1
|
Cheng Q, Bhattacharya D, Haring M, Cao H, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Skeletal editing of pyridines through atom-pair swap from CN to CC. Nat Chem 2024; 16:741-748. [PMID: 38238464 PMCID: PMC11087273 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal editing is a straightforward synthetic strategy for precise substitution or rearrangement of atoms in core ring structures of complex molecules; it enables quick diversification of compounds that is not possible by applying peripheral editing strategies. Previously reported skeletal editing of common arenes mainly relies on carbene- or nitrene-type insertion reactions or rearrangements. Although powerful, efficient and applicable to late-stage heteroarene core structure modification, these strategies cannot be used for skeletal editing of pyridines. Here we report the direct skeletal editing of pyridines through atom-pair swap from CN to CC to generate benzenes and naphthalenes in a modular fashion. Specifically, we use sequential dearomatization, cycloaddition and rearomatizing retrocycloaddition reactions in a one-pot sequence to transform the parent pyridines into benzenes and naphthalenes bearing diversified substituents at specific sites, as defined by the cycloaddition reaction components. Applications to late-stage skeletal diversification of pyridine cores in several drugs are demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | | | - Malte Haring
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hui Cao
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang H, Chang DH, Stamoulis AG, Huber GW, Lynn DM, Palecek SP, Dumesic JA. Controlling the toxicity of biomass-derived difunctional molecules as potential pharmaceutical ingredients for specific activity toward microorganisms and mammalian cells. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2023; 25:5416-5427. [PMID: 38223356 PMCID: PMC10786631 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc00188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A biomass-derived difuran compound, denoted as HAH (HMF-Acetone-HMF), synthesized by aldol-condensation of 5-hydroxyfurfural (HMF) and acetone, can be partially hydrogenated to provide an electron-rich difuran compound (PHAH) for Diels-Alder reactions with maleimide derivatives. The nitrogen (N) site in the maleimide can be substituted by imidation with amine-containing compounds to control the hydrophobicity of the maleimide moiety in adducts of furans and maleimide by Diels-Alder reaction, denoted as norcantharimides (Diels-Alder adducts). The structural effects on the toxicity of various biomass-derived small molecules synthesized in this manner to regulate biological processes, defined as low molecular weight (≤ 1000 g/mol) organic compounds, were investigated against diverse microbial and mammalian cell types. The biological toxicity increased when hydrophobic N-substitutions and C=C bonds were introduced into the molecular structure. Among the synthesized norcantharamide derivatives, some compounds demonstrated pH-dependent toxicities against specific cell types. Reaction kinetics analyses of the norcantharimides in biological conditions suggest that this pH-dependent toxicity of norcantharimides could arise from retro Diels-Alder reactions in the presence of a Brϕnsted acid that catalyzes the release of an N-substituted maleimide, which has higher toxicity against fungal cells than the toxicity of the Diels-Alder adduct. These synthetic approaches can be used to design biologically-active small molecules that exhibit selective toxicity against various cell types (e.g., fungal, cancer cells) and provide a sustainable platform for production of prodrugs that could actively or passively affect the viability of infectious cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hochan Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Douglas H. Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - George W. Huber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James A. Dumesic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Q, Yu L, Zhang YD, Guo YQ, Chen M, Ren ZH, Guan ZH. C(alkyl)-C(vinyl) bond cleavage enabled by Retro-Pallada-Diels-Alder reaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2572. [PMID: 37142571 PMCID: PMC10160084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation and cleavage of carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds is a fundamental transformation in organic chemistry while inert C-C bonds cleavage remains a long-standing challenge. Retro-Diels-Alder (retro-DA) reaction is a well-known and important tool for C-C bonds cleavage but less been explored in methodology by contrast to other strategies. Herein, we report a selective C(alkyl)-C(vinyl) bond cleavage strategy realized through the transient directing group mediated retro-Diels-Alder reaction of a six-membered palladacycle, which is obtained from an in situ generated hydrazone and palladium