1
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Ultrasound triggered organic mechanoluminescence materials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114343. [PMID: 35580814 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound induced organic mechanoluminescence materials have become one of the focal topics in wireless light sources since they exhibit high spatiotemporal resolution, biocompatibility and excellent tissue penetration depth. These properties promote great potential in ultrahigh sensitive bioimaging with no background noise and noninvasive nanodevices. Recent advances in chemistry, nanotechnology and biomedical research are revolutionizing ultrasound induced organic mechanoluminescence. Herein, we try to summarize some recent researches in ultrasound induced mechanoluminescence that use various materials design strategies based on the molecular conformational changes and cycloreversion reaction. Practical applications, like noninvasive bioimaging and noninvasive optogenetics, are also presented and prospected.
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2
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Revealing Localised Mechanochemistry of Biomaterials Using In Situ Multiscale Chemical Analysis. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103462. [PMID: 35629492 PMCID: PMC9144768 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study of mechanical and chemical phenomena arising within a material that is being subjected to external stress is termed mechanochemistry (MC). Recent advances in MC have revealed the prospect not only to enable a greener route to chemical transformations but also to offer previously unobtainable opportunities in the production and screening of biomaterials. To date, the field of MC has been constrained by the inability of current characterisation techniques to provide essential localised multiscale chemically mapping information. A potential method to overcome this is secondary electron hyperspectral imaging (SEHI). SEHI is a multiscale material characterisation technique applied within a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the collection of secondary electron (SE) emission spectra at low primary beam energies, SEHI is applicable to the chemical assessment of uncoated polymer surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that SEHI can provide in situ MC information using poly(glycerol sebacate)-methacrylate (PGS-M) as an example biomaterial of interest. This study brings the use of a bespoke in situ SEM holder together with the application of SEHI to provide, for the first time, enhanced biomaterial mechanochemical characterisation.
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3
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Rifaie‐Graham O, Galensowske NFB, Dean C, Pollard J, Balog S, Gouveia MG, Chami M, Vian A, Amstad E, Lattuada M, Bruns N. Shear Stress-Responsive Polymersome Nanoreactors Inspired by the Marine Bioluminescence of Dinoflagellates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:904-909. [PMID: 32961006 PMCID: PMC7839717 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Some marine plankton called dinoflagellates emit light in response to the movement of surrounding water, resulting in a phenomenon called milky seas or sea sparkle. The underlying concept, a shear-stress induced permeabilisation of biocatalytic reaction compartments, is transferred to polymer-based nanoreactors. Amphiphilic block copolymers that carry nucleobases in their hydrophobic block are self-assembled into polymersomes. The membrane of the vesicles can be transiently switched between an impermeable and a semipermeable state by shear forces occurring in flow or during turbulent mixing of polymersome dispersions. Nucleobase pairs in the hydrophobic leaflet separate when mechanical force is applied, exposing their hydrogen bonding motifs and therefore making the membrane less hydrophobic and more permeable for water soluble compounds. This polarity switch is used to release payload of the polymersomes on demand, and to activate biocatalytic reactions in the interior of the polymersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rifaie‐Graham
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
- Current address: Department of Materials and Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | | | - Charlie Dean
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Jonas Pollard
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Micael G. Gouveia
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeThomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Mohamed Chami
- BioEM labCenter of Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA)BiozentrumUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 264058BaselSwitzerland
| | - Antoine Vian
- Soft Materials LaboratoryInstitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SMALMXC 231 Station 121015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials LaboratoryInstitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SMALMXC 231 Station 121015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 91700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeThomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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4
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Rifaie‐Graham O, Galensowske NFB, Dean C, Pollard J, Balog S, Gouveia MG, Chami M, Vian A, Amstad E, Lattuada M, Bruns N. Shear Stress‐Responsive Polymersome Nanoreactors Inspired by the Marine Bioluminescence of Dinoflagellates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rifaie‐Graham
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
- Current address: Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering Institute of Biomedical Engineering Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | - Charlie Dean
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Jonas Pollard
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Micael G. Gouveia
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Mohamed Chami
- BioEM lab Center of Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA) Biozentrum University of Basel Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Antoine Vian
- Soft Materials Laboratory Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SMAL MXC 231 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials Laboratory Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SMAL MXC 231 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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5
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Deneke N, Rencheck ML, Davis CS. An engineer's introduction to mechanophores. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6230-6252. [PMID: 32567642 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanophores (MPs) are a class of stimuli-responsive materials that are of increasing interest to engineers due to their potential applications as stress sensors. These mechanically responsive molecules change color or become fluorescent upon application of a mechanical stimulus as they undergo a chemical reaction when a load is applied. By incorporating MPs such as spirolactam, spiropyran, or dianthracene into a material system, the real-time stress distribution of the matrix can be directly observed through a visual response, ideal for damage and failure sensing applications. A wide array of applications that require continuous structural health monitoring could benefit from MPs including flexible electronics, protective coatings, and polymer matrix composites. However, there are significant technical challenges preventing MP implementation in industry. Effective strategies to quantitatively calibrate the photo response of the MP with applied stress magnitudes must be developed. Additionally, environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet light exposure can potentially impact the performance of MPs. By addressing these limitations, engineers can work to move MPs from the synthetic chemistry bench to the field. This review aims to highlight recent progress in MP research, discuss barriers to implementation, and provide an outlook on the future of MPs, specifically focused on polymeric material systems. Although the focus is on engineering MPs for bulk materials, a brief overview of mechanochemistry will be discussed followed by methods for activation and quantification of MP photo response (concentrating specifically on fluorescently active species). Finally, current challenges and future directions in MP research will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Deneke
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA.
