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Lin C, Peng R, Shi J, Ge Z. Research progress and application of high efficiency organic solar cells based on benzodithiophene donor materials. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230122. [PMID: 39175891 PMCID: PMC11335474 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the demand for clean and renewable energy has grown increasingly urgent due to the irreversible alteration of the global climate change. As a result, organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to address this issue. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the molecular design strategies of benzodithiophene (BDT)-based polymer and small molecule donor materials since their birth, focusing on the development of main-chain engineering, side-chain engineering and other unique molecular design paths. Up to now, the state-of-the-art power conversion efficiency (PCE) of binary OSCs prepared by BDT-based donor materials has approached 20%. This work discusses the potential relationship between the molecular changes of donor materials and photoelectric performance in corresponding OSC devices in detail, thereby presenting a rational molecular design guidance for stable and efficient donor materials in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqi Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical EngineeringNingbo UniversityNingboPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
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Meng D, Zheng R, Zhao Y, Zhang E, Dou L, Yang Y. Near-Infrared Materials: The Turning Point of Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107330. [PMID: 34710251 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing organic semiconductors have opened up many exciting opportunities for organic photovoltaic (OPV) research. For example, new chemistries and synthetical methodologies have been developed; especially, the breakthrough Y-series acceptors, originally invented by our group, specifically Y1, Y3, and Y6, have contributed immensely to boosting single-junction solar cell efficiency to around 19%; novel device architectures such as tandem and transparent organic photovoltaics have been realized. The concept of NIR donors/acceptors thus becomes a turning point in the OPV field. Here, the development of NIR-absorbing materials for OPVs is reviewed. According to the low-energy absorption window, here, NIR photovoltaic materials (p-type (polymers) and n-type (fullerene and nonfullerene)) are classified into four categories: 700-800 nm, 800-900 nm, 900-1000 nm, and greater than 1000 nm. Each subsection covers the design, synthesis, and utilization of various types of donor (D) and acceptor (A) units. The structure-property relationship between various kinds of D, A units and absorption window are constructed to satisfy requirements for different applications. Subsequently, a variety of applications realized by NIR materials, including transparent OPVs, tandem OPVs, photodetectors, are presented. Finally, challenges and future development of novel NIR materials for the next-generation organic photovoltaics and beyond are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ran Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yepin Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Experimental and theoretical characterization of organic salt: 2-((4-bromophenyl)amino) pyrido[1,2- a ] quinoxalin-11-ium bromide monohydrate synthesized via oxidative cyclization. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Karagaçtı Ö, Cevher SC, Hizalan G, Hacioglu SO, Toppare L, Cirpan A. Enhancing the power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells via selection of quinoxaline substituents. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03312e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of the power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells was successfully achieved by selecting appropriate quinoxaline substituents on the polymer backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Karagaçtı
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Sevki Can Cevher
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Gonul Hizalan
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Serife O. Hacioglu
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
| | - Ali Cirpan
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
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Keshtov ML, Konstantinov IO, Krayushkin MM, Kuklin SA, Masoud SM, Osipov SN, Khokhlov AR. New electron-accepting quinoxalinothiadiazole-containing heterocycles as promising building blocks for organic optoelectronic devices. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500816060069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yao H, Ye L, Zhang H, Li S, Zhang S, Hou J. Molecular Design of Benzodithiophene-Based Organic Photovoltaic Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7397-457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 861] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sunsun Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Keshtov ML, Godovsky DY, Chen FC, Khokhlov AR, Siddiqui SA, Sharma GD. Synthesis and characterization of π-conjugated copolymers with thieno-imidazole units in the main chain: application for bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:7888-97. [PMID: 25721090 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00017c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the three new narrow bandgap D–A conjugated copolymers P1, P2 and P3 based on different weak donor fused thiophene-imidazole containing derivatives and the same benzothiadiazole acceptor unit were synthesized by Stille cross-coupling polymerization and characterized by 1H NMR, elemental analysis, GPC, TGA, DSC. These copolymers exhibit intensive absorbance in the range 350–900 nm and the optical bandgap lies in the range of 1.50–1.61 eV, which corresponds to the maximum photon flux of the solar spectrum. The electrochemical bandgap derived from cyclic voltammetry varies within the limits 1.47–1.65 eV and is approximately very close to the optical bandgap. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of all copolymers is deep lying (−5.24 eV and −5.37 eV and −5.25 eV for P1, P2 and P2, respectively) which shows that copolymers have good stability in the air and assured a higher open circuit voltage (Voc) for polymer BHJ solar cells. These copolymers were used as donors along with PC71BM and the BHJ polymer solar cells based on P1:PC71BM, P2:PC71BM and P3:PC71BM processed from chloroform (CF) solvent with 3 v% DIO as an additive showed an overall PCE of 4.55%, 6.76% and 5.16%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Keshtov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st., 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Keshtov ML, Kuklin SA, Osipov SN, Topchii MA, Konstantinov IO, Gamov AL, Khokhlov AR. New fused thiophene derivatives as promising building blocks for optoelectronic devices. