1
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Wang Q, Son K, Pietropaolo A, Fortino M, Ogasawara M, Ohji T, Shimoda S, Bando M, Nakano T. Distinctive Chiral Conformations Induced to Poly (naphthalene-1,4-diyl) by Helix-sense-selective Polymerization and Circularly Polarized Light Irradiation. Chemistry 2024:e202304275. [PMID: 38575394 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Optically active poly(naphthalene-1,4-diyl) was prepared through helix-sense-selective polymerization of the corresponding monomers and also through circularly polarized light (CPL) irradiation, resulting in distinctive circular dichroism (CD) spectral patterns. Chirality of the helix-sense-selective polymerization -based polymer is ascribed to preferred-handed helicity while that of the CPL-based polymer to a non-helical, chiral conformation ('biased-dihedral conformation') with preferred-handedness which was stable only in the solid state. The helix of the helix-sense-selective polymerization-based polymer gradually racemized in tetrahydrofuran while it was stabilized by aggregate formation in a hexane-dichloromethane solution. Both helix-sense-selective polymerization- and CPL-based polymers exhibited efficient circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wang
- Institute for Catalysis (ICAT) and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ka Son
- Institute for Catalysis (ICAT) and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Adriana Pietropaolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Fortino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Masamichi Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takehito Ohji
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuhei Shimoda
- Institute for Catalysis (ICAT) and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Bando
- Institute for Catalysis (ICAT) and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tamaki Nakano
- Institute for Catalysis (ICAT) and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
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2
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Cheng X, Miao T, Ma Y, Zhang W. Chiral Expression and Morphology Control in Polymer Dispersion Systems. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202100556. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Cheng
- Soochow University College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science CHINA
| | - Tengfei Miao
- Soochow University College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science CHINA
| | - Yafei Ma
- Soochow University College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science CHINA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Soochow University Department of Polymer Science and Engineering No.199 Renai Road 215123 Suzhou CHINA
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3
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Abstract
Many structures in nature look symmetric, but this is not completely accurate, because absolute symmetry is close to death. Chirality (handedness) is one form of living asymmetry. Chirality has been extensively investigated at different levels. Many rules were coined in attempts made for many decades to have control over the selection of handedness that seems to easily occur in nature. It is certain that if good control is realized on chirality, the roads will be ultimately open towards numerous developments in pharmaceutical, technological, and industrial applications. This tutorial review presents a report on chirality from single molecules to supramolecular assemblies. The realized functions are still in their infancy and have been scarcely converted into actual applications. This review provides an overview for starters in the chirality field of research on concepts, common methodologies, and outstanding accomplishments. It starts with an introductory section on the definitions and classifications of chirality at the different levels of molecular complexity, followed by highlighting the importance of chirality in biological systems and the different means of realizing chirality and its inversion in solid and solution-based systems at molecular and supramolecular levels. Chirality-relevant important findings and (bio-)technological applications are also reported accordingly.
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4
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Towards New Chiroptical Transitions Based on Thought Experiments and Hypothesis. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13061103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied supramolecular chirality induced by circularly polarized light. Photoresponsive azopolymers form a helical intermolecular network. Furthermore, studies on photochemical materials using optical vortex light will also attract attention in the future. In contrast to circularly polarized light carrying spin angular momentum, an optical vortex with a spiral wave front and carrying orbital angular momentum may impart torque upon irradiated materials. In this review, we summarize a few examples, and then theoretically and computationally deduce the differences in spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum depending on molecular orientation not on, but in, polymer films. UV-vis absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra are consequences of electric dipole transition and magnetic dipole transition, respectively. However, the basic effect of vortex light is postulated to originate from quadrupole transition. Therefore, we explored the simulated CD spectra of azo dyes with the aid of conventional density functional theory (DFT) calculations and preliminary theoretical discussions of the transition of CD. Either linearly or circularly polarized UV light causes the trans–cis photoisomerization of azo dyes, leading to anisotropic and/or helically organized methyl orange, respectively, which may be detectable by CD spectroscopy after some technical treatments. Our preliminary theoretical results may be useful for future experiments on the irradiation of UV light under vortex.
