self-assembly peripheral light-harvesting antennas of natural bacteriochlorin in microorganisms, a biomimetic light-harvesting nanosystem (Nano-Bc) was developed via bacteriochlorophylls self-arranging in aqueous phase. The characterization of Nano-Bc were measured using DLS, TEM, UV-vis-near-infrared spectroscopy and preclinical PA imaging system. The cytotoxicity of Nano-Bc was quantitatively evaluated via a standard MTT assay using mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells, and the in vivo photothermal eradication of tumor was investigated in the 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mouse model. RESULTS The obtained bacteriochlorin nanoparticles (Nano-Bc) exhibited ultra-high photothermal performance within the biological transparent window, showing superior heating capacity compared to commonly used photothermal sensitizers of organic dye indocyanine green and inorganic gold nanorods. Guiding by the inherent photoacoustic imaging of Nano-Bc, complete tumor elimination in vitro and vivo was evidenced upon laser irradiation. CONCLUSION The green and facile preparation, ultra-high photothermal effect in the transparent window, excellent photoacoustic imaging capacity, and great biosafety prompt, the bio-inspired Nano-Bc as a promising theranostic platform against cancer in the areas of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Sample HC, Twamley B, Senge MO. Structure of ( R, R)-4-bromo-2-{4-[4-bromo-1-(4-toluene-sulfon-yl)-1 H-pyrrol-2-yl]-1,3-di-nitro-butan-2-yl}-1-(4-toluene-sulfon-yl)-1 H-pyrrole, another ostensible by-product in the synthesis of geminal-dimethyl hydro-dipyrrins. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2023; 79:592-595. [PMID: 37601579 PMCID: PMC10439434 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023004644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of (R,R)-4-bromo-2-{4-[4-bromo-1-(4-toluene-sulfon-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-1,3-di-nitro-butan-2-yl}-1-(4-toluene-sulfon-yl)-1H-pyrrole (1, C26H24Br2N4O8S2) is presented. The title compound was isolated in suitable yield as a by-product in our synthesis of geminal-dimethyl hydro-dipyrrins. We observe an unforeseen enanti-omeric resolution both in the bulk sample and the crystal of 1, with distinct C-H⋯O (Cmeth-yl-H⋯Onitro, Csp 3-H⋯Osulfon-yl) inter-actions observed in the enanti-omers present, along with other inter-actions, namely C5-pyrrol-yl-H⋯Osulfon-yl, forming a polymer along the crystallographic c-axis direction. Whilst pyrrolic fragments are well documented in the literature, little data is found surrounding the 1,3-di-nitro-butane scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C. Sample
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St., D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St., D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Jing H, Wang P, Chen B, Jiang J, Vairaprakash P, Liu S, Rong J, Chen CY, Nalaoh P, Lindsey JS. Synthesis of bacteriochlorins bearing diverse β-substituents. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05852e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eleven bacteriochlorins have been prepared for surface attachment, bioconjugation, water-solubilization, vibrational studies, and elaboration into multichromophore arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Jing
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Pengzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Boyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Pothiappan Vairaprakash
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Jie Rong
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Chih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Phattananawee Nalaoh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
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4
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Wang F, He Y, Tian M, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of α-Formylated N-Heterocycles and Their 1,1-Diacetates from Inactivated Cyclic Amines Involving an Oxidative Ring Contraction. Org Lett 2018; 20:864-867. [PMID: 29345128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthesis of pyrrolidine-2-carbaldehydes or tetrahydropyridine-2-carbaldehydes from the cascade reactions of N-arylpiperidines or N-arylazepanes is presented. Mechanistically, the formation of the title compounds involves an unprecedented oxidative ring contraction of inactivated cyclic amines via Cu(OAc)2/KI/O2-promoted oxidative cleavage and reformation of the C-N bond. Interestingly, when PhI(OAc)2 was used in place of KI, 1,1-diacetates of the corresponding aldehydes were directly obtained with good efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of regioselective C(sp3)-H bond functionalization and C(sp3)-N bond activation of saturated cyclic amines using copper salt and oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yan He
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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5