hydride species. This unprecedented strategy exhibits good tolerances and thus offers new opportunities for late-stage modifications of complex molecules. DFT calculations revealed that an intriguing retro-Pd(IV)-Diels-Alder process is possibly involved in the catalytic cycle, thus bridging both Retro-Diels-Alder reaction and C-C bond cleavage. We anticipate that this strategy should prove instrumental for potential applications to achieve the modification of functional organic skeletons in synthetic chemistry and other fields involving in molecular editing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Du Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Hui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang H, Stamoulis AG, Huber GW, Dumesic JA. Design of supported organocatalysts from a biomass-derived difuran compound and catalytic assessment for lactose hydrolysis. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2023; 25:1809-1822. [PMID: 37810198 PMCID: PMC10557463 DOI: 10.1039/d2gc04243f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The engineered structures and active sites of enzyme catalysts give rise to high catalytic activity and selectivity toward desired reactions. We have employed a biomass-derived difuran compound to append N-substituted maleimides with amino acid (glutamic acid) substitution by Diels-Alder reaction to mimic the chemical functional groups that comprise the active site channels in enzyme catalysts. The difunctionality of the biomass-derived difuran allows production of Diels-Alder adducts by appending two amino acid moieties to form a difunctional organocatalyst. The catalytic activity of the organocatalyst can be improved by immobilizing the organocatalyst on solid supporting materials. Accordingly, the structures of these immobilized organocatalysts can be engineered to mimic enzymatic active sites and to control the interaction between reactants, products, and transition states of catalytic reactions. Lactose hydrolysis was carried out to provide an example of industrial application of this approach to design and fabricate new supported organocatalysts as artificial enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hochan Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - George W. Huber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James A. Dumesic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cardosa-Gutierrez M, De Bo G, Duwez AS, Remacle F. Bond breaking of furan-maleimide adducts via a diradical sequential mechanism under an external mechanical force. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1263-1271. [PMID: 36756317 PMCID: PMC9891376 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Substituted furan-maleimide Diels-Alder adducts are bound by dynamic covalent bonds that make them particularly attractive mechanophores. Thermally activated [4 + 2] retro-Diels-Alder (DA) reactions predominantly proceed via a concerted mechanism in the ground electronic state. We show that an asymmetric mechanical force along the anchoring bonds in both the endo and exo isomers of proximal dimethyl furan-maleimide adducts favors a sequential pathway. The switching from a concerted to a sequential mechanism occurs at external forces of ≈1 nN. The first bond rupture occurs for a projection of the pulling force on the scissile bond at ≈4.3 nN for the exo adduct and ≈3.8 nN for the endo one. The reaction is inhibited for external forces up to ≈3.4 nN for the endo adduct and 3.6 nN for the exo one after which it is activated. In the activated region, at 4 nN, the rupture rate of the first bond for the endo adduct is computed to be ≈3 orders of magnitude larger than for the exo one in qualitative agreement with recent sonication experiments [Z. Wang and S. L. Craig, Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 12263-12266]. In the intermediate region of the path between the rupture of the first and the second bond, the lowest singlet state exhibits a diradical character for both adducts and is close in energy to a diradical triplet state. The computed values of spin-orbit coupling along the path are too small for inducing intersystem crossings. These findings open the way for the rational design of DA mechanophores for polymer science and photochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume De Bo
- Department of Chemistry, University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Anne-Sophie Duwez
- UR Molecular Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Francoise Remacle
- UR Molecular Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kotha S, Meher P. Expanding the Diversity of Pyridines Through Annulation of Keto and Diketo Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Indian Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry Powai 400 076 Mumbai INDIA
| | - Punam Meher