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5
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Construction of Supramolecular Chirality in Polymer Systems: Chiral Induction, Transfer and Application. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Resonance in Chirogenesis and Photochirogenesis: Colloidal Polymers Meet Chiral Optofluidics. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastable colloids made of crystalline and/or non-crystalline matters render abilities of photonic resonators susceptible to chiral chemical and circularly polarized light sources. By assuming that μm-size colloids and co-colloids consisting of π- and/or σ-conjugated polymers dispersed into an optofluidic medium are artificial models of open-flow, non-equilibrium coacervates, we showcase experimentally resonance effects in chirogenesis and photochirogenesis, revealed by gigantic boosted chiroptical signals as circular dichroism (CD), optical rotation dispersion, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and CPL excitation (CPLE) spectral datasets. The resonance in chirogenesis occurs at very specific refractive indices (RIs) of the surrounding medium. The chirogenesis is susceptible to the nature of the optically active optofluidic medium. Moreover, upon an excitation-wavelength-dependent circularly polarized (CP) light source, a fully controlled absolute photochirogenesis, which includes all chiroptical generation, inversion, erase, switching, and short-/long-lived memories, is possible when the colloidal non-photochromic and photochromic polymers are dispersed in an achiral optofluidic medium with a tuned RI. The hand of the CP light source is not a determining factor for the product chirality. These results are associated with my experience concerning amphiphilic polymerizable colloids, in which, four decades ago, allowed proposing a perspective that colloids are connectable to light, polymers, helix, coacervates, and panspermia hypotheses, nuclear physics, biology, radioisotopes, homochirality question, first life, and cosmology.
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7
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Zhang Z, Harada T, Pietropaolo A, Wang Y, Wang Y, Hu X, He X, Chen H, Song Z, Bando M, Nakano T. Blue circularly polarized luminescent amorphous molecules with single-handed propeller chirality induced by circularly polarized light irradiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1794-1797. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07898k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Single-handed propeller structure was induced by circularly polarized light irradiation to three molecules with a flat core moiety and twisted periphery groups (wings). The molecules exhibited efficient blue circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. K Hashim
- Chemistry and BiotechnologyThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 113 8656 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic ScienceHokkaido University N20, W10 Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
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9
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Abstract
Chirality is a natural attribute nature of living matter and plays an important role in maintaining the metabolism, evolution and functional activities of living organisms. Asymmetric conformation represents the chiral structure of biomacromolecules in living organisms on earth, such as the L-amino acids of proteins and enzymes, and the D-sugars of DNA or RNA, which exist preferentially as one enantiomer. Circularly polarized light (CPL), observed in the formation regions of the Orion constellation, has long been proposed as one of the origins of single chirality. Herein, the CPL triggered asymmetric polymerization, photo-modulation of chirality based on polymers are described. The mechanisms between CPL and polymers (including polydiacetylene, azobenzene polymers, chiral coordination polymers, and polyfluorene) are described in detail. This minireview provides a promising flexible asymmetric synthesis method for the fabrication of chiral polymer via CPL irradiation, with the hope of obtaining a better understanding of the origin of homochirality on earth.
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Questions of Mirror Symmetry at the Photoexcited and Ground States of Non-Rigid Luminophores Raised by Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. Part 2: Perylenes, BODIPYs, Molecular Scintillators, Coumarins, Rhodamine B, and DCM. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether semi-rigid and non-rigid π-conjugated fluorophores in the photoexcited (S1) and ground (S0) states exhibited mirror symmetry by circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy using a range of compounds dissolved in achiral liquids. The fluorophores tested were six perylenes, six scintillators, 11 coumarins, two pyrromethene difluoroborates (BODIPYs), rhodamine B (RhB), and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM). All the fluorophores showed negative-sign CPL signals in the ultraviolet (UV)–visible region, suggesting energetically non-equivalent and non-mirror image structures in the S1 state. The dissymmetry ratio of the CPL (glum) increased discontinuously from approximately −0.2 × 10−3 to −2.0 × 10−3, as the viscosity of the liquids increased. Among these liquids, C2-symmetrical stilbene 420 showed glum ≈ −0.5 × 10−3 at 408 nm in H2O and D2O, while, in a viscous alkanediol, the signal was amplified to glum ≈ −2.0 × 10−3. Moreover, BODIPYs, RhB, and DCM in the S0 states revealed weak (−)-sign CD signals with dissymmetry ratios (gabs) ≈ −1.4 × 10−5 at λmax/λext. The origin of the (−)-sign CPL and the (−)-sign CD signals may arise from an electroweak charge at the polyatomic level. Our CPL and CD spectral analysis could be a possible answer to the molecular parity violation hypothesis based on a weak neutral current of Z0 boson origin that could connect to the origin of biomolecular handedness.