| | - Mitchell L Rencheck
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA.
| | - Chelsea S Davis
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA.
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6
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Boscoboinik A, Olson D, Adams H, Hopper N, Tysoe WT. Measuring and modelling mechanochemical reaction kinetics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7730-7733. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02992k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-static quantum calculations of the mechanochemical decomposition rate of methyl thiolate species on Cu(100) accurately reproduce the experimental kinetics measured in ultrahigh vacuum by an atomic force microscopy tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Boscoboinik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Laboratory for Surface Studies University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - Dustin Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Laboratory for Surface Studies University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - Heather Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Laboratory for Surface Studies University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - Nicholas Hopper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Laboratory for Surface Studies University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - Wilfred T. Tysoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Laboratory for Surface Studies University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
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7
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Kim G, Lau VM, Halmes AJ, Oelze ML, Moore JS, Li KC. High-intensity focused ultrasound-induced mechanochemical transduction in synthetic elastomers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10214-10222. [PMID: 31076556 PMCID: PMC6534979 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901047116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While study in the field of polymer mechanochemistry has yielded mechanophores that perform various chemical reactions in response to mechanical stimuli, there is not yet a triggering method compatible with biological systems. Applications such as using mechanoluminescence to generate localized photon flux in vivo for optogenetics would greatly benefit from such an approach. Here we introduce a method of triggering mechanophores by using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as a remote energy source to drive the spatially and temporally resolved mechanical-to-chemical transduction of mechanoresponsive polymers. A HIFU setup capable of controlling the excitation pressure, spatial location, and duration of exposure is employed to activate mechanochemical reactions in a cross-linked elastomeric polymer in a noninvasive fashion. One reaction is the chromogenic isomerization of a naphthopyran mechanophore embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) network. Under HIFU irradiation evidence of the mechanochemical transduction is the observation of a reversible color change as expected for the isomerization. The elastomer exhibits this distinguishable color change at the focal spot, depending on ultrasonic exposure conditions. A second reaction is the demonstration that HIFU irradiation successfully triggers a luminescent dioxetane, resulting in localized generation of visible blue light at the focal spot. In contrast to conventional stimuli such as UV light, heat, and uniaxial compression/tension testing, HIFU irradiation provides spatiotemporal control of the mechanochemical activation through targeted but noninvasive ultrasonic energy deposition. Targeted, remote light generation is potentially useful in biomedical applications such as optogenetics where a light source is used to trigger a cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Kim
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820
| | - Vivian M Lau
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Abigail J Halmes
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Michael L Oelze
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - King C Li
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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8
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Zhou L, Qiu T, Lv F, Liu L, Ying J, Wang S. Self-Assembled Nanomedicines for Anticancer and Antibacterial Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800670. [PMID: 30080319 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly strategies have been widely applied in the nanomedicine field, which provide a convenient approach for building various structures for delivery carriers. When cooperating with biomolecules, self-assembly systems have significant influence on the cell activity and life process and could be used for regulating nanodrug activity. In this review, self-assembled nanomedicines are introduced, including materials, encapsulation, and releasing strategies, where self-assembly strategies are involved. Furthermore, as a promising and emerging area for nanomedicine, in situ self-assembly of anticancer drugs and supramolecular antibiotic switches is also discussed about how to regulate drug activity. Selective pericellular assembly can block mass transformation of cancer cells inducing cell apoptosis, and the intracellular assembly can either cause cell death or effectively avoid drug elimination from cytosol of cancer cells because of the assembly-induced retention (AIR) effect. Host-guest interactions of drug and competitive molecules offer reversible regulations of antibiotic activity, which can reduce drug-resistance and inhibit the generation of drug-resistant bacteria. Finally, the challenges and development trend in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Pathology; National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for; Cancer/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100021 P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology; National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for; Cancer/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100021 P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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9