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay chemistry INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Horváth Á, Benkő Z. Understanding the Mechanism of Diels-Alder Reactions with Anionic Dienophiles: A Systematic Comparison of [ECX] - (E = P, As; X = O, S, Se) Anions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7922-7934. [PMID: 35533395 PMCID: PMC9131451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
While Diels–Alder
(DA) reactions involving neutral or cationic
dienophiles are well-known, the characteristics of the analogous reactions
with anionic dienophiles are practically unexplored. Herein we present
the first comparative computational investigations on the characteristics
of DA cycloadditions with anionic dienophiles on the basis of the
reactions of [ECX]− anions (E = P, As; X = O, S,
Se) with 2H-pyran-2-one. All of these reactions were
found to be both kinetically and thermodynamically feasible, enabling
synthetic access toward 2-phosphaphenolate and arsaphenolate derivatives
in the future. This study also reveals that the [ECO]− anions show clear regioselectivity, while for [ECS]− and [ECSe]− anions, the two possible reaction
channels have very similar energetics. Additionally, the activation
barriers for the [ECO]− anions are lower than those
of the heavier analogues. The observed differences can be traced back
to the starkly differing nucleophilic character of the pnictogen center
in the anions, leading to a barrier-lowering effect in the case of
the [ECO]− anions. Furthermore, analysis of the
geometries and electron distributions of the corresponding transition
states revealed structure–property relationships, and thus
a direct comparison of the cycloaddition reactivity of these anions
was achieved. Along one of the two pathways, a good correlation was
found between the activation barriers and suitable nucleophilicity
descriptors (nucleophilic Parr function and global nucleophilicity).
Additionally, the tendency of the reaction energies can be explained
by the changing aromaticity of the products. In contrast to the phosphaethynolate [PCO]− anion, the cycloaddition reactivity of the heavier congeners ([ECX]−, where E = P, As and X = O, S, Se) is unexplored.
In this computational study, the Diels−Alder reaction between
the known [ECX]− anions and 2-pyrone was employed
to compare the reactivity patterns. The first activation barrier of
these reactions correlates with the nucleophilicity of the anions,
indicating a barrier-lowering effect. The feasibility of the studied
reactions, leading to P and As heterocycles, was also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Horváth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marchese AD, Mirabi B, Johnson CE, Lautens M. Reversible C-C bond formation using palladium catalysis. Nat Chem 2022; 14:398-406. [PMID: 35301473 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A widely appreciated principle is that all reactions are fundamentally reversible. Observing reversible transition metal-catalysed reactions, particularly those that include the cleavage of C-C bonds, is more challenging. The development of palladium- and nickel-catalysed carboiodination reactions afforded access to the cis and trans diastereomers of the iodo-dihydroisoquinolone products. Using these substrates, an extensive study investigating the reversibility of C-C bond formation using a simple palladium catalyst was undertaken. Herein we report a comprehensive investigation of reversible C-C bond formation using palladium catalysis employing diastereomeric neopentyl iodides as the starting point. It was shown that both diastereomers could be converted to a common product under identical catalytic conditions. A combination of experimental and computational studies were used to probe the operative mechanism. A variety of concepts key to understanding the process of reversible C-C bond formations were investigated, including the effect of electronic and steric parameters on the C-C bond-cleavage step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin D Marchese
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bijan Mirabi
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colton E Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tran HV, Haghdoost MM, Poulet S, Tcherkawsky P, Castonguay A. Exploiting exo and endo furan-maleimide Diels-Alder linkages for the functionalization of organoruthenium complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2214-2218. [PMID: 35015020 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02766b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diels-Alder cycloadditions involving furans and maleimides are extensively used in organic chemistry and materials synthesis. Given the promising advances of organoruthenium complexes in therapy, we explored the possibility of exploiting such Diels-Alder linkages as a mean to modulate their biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Van Tran
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Haghdoost
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Sylvain Poulet