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500815020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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An C, Marszalek T, Guo X, Puniredd SR, Wagner M, Pisula W, Baumgarten M. Tuning the optoelectronic properties of dual-acceptor based low-bandgap ambipolar polymers by changing the thiophene-bridge length. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00802f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dual-acceptor polymers based on DPP and TQ are prepared with very low bandgaps (0.6–0.9 eV) and ambipolar charge carrier transports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunbin An
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz
- Germany
| | | | - Xin Guo
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz
- Germany
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
| | | | | | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics
- Faculty of Chemistry
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Hu B, Li M, Chen W, Wan X, Chen Y, Zhang Q. Novel donor–acceptor polymers based on 7-perfluorophenyl-6H-[1,2,5]thiadiazole[3,4-g]benzoimidazole for bulk heterojunction solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05849j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Three polymers with 7-perfluorophenyl-6H-[1,2,5]thiadiazole[3,4-g]benzoimidazole as a building unit were synthesized for BHJ solar cells, and a PCE of 1.92% was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benlin Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer Materials and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Wangqiao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer Materials and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer Materials and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
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Shi Z, Hoi Ka IW, Wang X, Vijila C, Wang F, Li G, Tjiu WW, Li J, Xu J. Low band-gap weak donor–strong acceptor conjugated polymer for organic solar cell. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19715e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With an additional weak acceptor, the low band-gap donor–acceptor conjugated polymer displayed a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 5.36%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zugui Shi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Ivy Wong Hoi Ka
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Xizu Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Chellappan Vijila
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Gongqiang Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Weng Weei Tjiu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
- Department of Chemistry
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13
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Shah AH, Shah A, Rana UA, Khan SUD, Hussain H, Khan SB, Qureshi R, Badshah A. Redox Mechanism and Evaluation of Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters of 1,3-Dioxolo[4,5-g]pyrido[2,3-b]quinoxaline Using Electrochemical Techniques. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Singh SP, Sharma GD. Near Infrared Organic Semiconducting Materials for Bulk Heterojunction and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2014; 14:419-81. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201300041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surya Prakash Singh
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technolog; Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - G. D. Sharma
- R & D center for Engineering and Science; JEC group of Colleges; Jaipur Engineering College Campus; Kukas Jaipur India
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Sharma GD, Zervaki GE, Angaridis P, Coutsolelos AG. New solution processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells based on a triazine-bridged porphyrin dyad as electron donor. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07770a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An unsymmetrical porphyrin dyad (ZnP)-[triazine-Npip]-(ZnPCOOH) consisting of two zinc-porphyrin units covalently linked to a peridine-containing triazine group has been used with PC71BM as electron donor and acceptor, respectively, for the active layer of solution-processed BHJ organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh D. Sharma
- R&D Centre for Engineering and Science
- JEC Group of Colleges
- Jaipur Engineering College Campus
- Jaipur, India
| | - Galateia E. Zervaki
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Liu Q, Bao X, Wen S, Du Z, Han L, Zhu D, Chen Y, Sun M, Yang R. Hyperconjugated side chained benzodithiophene and 4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole based polymer for solar cells. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01529g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Keshtov ML, Deng Y, Xie Z, Geng Y, Kuklin SA, Kochurov VS, Khokhlov AR, Koukaras EN, Sharma GD. Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of new donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers based on benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′:6,5-b′′] trithiophene donor and different acceptor units (P1 and P2). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A power conversion efficiency of about 5.26% has been achieved for the device based onP1:PC71BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Keshtov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Z. Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Y. Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - S. A. Kuklin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow, Russia
| | - V. S. Kochurov
- Faculty of Physics
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow, Russia
| | - A. R. Khokhlov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow, Russia
| | - E. N. Koukaras
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Patras
- Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences
| | - G. D. Sharma
- R&D Center for Engineering and Science
- JEC Group of Colleges
- Jaipur Engineering College
- Jaipur, India
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