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Huo T, Zhao X, Cheng Z, Wei J, Zhu M, Dou X, Jiao N. Late-stage modification of bioactive compounds: Improving druggability through efficient molecular editing. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1030-1076. [PMID: 38487004 PMCID: PMC10935128 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemistry plays an indispensable role in drug discovery, contributing to hit compounds identification, lead compounds optimization, candidate drugs preparation, and so on. As Nobel Prize laureate James Black emphasized, "the most fruitful basis for the discovery of a new drug is to start with an old drug"1. Late-stage modification or functionalization of drugs, natural products and bioactive compounds have garnered significant interest due to its ability to introduce diverse elements into bioactive compounds promptly. Such modifications alter the chemical space and physiochemical properties of these compounds, ultimately influencing their potency and druggability. To enrich a toolbox of chemical modification methods for drug discovery, this review focuses on the incorporation of halogen, oxygen, and nitrogen-the ubiquitous elements in pharmacophore components of the marketed drugs-through late-stage modification in recent two decades, and discusses the state and challenges faced in these fields. We also emphasize that increasing cooperation between chemists and pharmacists may be conducive to the rapid discovery of new activities of the functionalized molecules. Ultimately, we hope this review would serve as a valuable resource, facilitating the application of late-stage modification in the construction of novel molecules and inspiring innovative concepts for designing and building new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaodong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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2
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Lewis DE. Early Organic Chemistry in Kyiv: Serhii Mykolayovych Reformatskyi (1860-1934) and his Name Reaction. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300224. [PMID: 37702126 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Serhiy Mykolayovych Reformatskyi, [Ukrainian: Рeφopмaтcьκий, Cepгiй Mиκoлaйoвич; Russian: Sergei Nikolaevich Reformatskii, РeΦopмaтcκий, Cepгeй Hиκoлaeвич (1860-1934)] was a product of Zaitsev's laboratory in Kazan Imperial University in Russia and one of the founding fathers of organic chemistry in Ukraine. He discovered his eponymous reaction while a graduate student in Kazan under Zaitsev, studying the synthesis of homoallylic alcohols. He modified this reaction by replacing the olefinic π bond of an allyl halide with a carbonyl group. In the prototype reaction, he treated ethyl haloacetates with zinc and aldehydes or ketones. The reaction gave the corresponding β-hydroxyesters and remains an important synthetic method. Work on the reaction over the ensuing century and a quarter has led to the discovery of analogous reactions using a wide range of metals, and even permitting the use of water as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave., Eau Claire, WI, 54702-2002, USA
- 816 Third Avenue, Eau Claire, WI, 54703, USA
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3
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Yang H, Zhang Y, Chen W, Shi H, Huo L, Li J, Li H, Xie X, She X. Scalable Total Syntheses of (±)-Catellatolactams A and B. Org Lett 2023; 25:1003-1007. [PMID: 36748956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The first total syntheses of (±)-catellatolactams A and B, two novel ansamacrolactams, are described in 5 and 8 steps, respectively. The strategy relies on an amidation reaction to couple the acylated Meldrum's acid and an aryl amine, a regioselective C-H insertion to construct the γ-lactam moiety, and an RCM reaction to forge the macrocycles with E-olefin. This concise and scalable synthesis provided over 200 mg of the target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Liang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xingang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, P. R. China
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Skrzypczak N, Przybylski P. Structural diversity and biological relevance of benzenoid and atypical ansamycins and their congeners. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1678-1704. [PMID: 35262153 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00004k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2011 to 2021The structural division of ansamycins, including those of atypical cores and different lengths of the ansa chains, is presented. Recently discovered benzenoid and atypical ansamycin scaffolds are presented in relation to their natural source and biosynthetic routes realized in bacteria as well as their muta and semisynthetic modifications influencing biological properties. To better understand the structure-activity relationships among benzenoid ansamycins structural aspects together with mechanisms of action regarding different targets in cells, are discussed. The most promising directions for structural optimizations of benzenoid ansamycins, characterized by predominant anticancer properties, were discussed in view of their potential medical and pharmaceutical applications. The bibliography of the review covers mainly years from 2011 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Skrzypczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Piotr Przybylski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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Saeed S, Zahoor AF, Ahmad S, Akhtar R, Sikandar S. Reformatsky reaction as a key step in the synthesis of natural products: A review. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.2008447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Sikandar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Saridakis I, Kaiser D, Maulide N. Unconventional Macrocyclizations in Natural Product Synthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1869-1889. [PMID: 33274267 PMCID: PMC7706100 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, macrocyclic compounds have emerged as increasingly significant therapeutic candidates in drug discovery. Their pharmacological activity hinges on their rotationally restricted three-dimensional orientation, resulting in a unique conformational preorganization and a high enthalpic gain as a consequence of high-affinity macrocycle-protein binding interactions. Synthetic access to macrocyclic drug candidates is therefore crucial. From a synthetic point of view, the efficiency of macrocyclization events commonly suffers from entropic penalties as well as undesired intermolecular couplings (oligomerization). Although over the past several decades ring-closing metathesis, macrolactonization, or macrolactamization have become strategies of choice, the toolbox of organic synthesis provides a great number of versatile transformations beyond the aforementioned. This Outlook focuses on a selection of examples employing what we term unconventional macrocyclizations toward the synthesis of natural products or analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iakovos Saridakis
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research
Platform for Next Generation Macrocycles, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Zheng K, Hong R. Stereoconfining macrocyclizations in the total synthesis of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1546-1575. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00094h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review covers selected examples of point chirality-forming macrocyclizations in natural product total synthesis in the past three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Ran Hong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
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Pellissier H. Recent developments in the asymmetric Reformatsky-type reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:325-344. [PMID: 29507638 PMCID: PMC5815279 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review collects the most important developments in asymmetric Reformatsky-type reactions published since the beginning of 2013, including both diastereoselective methodologies based on the use of chiral substrates and enantioselective catalytic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pellissier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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9
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Xie CL, Niu S, Xia JM, Peng K, Zhang GY, Yang XW. Saccharopolytide A, a new cyclic tetrapeptide with rare 4-hydroxy-proline moieties from the deep-sea derived actinomycete Saccharopolyspora cebuensis MCCC 1A09850. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1627-1631. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1392956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lan Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Siwen Niu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin-Mei Xia
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Kun Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Gai-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian-Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
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10
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Yang S, Xi Y, Chen J, Yang Z. Mechanistic Study of SmI2-Mediated Reformatsky Reaction for Macrolactam Formation Using a Cyclopropyl Group as a Probe. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shouliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education and; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS); College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yumeng Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education and; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS); College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education and; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS); College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education and; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS); College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University; Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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