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Paul Tcherkawsky
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Annie Castonguay
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang H, Kim MS, Huber GW, Dumesic JA. Design of closed-loop recycling production of a Diels-Alder polymer from a biomass-derived difuran as a functional additive for polyurethanes. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2021; 23:9479-9488. [PMID: 35237099 PMCID: PMC8884468 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc02865k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Acetalization of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) with pentaerythritol produced a difuran (HPH) monomer in the presence of an acid catalyst. A recyclable polymer was then synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction of bismaleimide and the HMF-derived difuran (HPH). A polyurethane, produced from the Diels-Alder polymer has a higher glass transition temperature than a polyurethane, produced from ethylene glycol. The polyurethane, containing Diels-Alder polymer also has a self-healing ability. The Diels-Alder polymer could be hydrolyzed under acidic acetate buffer at 60°C to produce the monomers for recycling. Each produced monomer was separated by solvent extraction, and the extracted monomers were recovered in different solvent fractions, such as aqueous, ethyl acetate, and acetone fractions. Techno economic analysis was used to assess the minimum selling price ($14.1 per kg) for the primary production of Diels-Alder polymer at a feed capacity of 400 tons per year. The economic viability of the primary recovery process for the most expensive recovered monomer, bismaleimide, was assessed by calculating the minimum selling price of the bismaleimide ($15.2 per kg). A circular closed-loop recycling production process for the Diels-Alder polymer was developed and this approach can produce the Diels-Alder polymer at $8.2 per kg when the feed capacity was 40 ktons per year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hochan Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - George W. Huber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James A. Dumesic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thum K, Pahl J, Eyselein J, Elsen H, Langer J, Harder S. Retro-Diels-Alder decomposition of norbornadiene mediated by a cationic magnesium complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5278-5281. [PMID: 33942830 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First evidence for the coordination of norbornadiene (nbd) and dicyclopentadiene (dcpd) with the main group metal Mg is provided by the crystal structures of adducts with cationic β-diketiminate (BDI) Mg complexes. While the dcpd complex is thermally stable, [(BDI)Mg+·nbd][B(C6F5)4-] shows slow room temperature retro-Diels-Alder decomposition to give a complex with the cation (BDI)Mg(C5H5)Mg(BDI)+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Thum
- Inorganic and Metallorganic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Pahl
- Inorganic and Metallorganic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Metallorganic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Metallorganic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Metallorganic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Metallorganic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Natural products are the most effective source of potential drug leads. The total
synthesis of bioactive natural products plays a crucial role in confirming the hypothetical
complex structure of natural products in the laboratory. The total synthesis of rare bioactive
natural products is one of the great challenges for the organic synthetic community due to
their complex structures, biochemical specificity, and difficult stereochemistry. Subsequently,
the total synthesis is a long process in several cases, and it requires a substantial amount of
time. Microwave irradiation has emerged as a greener tool in organic methodologies to reduce
reaction time from days and hours to minutes and seconds. Moreover, this non-classical
methodology increases product yields and purities, improves reproducibility, modifications of
selectivity, simplification of work-up methods, and reduces unwanted side reactions. Such
beneficial qualities have stimulated this review to cover the application of microwave irradiation in the field of the
total synthesis of bioactive natural products for the first time during the last decade. An overview of the use of microwave
irradiation, natural sources, structures, and biological activities of secondary metabolites is presented elegantly,
focusing on the involvement of at least one or more steps by microwave irradiation as a green technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasadhar Majhi