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Peterson GI, Bang KT, Choi TL. Mechanochemical Degradation of Denpols: Synthesis and Ultrasound-Induced Chain Scission of Polyphenylene-Based Dendronized Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8599-8608. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Bang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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10
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Calvino C, Guha A, Weder C, Schrettl S. Self-Calibrating Mechanochromic Fluorescent Polymers Based on Encapsulated Excimer-Forming Dyes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704603. [PMID: 29345378 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While mechanochemical transduction principles are omnipresent in nature, mimicking these in artificial materials is challenging. The ability to reliably detect the exposure of man-made objects to mechanical forces is, however, of great interest for many applications, including structural health monitoring and tamper-proof packaging. A useful concept to achieve mechanochromic responses in polymers is the integration of microcapsules, which rupture upon deformation and release a payload causing a visually detectable response. Herein, it is reported that this approach can be used to create mechanochromic fluorescent materials that show a direct and ratiometric response to mechanical deformation. This can be achieved by filling poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules with a solution of a photoluminescent aggregachromic cyano-substituted oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) and embedding these particles in poly(dimethylsiloxane). The application of mechanical force by way of impact, incision, or tensile deformation opens the microcapsules and releases the fluorophore in the damaged area. Due to excimer formation, the subsequent aggregation of the dye furnishes a detectable fluorescence color change. With the emission from unopened microcapsules as built-in reference, the approach affords materials that are self-calibrating. This new concept appears to be readily applicable to a range of polymer matrices and allows for the straightforward assessment of their structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Calvino
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anirvan Guha
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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11
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Rifaie-Graham O, Apebende EA, Bast LK, Bruns N. Self-Reporting Fiber-Reinforced Composites That Mimic the Ability of Biological Materials to Sense and Report Damage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705483. [PMID: 29573286 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensing of damage, deformation, and mechanical forces is of vital importance in many applications of fiber-reinforced polymer composites, as it allows the structural health and integrity of composite components to be monitored and microdamage to be detected before it leads to catastrophic material failure. Bioinspired and biomimetic approaches to self-sensing and self-reporting materials are reviewed. Examples include bruising coatings and bleeding composites based on dye-filled microcapsules, hollow fibers, and vascular networks. Force-induced changes in color, fluorescence, or luminescence are achieved by mechanochromic epoxy resins, or by mechanophores and force-responsive proteins located at the interface of glass/carbon fibers and polymers. Composites can also feel strain, stress, and damage through embedded optical and electrical sensors, such as fiber Bragg grating sensors, or by resistance measurements of dispersed carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes. Bioinspired composites with the ability to show autonomously if and where they have been damaged lead to a multitude of opportunities for aerospace, automotive, civil engineering, and wind-turbine applications. They range from safety features for the detection of barely visible impact damage, to the real-time monitoring of deformation of load-bearing components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rifaie-Graham
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edward A Apebende
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Livia K Bast
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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12
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Dai Y, Zhang X. Dual stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymeric nanoparticles based on poly(α-cyclodextrin) and acetal-modified β-cyclodextrin-azobenzene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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13
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Wang D, Jin Y, Zhu X, Yan D. Synthesis and applications of stimuli-responsive hyperbranched polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Stauch T, Dreuw A. Advances in Quantum Mechanochemistry: Electronic Structure Methods and Force Analysis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14137-14180. [PMID: 27767298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In quantum mechanochemistry, quantum chemical methods are used to describe molecules under the influence of an external force. The calculation of geometries, energies, transition states, reaction rates, and spectroscopic properties of molecules on the force-modified potential energy surfaces is the key to gain an in-depth understanding of mechanochemical processes at the molecular level. In this review, we present recent advances in the field of quantum mechanochemistry and introduce the quantum chemical methods used to calculate the properties of molecules under an external force. We place special emphasis on quantum chemical force analysis tools, which can be used to identify the mechanochemically relevant degrees of freedom in a deformed molecule, and spotlight selected applications of quantum mechanochemical methods to point out their synergistic relationship with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Stauch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Araujo JV, Rifaie-Graham O, Apebende EA, Bruns N. Self-reporting Polymeric Materials with Mechanochromic