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Meares A, Satraitis A, Akhigbe J, Santhanam N, Swaminathan S, Ehudin M, Ptaszek M. Amphiphilic BODIPY-Hydroporphyrin Energy Transfer Arrays with Broadly Tunable Absorption and Deep Red/Near-Infrared Emission in Aqueous Micelles. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6054-6070. [PMID: 28516773 PMCID: PMC5873324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BODIPY-hydroporphyrin energy transfer arrays allow for development of a family of fluorophores featuring a common excitation band at 500 nm, tunable excitation band in the deep red/near-infrared window, and tunable emission. Their biomedical applications are contingent upon retaining their optical properties in an aqueous environment. Amphiphilic arrays containing PEG-substituted BODIPY and chlorins or bacteriochlorins were prepared and their optical and fluorescence properties were determined in organic solvents and aqueous surfactants. The first series of arrays contains BODIPYs with PEG substituents attached to the boron, whereas in the second series, PEG substituents are attached to the aryl at the meso positions of BODIPY. For both series of arrays, excitation of BODIPY at 500 nm results in efficient energy transfer to and bright emission of hydroporphyrin in the deep-red (640-660 nm) or near-infrared (740-760 nm) spectral windows. In aqueous solution of nonionic surfactants (Triton X-100 and Tween 20) arrays from the second series exhibit significant quenching of fluorescence, whereas properties of arrays from the first series are comparable to those observed in polar organic solvents. Reported arrays possess large effective Stokes shift (115-260 nm), multiple excitation wavelengths, and narrow, tunable deep-red/near-IR fluorescence in aqueous surfactants, and are promising candidates for a variety of biomedical-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Meares
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, 21250 Maryland, United States
| | - Andrius Satraitis
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, 21250 Maryland, United States
| | - Joshua Akhigbe
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, 21250 Maryland, United States
| | - Nithya Santhanam
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, 21250 Maryland, United States
| | - Subramani Swaminathan
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, 21250 Maryland, United States
| | - Melanie Ehudin
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, 21250 Maryland, United States
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, 21250 Maryland, United States
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Luciano M, Brückner C. Modifications of Porphyrins and Hydroporphyrins for Their Solubilization in Aqueous Media. Molecules 2017; 22:E980. [PMID: 28608838 PMCID: PMC6152633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing popularity of porphyrins and hydroporphyrins for use in a variety of biomedical (photodynamic therapy, fluorescence tagging and imaging, photoacoustic imaging) and technical (chemosensing, catalysis, light harvesting) applications is also associated with the growing number of methodologies that enable their solubilization in aqueous media. Natively, the vast majority of synthetic porphyrinic compounds are not water-soluble. Moreover, any water-solubility imposes several restrictions on the synthetic chemist on when to install solubilizing groups in the synthetic sequence, and how to isolate and purify these compounds. This review summarizes the chemical modifications to render synthetic porphyrins water-soluble, with a focus on the work disclosed since 2000. Where available, practical data such as solubility, indicators for the degree of aggregation, and special notes for the practitioner are listed. We hope that this review will guide synthetic chemists through the many strategies known to make porphyrins and hydroporphyrins water soluble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Luciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
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7
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Zhang N, Jiang J, Liu M, Taniguchi M, Mandal AK, Evans-Storms RB, Pitner JB, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Bioconjugatable, PEGylated Hydroporphyrins for Photochemistry and Photomedicine. Narrow-Band, Near-Infrared-Emitting Bacteriochlorins. NEW J CHEM 2016; 40:7750-7767. [PMID: 28133433 DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01155a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic bacteriochlorins absorb in the near-infrared (NIR) region and are versatile analogues of natural bacteriochlorophylls. The utilization of these chromophores in energy sciences and photomedicine requires the ability to tailor their physicochemical properties, including the incorporation of units to impart water solubility. Herein, we report the synthesis, from two common bacteriochlorin building blocks, of five wavelength-tunable, bioconjugatable and water-soluble bacteriochlorins along with two non-bioconjugatable benchmarks. Each bacteriochlorin bears short polyethylene glycol (PEG) units as the water-solubilizing motif. The PEG groups are located at the 3,5-positions of aryl groups at the pyrrolic β-positions to suppress aggregation in aqueous media. A handle containing a single carboxylic acid is incorporated to allow bioconjugation. The seven water-soluble bacteriochlorins in water display Qy absorption into the NIR range (679-819 nm), sharp emission (21-36 nm full-width-at-half-maximum) and modest fluorescence quantum yield (0.017-0.13). Each bacteriochlorin is neutral (non-ionic) yet soluble in organic (e.g., CH2Cl2, DMF) and aqueous solutions. Water solubility was assessed using absorption spectroscopy by changing the concentration ∼1000-fold (190-690 µM to 0.19-0.69 µM) with a reciprocal change in pathlength (0.1-10 cm). All bacteriochlorins showed excellent solubility in water, except for a bacteriochlorin-imide that gave slight aggregation at higher concentrations. One bacteriochlorin was conjugated to a mouse polyclonal IgG antibody for use in flow cytometry with compensation beads for proof-of-principle. The antibody conjugate of B2-NHS displayed a sharp signal upon ultraviolet laser excitation (355 nm) with NIR emission measured with a 730/45 nm bandpass filter. Overall, the study gives access to a set of water-soluble bacteriochlorins with desirable photophysical properties for use in multiple fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuonuo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204