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11
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Chen H, Yin L, Liu M, Wang L, Fujiki M, Zhang W, Zhu X. Aggregation-induced chiroptical generation and photoinduced switching of achiral azobenzene- alt-fluorene copolymer endowed with left- and right-handed helical polysilanes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4849-4856. [PMID: 35514644 PMCID: PMC9060682 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09345h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The left and right helicities of azobenzene (Azo)-containing main-chain polymer (PF8Azo) were successfully controlled with an enantiomeric pair of rigid rod-like helical polysilanes carrying (S)- and (R)-2-methylbutyl groups (PSi-S and PSi-R, respectively) as their hetero-aggregates in a mixture of chloroform and methanol solvents and in the solid state. Optimizing the good and poor cosolvents and their volume fractions showed that the molar ratio of PF8Azo to PSi-S/-R and the molecular weight of PF8Azo were crucial to boost the CD amplitudes of PF8Azo/PSi-S and PF8Azo/PSi-R hetero-aggregates. The photoresponsive trans-cis transformation caused noticeable changes in the sign and magnitude of the chiroptical behavior due to the hetero-aggregates. Moreover, the optically active PF8Azo homo-aggregates were produced by complete photoscissoring reactions at 313 nm, which could be assigned to the Siσ-Siσ* transitions of PSi-S and PSi-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Chen
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Industrial Park Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lu Yin
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Industrial Park Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Meng Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Industrial Park Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Laibing Wang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8946-5, Takayama Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8946-5, Takayama Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Industrial Park Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Industrial Park Suzhou 215123 China
- Global Institute of Software Technology No. 5 Qingshan Road, Suzhou National Hi-Tech District Suzhou 215163 China
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12
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Li S, Miao T, Cheng X, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Zhu X. Different phase-dominated chiral assembly of polyfluorenes induced by chiral solvation: axial and supramolecular chirality. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38257-38264. [PMID: 35541783 PMCID: PMC9075892 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of chirality in an achiral system will not only help avoid the tedious and expensive synthesis of chiral substances or catalysts but also greatly expand the ranges of chiral compounds. Herein, the induction of chirality in achiral polyfluorene (PF2/6 and PF8) with different alkyl chains at the C9 position of fluorene was achieved using a binary solvent system, in which ethanol was used as a poor solvent and chiral limonene was employed simultaneously as a good solvent and chiral solvent. The circular dichroism (CD), UV-vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectra demonstrated that the structures of PFs with linear/branched alkyl side chains and the volume fractions of the cosolvents had an obvious effect on the generation of chirality driven by chiral solvation. During the chiral assembly processes of PFs, PF8 with a linear alkyl side chain demonstrated the obvious chiral β phase, while PF2/6 with a branched alkyl side chain only showed the chiral α phase. WAXD data also confirmed the existence of quite different phases of PF8 and PF2/6. The first induced chirality of PF with a branched alkyl side chain (PF2/6) will help the further understanding of the chiral assembly mechanism of PFs driven by chiral solvation. The induced chirality of PF2/6 was axial chirality of the PF chain but the chirality of PF8 was from the supramolecular chiral assembly of the PF chains. The linear dependence of the maximum CD and gCD values on the enantiomeric purity of chiral limonene demonstrated that the achiral PFs have a potential application as chiral sensors to detect the ee value of limonene. The chiral solvation induced chirality in achiral polyfluorenes showed the axial chirality for PF2/6 with branched side alkyl chain, but supramolecular chirality for PF8 with linear side alkyl chain.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Tengfei Miao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiaoxiao Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yin Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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13
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Wang Y, Harada T, Phuong LQ, Kanemitsu Y, Nakano T. Helix Induction to Polyfluorenes Using Circularly Polarized Light: Chirality Amplification, Phase-Selective Induction, and Anisotropic Emission. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takunori Harada
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University, Dannoharu,
700, Oita City 870-1192, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Le Quang Phuong
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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14
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Yang D, Zhang L, Yin L, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Liu M. Fabrication of chiroptically switchable films via co-gelation of a small chiral gelator with an achiral azobenzene-containing polymer. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6129-6136. [PMID: 28791338 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00935f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Helical polymers are widely found in nature and synthetic functional materials. Although a number of elaborate strategies have been developed to endow polymers with helicity through either covalent bonds or supramolecular techniques, it still remains a challenge to get the desired helical polymers with controlled handedness in an easy but effective manner. In this study, we report an easily accessible gelation-guided self-assembly system where the chirality of a gelator can be easily transferred to an achiral azobenzene-containing polymer during gelation. It is found that during the process of chiral induction, the induced chirality of the polymer was entirely dominated by the molecular chirality of the gelator. Experimentally, achiral azobenzene-containing polymers with different side-chain lengths were doped into a supramolecular gel system formed with amphiphilic N,N'-bis-(octadecyl)-l(d)-Boc-glutamic (LBG-18 or DBG-18 for short). CD spectra and SEM observation confirmed that the co-assembly of polymer/LBG-18 or polymer/DBG-18 in the xerogel state exhibited supramolecular chirality. More importantly, alternate UV and visible light irradiation on the xerogel film caused the induced CD signal to switch between on and off states. Thus a chiroptical switch was fabricated based on the isomerization of the azo-polymer in xerogel films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.
