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Chen J, Pei Z, Chai B, Jiang P, Ma L, Zhu L, Huang X. Engineering the Dielectric Constants of Polymers: From Molecular to Mesoscopic Scales. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2308670. [PMID: 38100840 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are essential components of modern-day materials and are widely used in various fields. The dielectric constant, a key physical parameter, plays a fundamental role in the light-, electricity-, and magnetism-related applications of polymers, such as dielectric and electrical insulation, battery and photovoltaic fabrication, sensing and electrical contact, and signal transmission and communication. Over the past few decades, numerous efforts have been devoted to engineering the intrinsic dielectric constant of polymers, particularly by tailoring the induced and orientational polarization modes and ferroelectric domain engineering. Investigations into these methods have guided the rational design and on-demand preparation of polymers with desired dielectric constants. This review article exhaustively summarizes the dielectric constant engineering of polymers from molecular to mesoscopic scales, with emphasis on application-driven design and on-demand polymer synthesis rooted in polymer chemistry principles. Additionally, it explores the key polymer applications that can benefit from dielectric constant regulation and outlines the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhantao Pei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bin Chai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pingkai Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7202, USA
| | - Xingyi Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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All-Polymer Piezo-Composites for Scalable Energy Harvesting and Sensing Devices. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238524. [PMID: 36500619 PMCID: PMC9741343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicone elastomer composites with piezoelectric properties, conferred by incorporated polyimide copolymers, with pressure sensors similar to human skin and kinetic energy harvester capabilities, were developed as thin film (<100 micron thick) layered architecture. They are based on polymer materials which can be produced in industrial amounts and are scalable for large areas (m2). The piezoelectric properties of the tested materials were determined using a dynamic mode of piezoelectric force microscopy. These composite materials bring together polydimethylsiloxane polymers with customized poly(siloxane-imide) copolymers (2−20 wt% relative to siloxanes), with siloxane segments inserted into the structure to ensure the compatibility of the components. The morphology of the materials as free-standing films was studied by SEM and AFM, revealing separated phases for higher polyimide concentration (10, 20 wt%). The composites show dielectric behavior with a low loss (<10−1) and a relative permittivity superior (3−4) to pure siloxane within a 0.1−106 Hz range. The composite in the form of a thin film can generate up to 750 mV under contact with a 30 g steel ball dropped from 10 cm high. This capability to convert a pressure signal into a direct current for the tested device has potential for applications in self-powered sensors and kinetic energy-harvesting applications. Furthermore, the materials preserve the known electromechanical properties of pure polysiloxane, with lateral strain actuation values of up to 6.2% at 28.9 V/μm.
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Kim MP, Um DS, Shin YE, Ko H. High-Performance Triboelectric Devices via Dielectric Polarization: A Review. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:35. [PMID: 33580327 PMCID: PMC7881083 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Energy harvesting devices based on the triboelectric effect have attracted great attention because of their higher output performance compared to other nanogenerators, which have been utilized in various wearable applications. Based on the working mechanism, the triboelectric performance is mainly proportional to the surface charge density of the triboelectric materials. Various approaches, such as modification of the surface functional group and dielectric composition of the triboelectric materials, have been employed to enhance the surface charge density, leading to improvements in triboelectric performances. Notably, tuning the dielectric properties of triboelectric materials can significantly increase the surface charge density because the surface charge is proportional to the relative permittivity of the triboelectric material. The relative dielectric constant is modified by dielectric polarization, such as electronic, vibrational (or atomic), orientation (or dipolar), ionic, and interfacial polarization. Therefore, such polarization represents a critical factor toward improving the dielectric constant and consequent triboelectric performance. In this review, we summarize the recent insights on the improvement of triboelectric performance via enhanced dielectric polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo P Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Doo-Seung Um
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Shin
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.
