Multicomponent Spiropolymerization of Diisocyanides, Diethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate, and Halogenated Quinones

Multicomponent spiropolymerization (MCSP) provides an efficient synthetic tool for the construction of spiropolymers based on nonspiro monomers. In this study, a method of MCSP using diisocyanides 1, diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate 2, and halogenated quinones 3 is developed for the in situ construction of bis-spiropolymers with high molecular weights (M_w up to 29 200) and good yields (up to 87.7%) under mild reaction conditions. The structure of the obtained bis-spiropolymers is confirmed by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Halogenated bis-spiropolymers show good thermal stability, good solubility, and film-forming ability. The photosensitizer rhodamine B is used as a doping agent to induce the photodegradation of the polymer P1a3c into small-molecule segments, which results in the slow release of halogenated spiro-groups under irradiation with simulated sunlight. This finding reveals that P1a3c has the potential to be applied in pesticides. Therefore, this MCSP is a novel method for preparing halogen-containing bis-spiropolymers, which accelerates the development of multifunctional polymer materials.

Pentaerythritol: A Versatile Substrate in Organic Transformations, Centralization on the Reaction Medium

BACKGROUND

Pentaerythritol (2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) propane-1,3-diol) as white crystalline odorless solid has been synthesized in 1891. Pentaerythritol is multifaceted species in many compounds, which are wildly utilized in medicine and industry. Also, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) play a crucial role in organic and medicinal chemistry. Hence, in these reactions, pentaerythritol is a versatile substrate for the synthesis of many polyfunctionalized products, because of the presence of the neopentane core and one hydroxyl group in each of the four terminal carbons.

OBJECTIVE

The review describes pentaerythritol multicomponent reactions in the presence of different solvents in the reaction medium to produce various compounds including pentaerythritols. This review covers the literature relevant up to 2018.

CONCLUSION

It is obvious from the provided review that a great deal of research has been done in this field, utilizing various mediums (solvent-free conditions, aqueous media, and organic solvents) for the synthesis of the products of containing pentaerythritols. This classification is based on the importance of economic and environmental friendly reactions. Due to the whole aforesaid reports, some reactions required heat for their progress, and some others were accompanied by microwave or ultrasonic waves.

Rapid Polymerization of Aromatic Vinyl Monomers to Porous Organic Polymers via Acid Catalysis at Mild Condition

Porous organic polymers (POPs) have enormous applications in various fields and thus have received a lot of research attention in recent decades. Numerous synthetic methods have been developed, but mild synthesis conditions and fast polymerization rate are highly desired. Herein, high porous POPs with high surface areas from aromatic vinyl monomers by using acid catalysis method is reported. The polymerization is ultrafast and could be accomplished even in 5 min at room temperature. Furthermore, the surface area can be tuned by using various acid catalysts and controlling the reaction time. Due to the high surface area, these POPs show promising adsorption of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, respectively. Furthermore, the large π-system of the building block and high surface area of the POPs also make them show potential applications in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution as well as promising catalyst support for metal nanoparticles.

Soluble Hyperbranched Porous Organic Polymers

Soluble porous organic polymers (SPOPs) are currently the subject of extensive investigation due to the enhanced processability compared to insoluble counterparts. Here, a new concept for the construction of SPOPs is presented, which combines the unique topological structure of hyperbranched polymers with rigid building blocks. By using this facile, one-step strategy, a class of novel SPOPs which possess surface areas up to 646 m² g^-1 have been synthesized. The extended π-conjugated backbone affords the polymers bright fluorescence under UV irradiation. Interestingly, after dissolution in a suitable solvent that was slowly evaporated, the polymers retain a large extent of porosity. The SPOPs are potential candidates for gas storage and separation, photovoltaic, and biological applications. In particular, due to the presence of an internal porous structure and open conformations, they show high drug loading efficiency (1.91 g of ibuprofen per gram), which is considerably higher than conventional porous organic polymers.

Engineered Fabrication of Hierarchical Frameworks with Tuned Pore Structure and N,O-Co-Doping for High-Performance Supercapacitors

A series of multiheteroatom porous carbon frameworks (MPCFs) is prepared successfully from the trimerization of cyano groups of our designed and synthesized 4,4'-(4-oxophthalazine-1,3(4H)-diyl)dibenzonitrile monomers and subsequent ionothermal synthesis. Benefiting from the molecular engineering strategy, the obtained MPCFs framework show a homogeneous distribution of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms at the atomic level, confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy mapping intuitively, thereby ensuring the stability of electrical properties. The supercapacitor with the obtained MPCFs@700 as the electrode exhibits a high energy density of 65 Wh kg^-1 at 0.1 A g^-1, with excellent long cycle life and cycle stability (98% capacitance retention for 10 000 cycles in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate). Another two electrolyte systems employed also demonstrate the delightful results, showing a 112% capacitance retention for 30 000 cycles in 1 M H₂SO₄ and a 95% capacitance retention for 30 000 cycles in tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in an acetonitrile solution. Moreover, the successful preparation of MPCFs provides new insights into the fabrication of electrode materials intrinsically containing nitrogen and oxygen in the frameworks for readily available components through a facile routine.

A facile approach for the synthesis of hydroxyl-rich microporous organic networks for efficient CO2 capture and H2 storage

A new series of porous organic networks (PONs) with N-donor sites and free hydroxyl groups in the backbone have been synthesized under high vacuum sealed tube conditions. These PONs possess high BET surface area and showed excellent H₂ and CO₂ storage capacities.

Tetraphenylethylene-based microporous organic polymers: insight into structure geometry, porosity, and CO2/CH4 selectivity

Tetraphenylethylene-based microporous organic polymers with tunable porosities were synthesized and their gas sorption capabilities were investigated.

Phthalazinone structure-based covalent triazine frameworks and their gas adsorption and separation properties

In this work, new classes of phthalazinone-based covalent triazine frameworks (PHCTFs) were prepared by ionothermal synthesis from two full rigid dicyano building blocks with rigid, thermostable and asymmetric N-heterocycle-containing structures.

Mannitol-based acetal-linked porous organic polymers for selective capture of carbon dioxide over methane

Synthesis of mannitol-based acetal-linked porous organic polymers with considerable CO₂/CH₄ selectivity is reported.

Hydrophobic zeolites coated with microporous organic polymers: adsorption behavior of ammonia under humid conditions

ZSM-5 nanoparticles coated with microporous organic polymers showed 88% retention of ammonia adsorption capacity at 43% RH.