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Mandal PK, Patel S, Katukojvala S. Enal-azomethine ylides: application in the synthesis of functionalized pyrroles. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 38953694 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00859f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation of diazoenals and N-alkyl imines resulted in N-alkyl-pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde derivatives. The reaction involves thermal 6π-electrocyclization and aromatization of a new class of enal-azomethine ylides (EAYs). The EAYs derived from dihydroisoquinoline and 2H-azirine gave fused-pyrrole and pyridine derivatives, respectively. The synthetic importance of pyrrole products has been demonstrated by one-step synthesis of the biologically relevant pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline scaffold as well as pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline which is a core structure of lamellarin alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066 India.
| | - Sandeep Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066 India.
| | - Sreenivas Katukojvala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066 India.
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2
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Pookkandam Parambil S, Pulikkal Veettil S, Dehaen W. The Synthesis of Five-Membered N-Heterocycles by Cycloaddition of Nitroalkenes with (In)Organic Azides and Other 1,3-Dipoles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1547-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCycloaddition reactions have emerged as rapid and powerful methods for constructing heterocycles and carbocycles. [3+2] Cycloadditions of nitroalkenes with various 1,3-dipoles have been an interesting research area for many organic chemists. This review outlines the synthesis of N-substituted and NH-1,2,3-triazoles along with other five-membered N-heterocycles through cycloaddition reactions of nitroalkenes.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoles2.1 Synthesis of NH-1,2,3-Triazoles2.2 Synthesis of N-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles3 Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and Pyrroles4 Synthesis of Pyrazoles5 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandev Pookkandam Parambil
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven
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3
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Saha M, Das AR. Nanocrystalline ZnO: A Competent and Reusable Catalyst for the Preparation of Pharmacology Relevant Heterocycles in the Aqueous Medium. CURRENT GREEN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2213346107666200218122718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
:Nanoparticle catalyzed synthesis is a green and convenient method to achieve most of the chemical transformations in water or other green solvents. Nanoparticle ensures an easy isolation process of catalyst as well as products from the reaction mixture avoiding the hectic work up procedure. Zinc oxide is a biocompatible, environmentally benign and economically viable nanocatalyst with effectivity comparable to the other metal nanocatalyst employed in several reaction strategies. This review mainly focuses on the recent applications of zinc oxide in the synthesis of biologically important heterocyclic molecules under sustainable reaction conditions.:Application of zinc oxide in organic synthesis: Considering the achievable advantages of this nanocatalyst, presently several research groups are paying attention in anchoring zincoxide or its modified structure in several types of organic conversions e.g. multicomponent reactions, ligand-free coupling reactions, cycloaddition reaction, etc. The advantages and limitations of this nanocatalyst are also demonstrated. The present study aims to highlight the recent multifaceted applications of ZnO towards the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic motifs. Being a promising biocompatible nanoparticle, this catalyst has an important contribution in the fields of synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Asish R. Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700009, India
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Leonova MV, Belaya NV, Baimuratov MR, Rybakov VB, Klimochkin YN. Structural Transformations of 2-(Adamantan-1-Yl)Aziridines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rao MP, Gunaga SS, Zuegg J, Pamarthi R, Ganesh M. Highly regio- and diastereoselective [3 + 2]-cycloadditions involving indolediones and α,β-disubstituted nitroethylenes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9390-9402. [PMID: 31631197 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01429b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A highly diastereoselective [3 + 2]-cycloaddition strategy involving multiple oxindoles and several α,β-disubstituted nitroethylenes is developed to access tetra-substituted α-spiropyrrolidine frameworks. A variety of α-amino acids were employed for the first time in order to generate azomethine ylides under thermal conditions, affording regioisomers 13 and 14 merely by changing the α-substituents (R = H and substituted carbons) of the α-amino acids. The reaction tolerates various sterically demanding, electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl and nitrogen substituents on glycines, oxindoles and nitroethylenes. The operational simplicity, such as the use of a metal-free and non-inert environment, the utilization of non-halogenated solvents and the ease of isolation, adhering to the principles of green chemistry, makes this process attractive for scale-up opportunities. The reaction delivers good yields (80-94%) and diastereoselectivities (up to 98 : 2) in favor of (cis,cis)-spirooxindoles, with opposite regioselectivity compared to β-nitrostyrenes under identical conditions. Two spiropyrrolidine cycloadducts with unprotected amides exhibited significant activity against Gram-positive MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri P Rao
- Department of Chemistry, B.M.S College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Bengaluru 560019, India.
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6
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Kumar V, Awasthi A, Metya A, Khan T. A Metal-Free Domino Process for Regioselective Synthesis of 1,2,4-Trisubstituted Pyrroles: Application toward the Formal Synthesis of Ningalin B. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11581-11595. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Khurdha 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Annapurna Awasthi
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Khurdha 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Abhisek Metya
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Khurdha 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Tabrez Khan
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Khurdha 752050, Odisha, India
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Andreou D, Kallitsakis MG, Loukopoulos E, Gabriel C, Kostakis GE, Lykakis IN. Copper-Promoted Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles from Aldehydes, Amines, and Nitroalkenes via 1,2-Phenyl/Alkyl Migration. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2104-2113. [PMID: 29355321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The facile copper-catalyzed synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles from aldehydes, amines, and β-nitroalkenes is reported. Remarkably, the use of α-methyl-substituted aldehydes provides efficient access to a series of tetra- and pentasubstituted pyrroles via an overwhelming 1,2-phenyl/alkyl migration. The present methodology is also accessible to non α-substituted aldehydes, yielding the corresponding trisubstituted pyrroles. On the contrary, the use of ketones, in place of aldehydes, does not promote the organic transformation, signifying the necessity of α-substituted aldehydes. The reaction proceeds under mild catalytic conditions with low catalyst loading (0.3-1 mol %), a broad scope, very good functional-group tolerance, and high yields and can be easily scaled up to more than 3 mmol of product, thus highlighting a useful synthetic application of the present catalytic protocol. Based on formal kinetic studies, a possible radical pathway is proposed that involves the formation of an allylic nitrogen radical intermediate, which in turn reacts with the nitroalkene to yield the desired pyrrole framework via a radical 1,2-phenyl or alkyl migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward Loukopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex , Brighton BN19QJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - George E Kostakis
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex , Brighton BN19QJ, United Kingdom
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Zhou NN, Zhu HT, Yang DS, Guan ZH. Recent developments in the group-1B-metal-catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7136-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00962j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyrroles are important synthetic targets as a result of their occurrence in numerous biologically active molecules, their important roles in diverse living processes, and their utility as versatile intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Ni Zhou
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry
- Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
- Baoji 721013
- China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhu
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry
- Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
- Baoji 721013
- China
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
| | - De-Suo Yang
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry
- Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
- Baoji 721013
- China
| | - Zheng-Hui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- China
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Wang QL, Cai T, Zhou J, Tian F, Xu XY, Wang LX. An unprecedented base-promoted domino reaction of methyleneindolinones and N-tosyloxycarbamates for the construction of bispirooxindoles and spiroaziridine oxindoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10726-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03793j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and unprecedented domino reaction of methyleneindolinones andN-tosyloxycarbamates was realized to construct bispirooxindoles and spirooxindole aziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Tian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Fang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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Lapinsky DJ. Three-Membered Ring Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100024-3.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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11
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Wang P, Ma FP, Zhang ZH. l-(+)-Tartaric acid and choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent: An efficient and reusable medium for synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles via Clauson-Kaas reaction. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Soeta T, Miyamoto Y, Fujinami S, Ukaji Y. The Lewis acid-catalyzed [3+1+1] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with isocyanides. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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