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15
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Wang L, Yin L, Zhang W, Zhu X, Fujiki M. Circularly Polarized Light with Sense and Wavelengths To Regulate Azobenzene Supramolecular Chirality in Optofluidic Medium. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13218-13226. [PMID: 28846842 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Circularly polarized light (CPL) as a massless physical force causes absolute asymmetric photosynthesis, photodestruction, and photoresolution. CPL handedness has long been believed to be the determining factor in the resulting product's chirality. However, product chirality as a function of the CPL handedness, irradiation wavelength, and irradiation time has not yet been studied systematically. Herein, we investigate this topic using achiral polymethacrylate carrying achiral azobenzene as micrometer-size aggregates in an optofluidic medium with a tuned refractive index. Azobenzene chirality with a high degree of dissymmetry ratio (±1.3 × 10-2 at 313 nm) was generated, inverted, and switched in multiple cycles by irradiation with monochromatic incoherent CPL (313, 365, 405, and 436 nm) for 20 s using a weak incoherent light source (≈ 30 μW·cm-2). Moreover, the optical activity was retained for over 1 week in the dark. Photoinduced chirality was swapped by the irradiating wavelength, regardless of whether the CPL sense was the same. This scenario is similar to the so-called Cotton effect, which was first described in 1895. The tandem choice of both CPL sense and its wavelength was crucial for azobenzene chirality. Our experimental proof and theoretical simulation should provide new insight into the chirality of CPL-controlled molecules, supramolecules, and polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laibing Wang
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lu Yin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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16
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FUJIKI M. Creation and Controlling Asymmetric Small Molecules, Polymers, Colloids, and Small Objects Endowed with Polarized Light and Spin Polarized Particles. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2017. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2016-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiya FUJIKI
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
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17
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Nakano T. Photo Racemization and Polymerization of (R)-1,1'-Bi(2-naphthol). Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111541. [PMID: 27854333 PMCID: PMC6273637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(R)-1,1'-Bi(2-naphthol) ((R)-BINOL) in an acetonitrile solution lost optical activity upon irradiation with an Hg-Xe lamp. HPLC resolution of the product indicated that (R)-BINOL was racemized upon irradiation, and SEC analysis suggested that a polymeric product was formed in the course of racemization. It is proposed that polymerization of BINOL can occur before it is racemized and that a unit in a polymer derived from BINOL may lose its optical activity afterwards due to in-chain racemization and/or reduction. The polymeric products seem to consist not only of BINOL residues but also of residues derived from acetonitrile as well as those derived through reduction of BINOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Zhang
- Macromolecular Science Research Division, Institute for Catalysis and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Yue Wang
- Macromolecular Science Research Division, Institute for Catalysis and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Tamaki Nakano
- Macromolecular Science Research Division, Institute for Catalysis and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
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18
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Wang Y, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ, Nakano T. Chirality induction using circularly polarized light into a branched oligofluorene derivative in the presence of an achiral aid molecule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1919-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08464d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chirality induction into a uniform, star-shaped fluorene oligomer with a central truxene moiety (T3) was achieved using circularly polarized light in the presence of achiral fluorene or phenanthrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Institute for Catalysis (ICAT) and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 001-0021
- Japan
| | | | - Peter J. Skabara
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Tamaki Nakano
- Institute for Catalysis (ICAT) and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 001-0021
- Japan
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19