| | - Mengran Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4889
| | | | | | - David F Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4889
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204
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8
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Liu M, Chen CY, Mandal AK, Chandrashaker V, Evans-Storms RB, Pitner JB, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Bioconjugatable, PEGylated Hydroporphyrins for Photochemistry and Photomedicine. Narrow-Band, Red-Emitting Chlorins. NEW J CHEM 2016; 40:7721-7740. [PMID: 28154477 DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chromophores that absorb and emit in the red spectral region (600-700 nm), are water soluble, and bear a bioconjugatable tether are relatively rare yet would fulfill many applications in photochemistry and photomedicine. Here, three molecular designs have been developed wherein stable synthetic chlorins - analogues of chlorophylls - have been tailored with PEG groups for use in aqueous solution. The designs differ with regard to order of the installation (pre/post-formation of the chlorin macrocycle) and position of the PEG groups. Six PEGylated synthetic chlorins (three free bases, three zinc chelates) have been prepared, of which four are equipped with a bioconjugatable (carboxylic acid) tether. The most effective design for aqueous solubilization entails facial encumbrance where PEG groups project above and below the plane of the hydrophobic disk-like chlorin macrocycle. The chlorins possess strong absorption at ~400 nm (B band) and in the red region (Qy band); regardless of wavelength of excitation, emission occurs in the red region. Excitation in the ~400 nm region thus provides an effective Stokes shift of >200 nm. The four bioconjugatable water-soluble chlorins exhibit Qy absorption/emission in water at 613/614, 636/638, 698/700 and 706/710 nm. The spectral properties are essentially unchanged in DMF and water for the facially encumbered chlorins, which also exhibit narrow Qy absorption and emission bands (full-width-at-half maximum of each <25 nm). The water-solubility was assessed by absorption spectroscopy over the concentration range ~0.4 μM - 0.4 mM. One chlorin was conjugated to a mouse polyclonal IgG antibody for use in flow cytometry with compensation beads for proof-of-principle. The conjugate displayed a sharp signal when excited by a violet laser (405 nm) with emission in the 620-660 nm range. Taken together, the designs described herein augur well for development of a set of spectrally distinct chlorins with relatively sharp bands in the red region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204
| | - Chih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4889
| | | | | | | | - David F Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4889
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204
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9
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Yang E, Zhang N, Krayer M, Taniguchi M, Diers JR, Kirmaier C, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Integration of Cyanine, Merocyanine and Styryl Dye Motifs with Synthetic Bacteriochlorins. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 92:111-25. [PMID: 26505265 DOI: 10.1111/php.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of substituents on spectral properties is essential for the rational design of tailored bacteriochlorins for light-harvesting and other applications. Toward this goal, three new bacteriochlorins containing previously unexplored conjugating substituents have been prepared and characterized. The conjugating substituents include two positively charged species, 2-(N-ethyl 2-quinolinium)vinyl- (B-1) and 2-(N-ethyl 4-pyridinium)vinyl- (B-2), and a neutral group, acroleinyl- (B-3); the charged species resemble cyanine (or styryl) dye motifs whereas the neutral unit resembles a merocyanine dye motif. The three bacteriochlorins are examined by static and time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy and density functional theoretical calculations. B-1 and B-2 have Qy absorption bathochromically shifted well into the NIR region (822 and 852 nm), farther than B-3 (793 nm) and other 3,13-disubstituted bacteriochlorins studied previously. B-1 and B-2 have broad Qy absorption and fluorescence features with large peak separation (Stokes shift), low fluorescence yields, and shortened S1 (Qy ) excited-state lifetimes (~700 ps and ~100 ps). More typical spectra and S1 lifetime (~2.3 ns) are found for B-3. The combined photophysical and molecular-orbital characteristics suggest the altered spectra and enhanced nonradiative S1 decay of B-1 and B-2 derive from excited-state configurations in which electron density is shifted between the macrocycle and the substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nuonuo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Michael Krayer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | | | - James R Diers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | | | | | - David F Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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10