Properties. BIO-INSPIRED POLYMERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782626664-00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical transduction of force onto molecules is an essential feature of many biological processes that results in the senses of touch and hearing, gives important cues for cellular interactions and can lead to optically detectable signals, such as a change in colour, fluorescence or chemoluminescence. Polymeric materials that are able to visually indicate deformation, stress, strain or the occurrence of microdamage draw inspiration from these biological events. The field of self-reporting (or self-assessing) materials is reviewed. First, mechanochromic events in nature are discussed, such as the formation of bruises on skin, the bleeding of a wound, or marine glow caused by dinoflagellates. Then, materials based on force-responsive mechanophores, such as spiropyrans, cyclobutanes, cyclooctanes, Diels–Alder adducts, diarylbibenzofuranone and bis(adamantyl)-1,2-dioxetane are reviewed, followed by mechanochromic blends, chromophores stabilised by hydrogen bonds, and pressure sensors based on ionic interactions between fluorescent dyes and polyelectrolyte brushes. Mechanobiochemistry is introduced as an important tool to create self-reporting hybrid materials that combine polymers with the force-responsive properties of fluorescent proteins, protein FRET pairs, and other biomacromolecules. Finally, dye-filled microcapsules, microvascular networks, and hollow fibres are demonstrated to be important technologies to create damage-indicating coatings, self-reporting fibre-reinforced composites and self-healing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V. Araujo
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Omar Rifaie-Graham
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Edward A. Apebende
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics,
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics,
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hunter N. Bomba
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics,
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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17
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Li J, Hu B, Yang K, Zhao B, Moore JS. Effect of Polymer Grafting Density on Mechanophore Activation at Heterointerfaces. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:819-822. [PMID: 35614770 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles grafted with poly(methyl acrylate) chains whose anchor points are maleimide-anthracene cycloadducts were prepared at various grafting densities to demonstrate fundamental characteristics of mechanophore activation at heterointerfaces. The monotonically decreasing correlation between polymer grafting density and surface-bound maleimide-anthracene mechanophore activation was quantitatively elucidated and discussed. Presumably as a result of polymer-polymer interactions, polymer grafting density plays a significant role in heterogeneous mechanophore activation. The findings are a valuable guide in the design of efficient force-sensitive, damage-reporting polymer composites, where damage is often localized to the interface between the matrix and the reinforcing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Beckman
Institute Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bin Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ke Yang
- Beckman
Institute Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Beckman
Institute Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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18
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Zhang X, Zhuo R. Redox and pH Dual-Responsive Supramolecular Micelles with a Traditional Polymer Block and a Supramolecular Block for Drug Controlled Release. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Renxi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
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19
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Zhang X, Zhuo R. Dual UV- and pH-Responsive Supramolecular Vesicles Mediated by Host-Guest Interactions for Drug Controlled Release. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Renxi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
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20
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Ma VPY, Liu Y, Yehl K, Galior K, Zhang Y, Salaita K. Mechanically Induced Catalytic Amplification Reaction for Readout of Receptor-Mediated Cellular Forces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5488-92. [PMID: 27038115 PMCID: PMC5563213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mechanics play a fundamental role in cell biology, but detecting piconewton (pN) forces is challenging because of a lack of accessible and high throughput assays. A mechanically induced catalytic amplification reaction (MCR) for readout of receptor-mediated forces in cells is described. Mechanically labile DNA duplexes presenting ligands are surface immobilized such that specific receptor forces denature the duplex and thus expose a blocked primer. Amplification of primers is achieved using an isothermal polymerization reaction and quantified by fluorescence readout. As a proof of concept, the assay was used to test the activity of a mechanomodulatory drug and integrin adhesion receptor antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a catalytic reaction triggered in response to molecular piconewton forces. The MCR may transform the field of mechanobiology by providing a new facile tool to detect receptor specific mechanics with the convenience of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kevin Yehl
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kornelia Galior
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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21
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Ma VP, Liu Y, Yehl K, Galior K, Zhang Y, Salaita K. Mechanically Induced Catalytic Amplification Reaction for Readout of Receptor‐Mediated Cellular Forces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Kevin Yehl
- Department of Chemistry Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Kornelia Galior
- Department of Chemistry Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
