1
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Nakanishi T, Terada M. Computational molecular refinement to enhance enantioselectivity by reinforcing hydrogen bonding interactions in major reaction pathway. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5712-5721. [PMID: 37265716 PMCID: PMC10231322 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01637d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational analyses have revealed that the distortion of a catalyst and the substrates and their interactions are key to determining the stability of the transition state. Hence, two strategies "distortion strategy" and "interaction strategy" can be proposed for improving enantiomeric excess in enantioselective reactions. The "distortion strategy" is used as a conventional approach that destabilizes the TS (transition state) of the minor pathway. On the other hand, the "interaction strategy" focuses on the stabilization of the TS of the major pathway in which an enhancement of the reaction rate is expected. To realize this strategy, we envisioned the TS stabilization of the major reaction pathway by reinforcing hydrogen bonding and adopted the chiral phosphoric acid-catalysed enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction of 2-vinylquinolines with dienylcarbamates. The intended "interaction strategy" led to remarkable improvements in the enantioselectivity and reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
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2
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3
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Unnikrishnan A, Sunoj RB. Iridium-Catalyzed Regioselective Borylation through C-H Activation and the Origin of Ligand-Dependent Regioselectivity Switching. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15618-15630. [PMID: 34598435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research efforts in catalytic regioselective borylation using C-H bond activation of arenes have gained considerable recent attention. The ligand-enabled regiocontrol, such as in the borylation of benzaldehyde, the selectivity could be switched from the ortho to meta position, under identical conditions, by just changing the external ligand (L) from 8-aminoquinoline (8-AQ) to tetramethylphenanthroline (TMP). The DFT(B3LYP-D3) computations helped us learn that the energetically preferred catalytic pathway includes the formation of an Ir-π-complex between the active catalyst [Ir(L)(Bpin)3] and benzaldimine, a C-H bond oxidative addition (OA) to form an Ir(V)aryl-hydride intermediate, and a reductive elimination to furnish the borylated benzaldehyde as the final product. The lowest energetic span (δEortho = 26 kcal/mol with 8-AQ) is noted in the ortho borylation pathway, with the OA transition state (TS) as the turnover-determining TS. The change in regiochemical preference to the meta borylation (δEmeta = 26) with TMP is identified. A hemilabile mode of 8-AQ participation is found to exhibit a δEortho of 24 kcal/mol for the ortho borylation, relative to that in the chelate mode (δEortho = 26 kcal/mol). The predicted regioselectivity switching is in good agreement with the earlier experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Unnikrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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4
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Abstract
Computational methods have emerged as a powerful tool to augment traditional experimental molecular catalyst design by providing useful predictions of catalyst performance and decreasing the time needed for catalyst screening. In this perspective, we discuss three approaches for computational molecular catalyst design: (i) the reaction mechanism-based approach that calculates all relevant elementary steps, finds the rate and selectivity determining steps, and ultimately makes predictions on catalyst performance based on kinetic analysis, (ii) the descriptor-based approach where physical/chemical considerations are used to find molecular properties as predictors of catalyst performance, and (iii) the data-driven approach where statistical analysis as well as machine learning (ML) methods are used to obtain relationships between available data/features and catalyst performance. Following an introduction to these approaches, we cover their strengths and weaknesses and highlight some recent key applications. Furthermore, we present an outlook on how the currently applied approaches may evolve in the near future by addressing how recent developments in building automated computational workflows and implementing advanced ML models hold promise for reducing human workload, eliminating human bias, and speeding up computational catalyst design at the same time. Finally, we provide our viewpoint on how some of the challenges associated with the up-and-coming approaches driven by automation and ML may be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Soyemi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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5
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Kerr WJ, Knox GJ, Reid M, Tuttle T, Bergare J, Bragg RA. Computationally-Guided Development of a Chelated NHC-P Iridium(I) Complex for the Directed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange of Aryl Sulfones. ACS Catal 2020; 10:11120-11126. [PMID: 33123410 PMCID: PMC7587147 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the rational, computationally-guided design of an iridium(I) catalyst system capable of enabling directed hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) with the challenging sulfone directing group. Substrate binding energy was used as a parameter to guide rational ligand design via an in silico catalyst screen, resulting in a lead series of chelated iridium(I) NHC-phosphine complexes. Subsequent preparative studies show that the optimal catalyst system displays high levels of activity in HIE, and we demonstrate the labeling of a broad scope of substituted aryl sulfones. We also show that the activity of the catalyst is maintained at low pressures of deuterium gas and apply these conditions to tritium radiolabeling, including the expedient synthesis of a tritium-labeled drug molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - Gary J. Knox
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - Marc Reid
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - Jonas Bergare
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-43183, Sweden
| | - Ryan A. Bragg
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
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6