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Zhang N, Reddy KR, Jiang J, Taniguchi M, Sommer RD, Lindsey JS. Elaboration of an unexplored substitution site in synthetic bacteriochlorins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to introduce substituents at designated sites about the perimeter of synthetic bacteriochlorins – analogs of bacteriochlorophylls of bacterial photosynthesis – remains a subject of ongoing study. Here, the self-condensation of a dihydrodipyrrin-dioxolane affords a 5-[2-(trimethylsiloxy)ethoxy]bacteriochlorin. Like a 5-methoxybacteriochlorin, the latter undergoes regioselective bromination at the 15-position, directed by the distal 5-alkoxy group. On the other hand, attempted bromination of a bacteriochlorin bearing a 5-(2-hydroxyethoxy) group resulted in intramolecular ether formation with the adjacent β-pyrroline position to give an annulated dioxepine ring (confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structural analysis). The hydroxyethoxy group at the 5-position can be derivatized by acylation. In addition, the installation of auxochromes (methoxycarbonyl, phenylethynyl) at the β-pyrrole rings causes a substantial bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength absorption band (812 nm) and companion fluorescence emission band (821 nm). Taken together, the modification of the 5-substituent complements existing methods for installing a single substituent on the bacteriochlorin macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuonuo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - Kanumuri Ramesh Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - Roger D. Sommer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
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11
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Vairaprakash P, Yang E, Sahin T, Taniguchi M, Krayer M, Diers JR, Wang A, Niedzwiedzki DM, Kirmaier C, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Extending the Short and Long Wavelength Limits of Bacteriochlorin Near-Infrared Absorption via Dioxo- and Bisimide-Functionalization. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4382-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512818g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pothiappan Vairaprakash
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Eunkyung Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Tuba Sahin
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Michael Krayer
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - James R. Diers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Alfred Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
- Photosynthetic
Antenna Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
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12
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Heyer E, Lory P, Leprince J, Moreau M, Romieu A, Guardigli M, Roda A, Ziessel R. Highly Fluorescent and Water-Soluble Diketopyrrolopyrrole Dyes for Bioconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Heyer E, Lory P, Leprince J, Moreau M, Romieu A, Guardigli M, Roda A, Ziessel R. Highly Fluorescent and Water-Soluble Diketopyrrolopyrrole Dyes for Bioconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2995-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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14
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Jiang J, Chen CY, Zhang N, Vairaprakash P, Lindsey JS. Polarity-tunable and wavelength-tunable bacteriochlorins bearing a single carboxylic acid or NHS ester. Use in a protein bioconjugation model system. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
10 new near-infrared absorbing bacteriochlorins (soluble in aqueous or membranous media) are equipped for protein bioconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Chih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Nuonuo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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15
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Jiang J, Yang E, Reddy KR, Niedzwiedzki DM, Kirmaier C, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Synthetic bacteriochlorins bearing polar motifs (carboxylate, phosphonate, ammonium and a short PEG). Water-solubilization, bioconjugation, and photophysical properties. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00759c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bacteriochlorin scaffold has been derivatized for life sciences applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Eunkyung Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- USA
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16
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Jiang J, Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Near-infrared tunable bacteriochlorins equipped for bioorthogonal labeling. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00209e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nine new near-infrared absorbing (729–820 nm) synthetic bacteriochlorins are equipped with one of four reactive groups for bioorthogonal conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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17
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Novel polycarboxylate porphyrins: synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties and preliminary antimicrobial study against Gram-positive bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:355-62. [PMID: 25475206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of two new polycarboxylic photosensitizers. Owing to their structural design, these two compounds show water solubilities larger than natural carboxylic photosensitizers (e.g., protoporphyrin IX, hematoporphyrin, etc.) and also good singlet oxygen quantum yields. These compounds were tested as photo-antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus strains. Results reveal that their photocytotoxicities are strongly dependent on their amphiphilic character and more precisely the number and position of the carboxylic acid and mesityl substituents.