- Department of Chemistry (UG & PG Department), Triveni Devi Bhalotia College, Raniganj, Kazi Nazrul University, West Bengal- 713347, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carrillo Vallejo NA, Scheerer JR. Application of 1,4-Oxazinone Precursors to the Construction of Pyridine Derivatives by Tandem Intermolecular Cycloaddition/Cycloreversion. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5863-5869. [PMID: 33797249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study reveals a new method for the preparation of 1,4-oxazinone derivatives by Staudinger reductive cyclization of functionalized vinyl azide precursors. The resulting oxazinone derivatives prepared in this manner were intercepted with terminal alkyne substrates through an intermolecular cycloaddition/cycloreversion sequence to afford polysubstituted pyridine products. Alkyne substrates bearing propargyl oxygen substitution showed good regioselectivity in the cycloaddition operation selectively affording 2,4,6-substituted pyridines. Application of this chemistry to the synthesis of an ErbB4 receptor inhibitor is also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Carrillo Vallejo
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Jonathan R Scheerer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Riu MLY, Cummins CC. 3,5-Diphenyl-2-phosphafuran: Synthesis, Structure, and Thermally Reversible [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Chemistry. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14810-14816. [PMID: 33161714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of trans-chalcone with dibenzo-7-phosphanorbornadiene EtOPA (A = C14H10, anthracene), a source of ethoxyphosphinidene, followed by formal elimination of ethanol yields 3,5-diphenyl-2-phosphafuran (DPF) in 43% yield. We show that the phosphadiene moiety of DPF is a potent diene in the Diels-Alder reaction and reacts with dienophiles dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DPF·DMAD, 68%), norbornene (DPF·norbornene, 73%), and ethylene (DPF·C2H4, 80%) under ambient conditions. Mild heating of DPF·C2H4 results in the corresponding retro-Diels-Alder reaction, establishing DPF as a molecule that is able to reversibly bind ethylene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin-Louis Y Riu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Antonova AS, Vinokurova MA, Kumandin PA, Merkulova NL, Sinelshchikova AA, Grigoriev MS, Novikov RA, Kouznetsov VV, Polyanskii KB, Zubkov FI. Application of New Efficient Hoveyda-Grubbs Catalysts Comprising an N→Ru Coordinate Bond in a Six-Membered Ring for the Synthesis of Natural Product-Like Cyclopenta[ b]furo[2,3- c]pyrroles. Molecules 2020; 25:E5379. [PMID: 33213018 PMCID: PMC7709010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ring rearrangement metathesis (RRM) of a trans-cis diastereomer mixture of methyl 3-allyl-3a,6-epoxyisoindole-7-carboxylates derived from cheap, accessible and renewable furan-based precursors in the presence of a new class of Hoveyda-Grubbs-type catalysts, comprising an N→Ru coordinate bond in a six-membered ring, results in the difficult-to-obtain natural product-like cyclopenta[b]furo[2,3-c]pyrroles. In this process, only one diastereomer with a trans-arrangement of the 3-allyl fragment relative to the 3a,6-epoxy bridge enters into the rearrangement, while the cis-isomers polymerize almost completely under the same conditions. The tested catalysts are active in the temperature range from 60 to 120 °C at a concentration of 0.5 mol % and provide better yields of the target tricycles compared to the most popular commercially available second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst. The diastereoselectivity of the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction furan (IMDAF) reaction between starting 1-(furan-2-yl)but-3-en-1-amines and maleic anhydride, leading to 3a,6-epoxyisoindole-7-carboxylates, was studied as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S. Antonova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.A.); (M.A.V.); (P.A.K.); (N.L.M.)
| | - Marina A. Vinokurova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.A.); (M.A.V.); (P.A.K.); (N.L.M.)
| | - Pavel A. Kumandin
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.A.); (M.A.V.); (P.A.K.); (N.L.M.)
| | - Natalia L. Merkulova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.A.); (M.A.V.); (P.A.K.); (N.L.M.)
| | - Anna A. Sinelshchikova
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, bld. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Mikhail S. Grigoriev
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, bld. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Roman A. Novikov
- V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir V. Kouznetsov
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, CMN, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguara, Km 2 vía refugio, Piedecuesta A.A. 681011, Colombia;
| | - Kirill B. Polyanskii
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.A.); (M.A.V.); (P.A.K.); (N.L.M.)