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Abdul Rahim NA, Fujiki M. Aggregation-induced scaffolding: photoscissable helical polysilane generates circularly polarized luminescent polyfluorene. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An enantiopair of rigid rod-like helical polysilanes as a photoscissible scaffold allowed the production of CPL- and CD-active dioctylpolyfluorene aggregates associated with complete removal by a polysilane-selective photoscissoring reaction at 313 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
- School of Materials Engineering
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
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20
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Rijeesh K, Hashim PK, Noro SI, Tamaoki N. Dynamic induction of enantiomeric excess from a prochiral azobenzene dimer under circularly polarized light. Chem Sci 2015; 6:973-980. [PMID: 29560183 PMCID: PMC5811134 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01993h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to photoinduce enantiomeric excess from the chirality of circularly polarized light (CPL) is pertinent to the study of the origin of homochirality in biomolecules. Such CPL-induced reactions, including both chirality generation and formation of partial enantiomeric imbalance, from nonchiral starting compounds have been known, however, only for the conversion of diarylolefins into chiral helicenes. In this study we synthesized three different prochiral molecules, each featuring a pair of photoisomerizable phenylazo moieties arranged symmetrically upon the phenyl rings of an sp3-hybridized carbon atom (1), the phenyl rings of [2.2]paracyclophane (2), and the ortho positions of a phenyl ring bearing a naphthyl unit (3), and then investigated the possibility of photoinducing enantiomeric excess under CPL. Irradiation of 1-3 with light induced E ↔ Z photoisomerizations of their azobenzene moieties, giving mixtures of their EE, EZ, and ZZ isomers in the photostationary state (PSS). Among these regioisomers, the EZ forms are chiral and existed as racemic mixtures of R and S stereoisomers. Upon CPL irradiation of 3, circular dichroism (CD) revealed enantiomeric enrichment of one of the EZ stereoisomers; furthermore, irradiation with r- or l-CPL gave CD signals opposite in sign, but with equal intensity, in the PSS. In contrast, 1 and 2 did not give any detectable induced CD upon CPL irradiation. These experimental results can be explained by considering the different Kuhn anisotropy factors (g) of the (R)-EZ and (S)-EZ stereoisomers of 1-3, assuming that the origin of the enantiomeric excess is the enantio-differentiating photoisomerization from EZ stereoisomers to nonchiral EE or ZZ regioisomers by r- or l-CPL. In short, we demonstrate the simultaneous induction of chirality and enantiomeric excess from a prochiral azobenzene dimer via a chiral regioisomer formed in situ upon CPL irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rijeesh
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-Ku , Sapporo 001-0020 , Hokkaido , Japan .
| | - P K Hashim
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-Ku , Sapporo 001-0020 , Hokkaido , Japan .
| | - Shin-Ichiro Noro
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-Ku , Sapporo 001-0020 , Hokkaido , Japan .
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-Ku , Sapporo 001-0020 , Hokkaido , Japan .
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21
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Pietropaolo A, Wang Y, Nakano T. Predicting the Switchable Screw Sense in Fluorene-Based Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Pietropaolo A, Wang Y, Nakano T. Predicting the switchable screw sense in fluorene-based polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2688-92. [PMID: 25641571 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A chirality-switching free-energy landscape was reconstructed on a 43-mer of poly(9,9-dioctylfluoren-2,7-diyl) (PDOF). The simulations were conducted on amorphous silica surface as well as in the vacuum phase for a single chain or for a group of sixteen chains. The achiral-to-chiral transition occurs only on amorphous silica (activation free-energy 35 kcal mol(-1) ), where the enantiomeric (homochiral) basins are detected. This was supported by the experiments where effective chirality induction to PDOF using circularly polarized light (CPL) was attained only for a film deposited on a quartz glass and not for a solution or a suspension. These results indicate that interactions of PDOF with amorphous silica play a crucial role in chirality switching. Importance of chain assembling was also indicated. Theoretical ECD spectra of the enantiomeric basins containing a 51 helix reproduce the experimental spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pietropaolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro (Italy).