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18
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Jiang J, Reddy KR, Pavan MP, Lubian E, Harris MA, Jiao J, Niedzwiedzki DM, Kirmaier C, Parkes-Loach PS, Loach PA, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Amphiphilic, hydrophilic, or hydrophobic synthetic bacteriochlorins in biohybrid light-harvesting architectures: consideration of molecular designs. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 122:187-202. [PMID: 24997120 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrid light-harvesting architectures can be constructed that employ native-like bacterial photosynthetic antenna peptides as a scaffold to which synthetic chromophores are attached to augment overall spectral coverage. Synthetic bacteriochlorins are attractive to enhance capture of solar radiation in the photon-rich near-infrared spectral region. The effect of the polarity of the bacteriochlorin substituents on the antenna self-assembly process was explored by the preparation of a bacteriochlorin-peptide conjugate using a synthetic amphiphilic bacteriochlorin (B1) to complement prior studies using hydrophilic (B2, four carboxylic acids) or hydrophobic (B3) bacteriochlorins. The amphiphilic bioconjugatable bacteriochlorin B1 with a polar ammonium-terminated tail was synthesized by sequential Pd-mediated reactions of a 3,13-dibromo-5-methoxybacteriochlorin. Each bacteriochlorin bears a maleimido-terminated tether for attachment to a cysteine-containing analog of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides antenna β-peptide to give conjugates β-B1, β-B2, and β-B3. Given the hydrophobic nature of the β-peptide, the polarity of B1 and B2 facilitated purification of the respective conjugate compared to the hydrophobic B3. Bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) associates with each conjugate in aqueous micellar media to form a dyad containing two β-peptides, two covalently attached synthetic bacteriochlorins, and a datively bonded BChl-a pair, albeit to a limited extent for β-B2. The reversible assembly/disassembly of dyad (β-B2/BChl)2 was examined in aqueous detergent (octyl glucoside) solution by temperature variation (15-35 °C). The energy-transfer efficiency from the synthetic bacteriochlorin to the BChl-a dimer was found to be 0.85 for (β-B1/BChl)2, 0.40 for (β-B2/BChl)2, and 0.85 for (β-B3/BChl)2. Thus, in terms of handling, assembly and energy-transfer efficiency taken together, the amphiphilic design examined herein is more attractive than the prior hydrophilic or hydrophobic designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, USA
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19
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Qian J, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Liu T, Zhang G. Dimethyl Sulfoxide Participating in Copper(I) Iodide-Catalyzed Cascade Oxidation/Formylation Reactions: The Synthesis of α-Formylpyrroles from 2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrroles. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Zhang Z, Tian Q, Qian J, Liu Q, Liu T, Shi L, Zhang G. Dimethyl Sulfoxide Participant Iron-Mediated Cascade Oxidation/α-Formylation Reaction of Substituted 2,3-Dihydropyrroles under Air and Protonic Acid Free Condition. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8182-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501385w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Qing Tian
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Qian
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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