| | - Fedor I. Zubkov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.A.); (M.A.V.); (P.A.K.); (N.L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ambareen Fatma
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Said AI, Palkó M, Haukka M, Fülöp F. Retro Diels Alder protocol for regioselective synthesis of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a]pyrimidin-7(1 H)-ones. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33937-33943. [PMID: 35519032 PMCID: PMC9056728 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04345a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions of diastereochemically varied norbornene-condensed 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-ones 6 and 10 with variously functionalized hydrazonoyl chlorides 2a-h gave regioselectively angular norbornene-based [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-7(1H)-ones 7a-h and 11a,c-e, respectively. Thermal retro Diels-Alder (RDA) reaction of 7a-h and 11a,c-e resulted in the target compounds 4a-h as single products. On the other hand, reactions of thiouracil 1 and hydrozonoyl chlorides 2a-e gave regioselectively [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidinone-5(1H)-ones 3a-e. The opposite regioselectivity of thiouracil 1 and norbornene-condensed 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-ones 6 and 10 was attributed to electronic factors according to DFT calculations. The angular structure of norbornene based [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-7(1H)-ones was confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awad I Said
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Assiut 71516 Egypt
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskulä FIN-40014 Jyväskulä Finland
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis Involving Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Diels–Alder Reaction. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient generation and amplification of chirality from prochiral substrates in the Diels–Alder reaction (DA reaction) followed by dynamic crystallization were achieved without using an external chiral source. Since the DA reaction of 2-methylfuran and various maleimides proceeds reversibly, an exo-adduct was obtained as the main product as the reaction proceeded. From single crystal X-ray structure analysis, it was found that five of ten exo-adducts gave conglomerates. When 2-methylfuran and various maleimides with a catalytic amount of TFA were reacted in a sealed tube, the exo-DA adducts were precipitated from the solution, while the reaction mixtures were continuously ground and stirred using glass beads. Deracemization occurred and chiral amplification was observed for four of the substrates. Each final enantiomeric purity was influenced by the crystal structure, and when enantiomers were included in the disorder, they reached an enantiomeric purity reflecting the ratio of the disorder. The final ee value of the 3,5-dimethylphenyl derivative after chiral amplification was 98% ee.
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Kotha S, Fatma A. Construction of [5/7/5] Fused Tricyclic Sulfones via Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ambareen Fatma
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kotha S, Rao Cheekatla S. Design and Synthesis of Pentacycloundecane Cage Compound Containing Oxazole Moiety. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
23
|
Widstrom AL, Lear BJ. Structural and solvent control over activation parameters for a pair of retro Diels-Alder reactions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18267. [PMID: 31797942 PMCID: PMC6892874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the temperature dependent NMR of two Diels-Alder adducts of furan: one formed with maleic anhydride and the other with N-methylmaleimide. These adducts are the products of so-called 'click' reactions, widely valued for providing simple, reliable, and robust reactivity. Under our experimental conditions, these adducts undergo a retro Diels-Alder reaction and we use our temperature dependent NMR to determine the rates of these reactions at multiple temperatures-ultimately providing estimates of the activation parameters for the reversion. We repeat these measurements in three solvents. We find that, in all solvents, the barrier to reversion is larger for the adduct formed with N-methylmaleimide. The barrier to reversion for this adduct is relatively insensitive to changes in solvent while the adduct formed with maleic anhydride responds more strongly to changes in solvent polarity. The differences in reaction barrier and solvent dependence arises because the adduct formed with N-methylmalemide is more stable-leading to a larger barrier to reversion-while the adduct formed with maleic anhydride experiences a larger change in dipole during the reaction-leading to a larger solvent dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Widstrom
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Lear