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22
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Ultrasound-Mediated Polymeric Micelle Drug Delivery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 880:365-84. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Rother M, Nussbaumer MG, Renggli K, Bruns N. Protein cages and synthetic polymers: a fruitful symbiosis for drug delivery applications, bionanotechnology and materials science. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:6213-6249. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00177g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein cages have become essential tools in bionanotechnology due to their well-defined, monodisperse, capsule-like structure. Combining them with synthetic polymers greatly expands their application, giving rise to novel nanomaterials fore.g.drug-delivery, sensing, electronic devices and for uses as nanoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rother
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Martin G. Nussbaumer
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Kasper Renggli
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering
- ETH Zürich
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute
- University of Fribourg
- CH-1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
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24
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Larsen MB, Boydston AJ. Investigations in Fundamental and Applied Polymer Mechanochemistry. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
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25
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Hu J, Whittaker MR, Li Y, Quinn JF, Davis TP. The use of endogenous gaseous molecules (NO and CO2) to regulate the self-assembly of a dual-responsive triblock copolymer. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A nitric oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) dual-responsive block copolymer was self-assembled in aqueous solution upon gas stimuli to form nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Hu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Yang Li
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - John F. Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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26
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Li Y, Sheiko SS. Molecular Mechanochemistry: Engineering and Implications of Inherently Strained Architectures. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 369:1-36. [PMID: 25805145 DOI: 10.1007/128_2015_627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical activation of chemical bonds is usually achieved by applying external forces. However, nearly all molecules exhibit inherent strain of their chemical bonds and angles as a result of constraints imposed by covalent bonding and interactions with the surrounding environment. Particularly strong deformation of bonds and angles is observed in hyperbranched macromolecules caused by steric repulsion of densely grafted polymer branches. In addition to the tension amplification, macromolecular architecture allows for accurate control of strain distribution, which enables focusing of the internal mechanical tension to specific chemical bonds and angles. As such, chemically identical bonds in self-strained macromolecules become physically distinct because the difference in bond tension leads to the corresponding difference in the electronic structure and chemical reactivity of individual bonds within the same macromolecule. In this review, we outline different approaches to the design of strained macromolecules along with physical principles of tension management, including generation, amplification, and focusing of mechanical tension at specific chemical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Sergei S Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA.
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27
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Li J, Shiraki T, Hu B, Wright RAE, Zhao B, Moore JS. Mechanophore activation at heterointerfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15925-8. [PMID: 25360903 DOI: 10.1021/ja509949d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles grafted with poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) chains anchored by a maleimide-anthracene cycloadduct were synthesized to demonstrate mechanochemically selective activation of mechanophores at heterogeneous interfaces. By quantifying the anthracene-containing cleaved PMA polymers, which are generated via retro-[4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, the first-order kinetic coefficient was determined. Activation characteristics of mechanophores anchored to a nanoparticle exhibit behavior similar to mechanophore-linked polymers, e.g., threshold molecular weight and linear increase in rate coefficient with molecular weight above the threshold. This model system is thus valuable as a probe to test stress activation of interfacially bonded mechanophores relevant to the design of fiber-reinforced polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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28
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Peterson GI, Boydston AJ. Kinetic Analysis of Mechanochemical Chain Scission of Linear Poly(phthalaldehyde). Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1611-4. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Peterson GI, Boydston AJ. Modeling the Mechanochemical Degradation of Star Polymers. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201400045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
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30
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Han X, Bian S, Liang Y, Houk KN, Braunschweig AB. Reactions in Elastomeric Nanoreactors Reveal the Role of Force on the Kinetics of the Huisgen Reaction on Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10553-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504137u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Shudan Bian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Adam B. Braunschweig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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31