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23
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Fujiki M, Donguri Y, Zhao Y, Nakao A, Suzuki N, Yoshida K, Zhang W. Photon magic: chiroptical polarisation, depolarisation, inversion, retention and switching of non-photochromic light-emitting polymers in optofluidic medium. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A circularly polarised photon hand, l- and r-, was not a deterministic factor for the induced chiroptical sign of π-conjugated polymer aggregates. This anomaly originates from circular dichroism inversion characteristics between shorter and longer π–π* bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Yuri Donguri
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Yin Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Ayako Nakao
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Nozomu Suzuki
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Kana Yoshida
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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24
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Jiang S, Zhao Y, Wang L, Yin L, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Zhang W, Zhu X. Photocontrollable induction of supramolecular chirality in achiral side chain Azo-containing polymers through preferential chiral solvation. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preferred supramolecular chirality in aggregates of achiral azobenzene-containing polymers by limonene as a chiral transducer is achieved for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqin Jiang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yin Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Laibing Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Lu Yin
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Jian Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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25
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Yin L, Zhao Y, Jiang S, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Zhang W, Zhu X. Preferential chiral solvation induced supramolecular chirality in optically inactive star Azo polymers: photocontrollability, chiral amplification and topological effects. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The chiral amplification phenomena were observed for the first time in 4- and 6-armed Azo star side-chain polymer systems, but absent in linear and 3-armed counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yin
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Yin Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Shunqin Jiang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Laibing Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Jian Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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26
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Wu ST, Cai ZW, Ye QY, Weng CH, Huang XH, Hu XL, Huang CC, Zhuang NF. Enantioselective Synthesis of a Chiral Coordination Polymer with Circularly Polarized Visible Laser. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12860-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Wu ST, Cai ZW, Ye QY, Weng CH, Huang XH, Hu XL, Huang CC, Zhuang NF. Enantioselective Synthesis of a Chiral Coordination Polymer with Circularly Polarized Visible Laser. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Nakano T. Tricks of Light on Helices: Transformation of Helical Polymers by Photoirradiation. CHEM REC 2014; 14:369-85. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Nakano
- Catalysis Research Center; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
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29
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Wang L, Suzuki N, Liu J, Matsuda T, Rahim NAA, Zhang W, Fujiki M, Zhang Z, Zhou N, Zhu X. Limonene induced chiroptical generation and inversion during aggregation of achiral polyfluorene analogs: structure-dependence and mechanism. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00865k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an element-dependent chiroptical inversion and structural dependence of π-conjugated polymers with the help of limonene chirality in aggregation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laibing Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Nozomu Suzuki
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma, Japan
| | - Jiangfei Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Takashi Matsuda
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma, Japan
| | - Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma, Japan
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma, Japan
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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30
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Liu J, Zhang J, Zhang S, Suzuki N, Fujiki M, Wang L, Li L, Zhang W, Zhou N, Zhu X. Chiroptical generation and amplification of hyperbranched π-conjugated polymers in aggregation states driven by limonene chirality. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01037f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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31
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Fujiki M, Kawagoe Y, Nakano Y, Nakao A. Mirror-symmetry-breaking in poly[(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl- 2,7-diyl)-alt-biphenyl] (PF8P2) is susceptible to terpene chirality, achiral solvents, and mechanical stirring. Molecules 2013; 18:7035-57. [PMID: 23774943 PMCID: PMC6269764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18067035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent chirality transfer of (S)-/(R)-limonenes allows the instant generation of optically active PF8P2 aggregates with distinct circular dichroism (CD)/circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) amplitudes with a high quantum yield of 16-20%. The present paper also reports subtle mirror-symmetry-breaking effects in CD-/CPL-amplitude and sign, CD/UV-vis spectral wavelengths, and photodynamics of the aggregates, though the reasons for the anomaly are unsolved. However, these photophysical properties depend on (i) the chemical natures of chiral and achiral molecules when used in solvent quantity, (ii) clockwise and counterclockwise stirring operations, and (iii) the order of addition of limonene and methanol to the chloroform solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.K.); (A.N.)
| | - Yoshifumi Kawagoe
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.K.); (A.N.)
| | - Yoko Nakano
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.K.); (A.N.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1760, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Ayako Nakao
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.K.); (A.N.)
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