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Maley SM, Kwon DH, Rollins N, Stanley JC, Sydora OL, Bischof SM, Ess DH. Quantum-mechanical transition-state model combined with machine learning provides catalyst design features for selective Cr olefin oligomerization. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9665-9674. [PMID: 34094231 PMCID: PMC8161675 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of data science tools to provide the emergence of non-trivial chemical features for catalyst design is an important goal in catalysis science. Additionally, there is currently no general strategy for computational homogeneous, molecular catalyst design. Here, we report the unique combination of an experimentally verified DFT-transition-state model with a random forest machine learning model in a campaign to design new molecular Cr phosphine imine (Cr(P,N)) catalysts for selective ethylene oligomerization, specifically to increase 1-octene selectivity. This involved the calculation of 1-hexene : 1-octene transition-state selectivity for 105 (P,N) ligands and the harvesting of 14 descriptors, which were then used to build a random forest regression model. This model showed the emergence of several key design features, such as Cr-N distance, Cr-α distance, and Cr distance out of pocket, which were then used to rapidly design a new generation of Cr(P,N) catalyst ligands that are predicted to give >95% selectivity for 1-octene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Maley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Doo-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Nick Rollins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Johnathan C Stanley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Orson L Sydora
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP 1862, Kingwood Drive Kingwood Texas 77339 USA
| | - Steven M Bischof
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP 1862, Kingwood Drive Kingwood Texas 77339 USA
| | - Daniel H Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
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7
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Ahn S, Hong M, Sundararajan M, Ess DH, Baik MH. Design and Optimization of Catalysts Based on Mechanistic Insights Derived from Quantum Chemical Reaction Modeling. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6509-6560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seihwan Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Sundararajan
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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8
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Guan Y, Ingman VM, Rooks BJ, Wheeler SE. AARON: An Automated Reaction Optimizer for New Catalysts. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:5249-5261. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Victoria M. Ingman
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Rooks
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Steven E. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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9
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Huber R, Passera A, Gubler E, Mezzetti A. P-Stereogenic PN(H)P Iron(II) Catalysts for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones: The Importance of Non-Covalent Interactions in Rational Ligand Design by Computation. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Huber
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Switzerland
| | | | - Erik Gubler
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Switzerland
| | - Antonio Mezzetti
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Switzerland
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10
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Kwon DH, Fuller JT, Kilgore UJ, Sydora OL, Bischof SM, Ess DH. Computational Transition-State Design Provides Experimentally Verified Cr(P,N) Catalysts for Control of Ethylene Trimerization and Tetramerization. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Hyun Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Jack T. Fuller
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Uriah J. Kilgore
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Orson L. Sydora
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Steven M. Bischof
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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11
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Korenaga T, Sasaki R, Takemoto T, Yasuda T, Watanabe M. Computationally-Led Ligand Modification using Interplay between Theory and Experiments: Highly Active Chiral Rhodium Catalyst Controlled by Electronic Effects and CH-π Interactions. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Korenaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Iwate University; 4-3-5 Ueda Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Iwate University; 4-3-5 Ueda Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - Toshihide Takemoto
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division; Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Soka; Saitama 340-0003 Japan
| | - Toshihisa Yasuda
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division; Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Soka; Saitama 340-0003 Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division; Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Soka; Saitama 340-0003 Japan
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12
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Maji R, Mallojjala SC, Wheeler SE. Chiral phosphoric acid catalysis: from numbers to insights. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1142-1158. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00475j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) have emerged as powerful organocatalysts for asymmetric reactions, and applications of computational quantum chemistry have revealed important insights into the activity and selectivity of these catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | | | - Steven E. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
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13
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Guan Y, Wheeler SE. Automated Quantum Mechanical Predictions of Enantioselectivity in a Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9101-9105. [PMID: 28586140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A computational toolkit (AARON: An automated reaction optimizer for new catalysts) is described that automates the density functional theory (DFT) based screening of chiral ligands for transition-metal-catalyzed reactions with well-defined reaction mechanisms but multiple stereocontrolling transition states. This is demonstrated for the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of (E)-β-aryl-N-acetyl enamides, for which a new C2 -symmetric phosphorus ligand is designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
| | - Steven E Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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14
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Guan Y, Wheeler SE. Automated Quantum Mechanical Predictions of Enantioselectivity in a Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guan
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77842 USA
| | - Steven E. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77842 USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
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15
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Yuan H, Zhang J. Mechanistic insights on DBU catalyzedβ-amination of nbs to chalcone driving by water: Multiple roles of water. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:438-445. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yuan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
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16