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Yoshiyama K, Mori M, Hagiwara M, Fujihara S. Effect of particle size and morphology on the performance of BiFeO3–PDMS piezoelectric generators. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the size and morphology of piezoelectric BiFeO3 particles on the performance of BiFeO3–PDMS composite generators is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yoshiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Masae Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Manabu Hagiwara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Shinobu Fujihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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Ellingford C, Zhang R, Wemyss AM, Bowen C, McNally T, Figiel Ł, Wan C. Intrinsic Tuning of Poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene)-Based Self-Healing Dielectric Elastomer Actuators with Enhanced Electromechanical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38438-38448. [PMID: 30360080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electromechanical properties of a thermoplastic styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) dielectric elastomer was intrinsically tuned by chemical grafting with polar organic groups. Methyl thioglycolate (MG) reacted with the butadiene block via a one-step thiol-ene "click" reaction under UV at 25 °C. The MG grafting ratio reached 98.5 mol % (with respect to the butadiene alkenes present) within 20 min and increased the relative permittivity to 11.4 at 103 Hz, with a low tan δ. The actuation strain of the MG-grafted SBS dielectric elastomer actuator was 10 times larger than the SBS-based actuator, and the actuation force was 4 times greater than SBS. The MG-grafted SBS demonstrated an ability to achieve both mechanical and electrical self-healing. The electrical breakdown strength recovered to 15% of its original value, and the strength and elongation at break recovered by 25 and 21%, respectively, after 3 days. The self-healing behavior was explained by the introduction of polar MG groups that reduce viscous loss and strain relaxation. The weak CH/π bonds through the partially charged (δ+) groups adjacent to the ester of MG and the δ- center of styrene enable polymer chains to reunite and recover properties. Intrinsic tuning can therefore enhance the electromechanical properties of dielectric elastomers and provides new actuator materials with self-healing mechanical and dielectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Runan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Bath , Bath BA2 2ET , U.K
| | | | - Christopher Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Bath , Bath BA2 2ET , U.K
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Ellingford C, Bowen C, McNally T, Wan C. Intrinsically Tuning the Electromechanical Properties of Elastomeric Dielectrics: A Chemistry Perspective. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800340. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ellingford
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM); WMG; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Christopher Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Bath; BA2 2ET UK
| | - Tony McNally
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM); WMG; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Chaoying Wan
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM); WMG; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL Coventry UK
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Chen S, Lv X, Han X, Luo H, Bowen CR, Zhang D. Significantly improved energy density of BaTiO3 nanocomposites by accurate interfacial tailoring using a novel rigid-fluoro-polymer. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a novel approach to precisely tailor the interfacial layer thicknesses of BaTiO3 by modulating the polymerization degree of a rigid liquid-crystalline fluoro-polymer to investigate the interfacial thickness effect on the dielectric behavior of polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Xuguang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Xianghui Han
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Hang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Chris R. Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
| | - Dou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
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Jin J, Tang M, Zhang Z, Zhou K, Gao Y, Zheng ZG, Zhang W. Synthesis of POSS-functionalized liquid crystalline block copolymers via RAFT polymerization for stabilizing blue phase helical soft superstructures. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A study of the phase transition behaviors of blue phase liquid crystals containing different amounts of POSS-functionalized LC BCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Department of Physics
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Mingjie Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Department of Physics
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Zhenghe Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Department of Physics
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Kang Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Department of Physics
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yun Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Department of Physics
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Department of Physics
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Department of Physics
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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Zhang Z, Zhang P, Wang Y, Zhang W. Recent advances in organic–inorganic well-defined hybrid polymers using controlled living radical polymerization techniques. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00675b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlled living radical polymerizations, such as ATRP and RAFT polymerization, could be utilized for the preparation of well-defined organic–inorganic hybrid polymers based on POSS, PDMS, silica nanoparticles, graphene, CNTs and fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghe Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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Wang J, Ouyang Y, Li S, Wang X, He Y. Photocleavable amphiphilic diblock copolymer with an azobenzene linkage. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diblock copolymer with an azobenzene linkage can be efficiently photocleaved upon UV light irradiation. Thus, the colloidal aggregates of this kind of amphiphilic diblock copolymer will be disrupted due to the cleavage of the azobenzene junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Ouyang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Shang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaogong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yaning He
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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11
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Wei R, He Y, Wang X. Diblock copolymers composed of a liquid crystalline azo block and a poly(dimethylsiloxane) block: synthesis, morphology and photoresponsive properties. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09863c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Zhang C, Wang D, He J, Liang T, Hu GH, Dang ZM. Synthesis and dielectric properties of novel liquid crystalline triblock copolymers with cyanobiphenyl moieties and poly(n-butyl acrylate) segments. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongrui Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- Laboratory of Reactions and Process Engineering; CNRS - University of Lorraine, LRGP-ENSIC; 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451 54001 Nancy France
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
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