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Church DC, Peterson GI, Boydston AJ. Comparison of Mechanochemical Chain Scission Rates for Linear versus Three-Arm Star Polymers in Strong Acoustic Fields. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:648-651. [PMID: 35590762 DOI: 10.1021/mz5003068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of star versus linear polymer architecture on the rates of mechanochemically induced bond scission has been explored. We determined rate constants for chain scission of parent linear and star polymers, from which daughter fragments were cleanly resolved. These studies confirm a mechanistic interpretation of star polymer chain scission that is governed by the spanning rather than total molecular weight. We further demonstrate the preserved rate of site-selective mechanophore activation across two different polymer structures. Specifically, we observed consistent activation rate constants from three-arm star and linear polymer analogues, despite the Mn of the star polymer being 1.5 times greater than that of the linear system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C. Church
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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32
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Brantley JN, Bailey CB, Cannon JR, Clark KA, Vanden Bout DA, Brodbelt JS, Keatinge‐Clay AT, Bielawski CW. Mechanically Modulating the Photophysical Properties of Fluorescent Protein Biocomposites for Ratio‐ and Intensiometric Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5088-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan N. Brantley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A1590, Austin, TX 78712 (USA) http://keatinge‐clay.cm.utexas.edu http://bielawski.cm.utexas.edu
| | - Constance B. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A1590, Austin, TX 78712 (USA) http://keatinge‐clay.cm.utexas.edu http://bielawski.cm.utexas.edu
| | - Joe R. Cannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A1590, Austin, TX 78712 (USA) http://keatinge‐clay.cm.utexas.edu http://bielawski.cm.utexas.edu
| | - Katie A. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A1590, Austin, TX 78712 (USA) http://keatinge‐clay.cm.utexas.edu http://bielawski.cm.utexas.edu
| | - David A. Vanden Bout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A1590, Austin, TX 78712 (USA) http://keatinge‐clay.cm.utexas.edu http://bielawski.cm.utexas.edu
| | - Jennifer S. Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A1590, Austin, TX 78712 (USA) http://keatinge‐clay.cm.utexas.edu http://bielawski.cm.utexas.edu
| | - Adrian T. Keatinge‐Clay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A1590, Austin, TX 78712 (USA) http://keatinge‐clay.cm.utexas.edu http://bielawski.cm.utexas.edu
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A1590, Austin, TX 78712 (USA)
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A1590, Austin, TX 78712 (USA) http://keatinge‐clay.cm.utexas.edu http://bielawski.cm.utexas.edu
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33
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Brantley JN, Bailey CB, Cannon JR, Clark KA, Vanden Bout DA, Brodbelt JS, Keatinge-Clay AT, Bielawski CW. Mechanically Modulating the Photophysical Properties of Fluorescent Protein Biocomposites for Ratio- and Intensiometric Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Izawa H, Nishino S, Maeda H, Morita K, Ifuku S, Morimoto M, Saimoto H, Kadokawa JI. Mineralization of hydroxyapatite upon a unique xanthan gum hydrogel by an alternate soaking process. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:846-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Larsen MB, Boydston AJ. Successive Mechanochemical Activation and Small Molecule Release in an Elastomeric Material. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1276-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411891x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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36
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Liu K, Zheng X, Samuel AZ, Ramkumar SG, Ghosh S, Tan X, Wang D, Shuai Z, Ramakrishnan S, Liu D, Zhang X. Stretching single polymer chains of donor-acceptor foldamers: toward the quantitative study on the extent of folding. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14438-14443. [PMID: 24168699 DOI: 10.1021/la403709u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule force spectroscopy has proven to be an efficient tool for the quantitative characterization of flexible foldamers on the single-molecule level in this study. The extent of folding has been estimated quantitatively for the first time to the best of our knowledge, which is crucial for a better understanding of the "folding-process" on single-molecule level. Therefore, this study may provide a guidance to regulate folding for realizing rational control over the functions of bulk materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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37
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Larsen MB, Boydston AJ. "Flex-activated" mechanophores: using polymer mechanochemistry to direct bond bending activation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8189-92. [PMID: 23687904 DOI: 10.1021/ja403757p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe studies in mechanochemical transduction that probe the activation of bonds orthogonal to an elongated polymer main chain. Compression of mechanophore-cross-linked materials resulted in the release of small molecules via cleavage of covalent bonds that were not integral components of the elongated polymer segments. The reactivity is proposed to arise from the distribution of force through the cross-linking units of the polymer network and subsequent bond bending motions that are consistent with the geometric changes in the overall reaction. This departure from contemporary polymer mechanochemistry, in which activation is achieved primarily by force-induced bond elongation, is a first step toward mechanophores capable of releasing side-chain functionalities without inherently compromising the overall macromolecular architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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