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Fang RQ, Yuan HK, Wang XL, Zhu HL. Anagostic C-H⋅⋅⋅Ni interaction and DFT calculation of bis(μ-N,O-((E)-2-((cyclohexylmethylimino)methyl)phenol)–nickel(II) complex. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2016.1216450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qin Fang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Kun Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian-Long Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- School of Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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17
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Du W, Gu Q, Li Y, Lin Z, Yang D. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cascade Cyclization of Aliphatic Alkenyl Amides. Org Lett 2017; 19:316-319. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiangshuai Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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18
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Sunoj RB. Transition State Models for Understanding the Origin of Chiral Induction in Asymmetric Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1019-28. [PMID: 27101013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In asymmetric catalysis, a chiral catalyst bearing chiral center(s) is employed to impart chirality to developing stereogenic center(s). A rich and diverse set of chiral catalysts is now available in the repertoire of synthetic organic chemistry. The most recent trends point to the emergence of axially chiral catalysts based on binaphthyl motifs, in particular, BINOL-derived phosphoric acids and phosphoramidites. More fascinating ideas took shape in the form of cooperative multicatalysis wherein organo- and transition-metal catalysts are made to work in concert. At the heart of all such manifestations of asymmetric catalysis, classical or contemporary, is the stereodetermining transition state, which holds a perennial control over the stereochemical outcome of the catalytic process. Delving one step deeper, one would find that the origin of the stereoselectivity is delicately dependent on the relative stabilization of one transition state, responsible for the formation of the predominant stereoisomer, over the other transition state for the minor stereoisomer. The most frequently used working hypothesis to rationalize the experimentally observed stereoselectivity places an undue emphasis on steric factors and tends to regard the same as the origin of facial discrimination between the prochiral faces of the reacting partners. In light of the increasing number of asymmetric catalysts that rely on hydrogen bonding as well as other weak non-covalent interactions, it is important to take cognizance of the involvement of such interactions in the sterocontrolling transition states. Modern density functional theories offer a pragmatic and effective way to capture non-covalent interactions in transition states. Aided by the availability of such improved computational tools, it is quite timely that the molecular origin of stereoselectivity is subjected to more intelligible analysis. In this Account, we describe interesting molecular insights into the stereocontrolling transition states of five reaction types, three of which provide access to chiral quaternary carbon atoms. While each reaction has its own utility and interest, the focus of our research has been on the mechanism and the origin of the enantio- and diastereoselectivity. In all of the examples, such as asymmetric diamination, sulfoxidation, allylation, and Wacker-type ring expansion, the role played by non-covalent interactions in the stereocontrolling transition states has been identified as crucial. The transfer of the chiral information from the chiral catalyst to the product is identified as taking place through a series of non-covalent interactions between the catalyst and a given position/orientation of the substrate in the chiral environment offered by the axially chiral catalyst. The molecular insights enunciated herein allude to abundant opportunities for rational modifications of the present generation of catalysts and the choice of substrates in these as well as related families of reactions. It is our intent to propose that the domain of asymmetric catalysis could enjoy additional benefits by having knowledge of the vital stereoelectronic interactions in the stereocontrolling transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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19
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Lee A, Kim H. Chiral Bicyclic Bridgehead Phosphoramidite (Briphos) Ligands for Asymmetric Rhodium-Catalyzed 1,2- and 1,4-Addition. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3520-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ansoo Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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20
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Bhaskararao B, Sunoj RB. Origin of Stereodivergence in Cooperative Asymmetric Catalysis with Simultaneous Involvement of Two Chiral Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15712-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bangaru Bhaskararao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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21
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22
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Kitamura K, Shimada N, Stewart C, Atesin AC, Ateşin TA, Tius MA. Enantioselective Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Nazarov-Type Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6288-91. [PMID: 25833716 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kitamura
- Chemistry Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822 (USA)
| | - Naoyuki Shimada
- Chemistry Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822 (USA)
| | - Craig Stewart
- Chemistry Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822 (USA)
| | - Abdurrahman C Atesin
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539-2999 (USA)
| | - Tülay A Ateşin
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539-2999 (USA)
| | - Marcus A Tius
- Chemistry Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822 (USA).
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 (USA).
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23
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Jindal G, Kisan HK, Sunoj RB. Mechanistic Insights on Cooperative Catalysis through Computational Quantum Chemical Methods. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501688y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Jindal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Hemanta K. Kisan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Jindal G, Sunoj RB. Importance of Ligand Exchanges in Pd(II)-Brønsted Acid Cooperative Catalytic Approach to Spirocyclic Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15998-6008. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5076629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Jindal
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
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Jindal G, Sunoj RB. Mechanistic Insights on Cooperative Asymmetric Multicatalysis Using Chiral Counterions. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7600-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501322v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Jindal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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