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kotha S, Cheekatla SR, Fatma A. Synthetic Approach to the ABCD Ring System of Anticancer Agent Fredericamycin A via Claisen Rearrangement and Ring-Closing Metathesis as Key Steps. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17109-17116. [PMID: 31656883 PMCID: PMC6811863 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new synthetic strategy to the ABCD ring system of the anticancer agent fredericamycin A (NSC-305263) was realized by the Diels-Alder reaction and olefin metathesis as key steps. The tactics developed here for the construction of the ABCD ring system also involve double Claisen rearrangement followed by a retro-Diels-Alder reaction and ring-closing metathesis. The metathesis approach performs a key role in the construction of A and D rings of the ABCD core unit. More importantly, ABCD fragment synthesis was accomplished without the involvement of protecting groups.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kotha S, Meshram M. Development of New Synthetic Strategies, Tactics and their Applications. CHEM REC 2019; 19:2480-2504. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai- 400 076 India
| | - Milind Meshram
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai- 400 076 India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Meguro T, Chen S, Kanemoto K, Yoshida S, Hosoya T. Modular Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Doubly-ring-fused Benzene Derivatives Based on a Sequential Ring Construction Strategy Using Oxadiazinones as a Platform Molecule. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Meguro
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kanemoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Intramolecular photocycloaddition reactions of 2- and 4-(5-arylpent-4-enyl)-1-cyanonaphthalenes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
Zhang J, Wang C, Wang C, Sun B, Qi C. Understanding the role of extracts from sea buckthorn seed residues in anti-melanogenesis properties on B16F10 melanoma cells. Food Funct 2018; 9:5402-5416. [PMID: 30277491 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01427b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydroalcoholic extract of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed residues (HYD-SBSR) is a potential skin whitening agent. To test this material as a potential skin whitening agent, we identified and quantified the main chemical constituents of HYD-SBSR by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS). The anti-melanogenesis properties of HYD-SBSR on B16F10 mouse melanoma cells were analysed and the mechanism was measured on both the transcriptional and translational levels. About 24 compounds were identified. Kaempferol and its derivatives were the main compounds with a concentration of about (2796.22 ± 31.55) μg per g DW. The following order among the detected compounds was observed: quercetin and its derivatives > isorhamnetin and its derivatives > procyanidins. HYD-SBSR has a strong antioxidant activity but with a slight cytotoxic effect on B16F10 when treated with 45.45 μg mL-1 and 4.55 μg mL-1 respectively, for 48 h. HYD-SBSR has been found to significantly decrease melanin content (P < 0.01) in 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Additionally, strong inhibitory extracellular tyrosinase activities and decreasing intracellular tyrosinase activities were also observed (P < 0.01). HYD-SBSR shows inhibitory effects on the expression of tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and the secretion of TYR and TRP-1 proteins in cell lines. The protein levels of tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) showed no significant difference. HYD-SBSR may inhibit melanin synthesis by decreasing the tyrosinase activity and down-regulating the expression of TYR and TRP-1 which were probably induced by other transcriptional factors rather than MITF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachan Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Angello NH, Wiley RE, Elmore TG, Perry RS, Scheerer JR. Domino Reaction Sequence for the Synthesis of [2.2.2]Diazabicycloalkenes and Base-Promoted Cycloreversion to 2-Pyridone Alkaloids. Org Lett 2018; 20:5203-5207. [PMID: 30095269 PMCID: PMC6220673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new domino reaction sequence for the construction of 2-pyridone structures is reported. The reaction sequence begins with diacetyldiketopiperazine and proceeds via aldol condensation, alkene isomerization, and intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition. The intermediate [2.2.2]diazabicycloalkene cycloadducts can be isolated or can engage in a base-accelerated extrusion of one lactam bridge to provide the 2-pyridone cycloreversion products. The operation leading to pyridone products can occur in one reaction vessel and proceeds at convenient temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H. Angello
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Robert E. Wiley
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Tristan G. Elmore
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Ryan S. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Scheerer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nekkaa I, Palkó M, Mándity IM, Miklós F, Fülöp F. Continuous-Flow retro-Diels-Alder Reaction: A Process Window for Designing Heterocyclic Scaffolds. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imane Nekkaa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - István M. Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Semmelweis University; Hogyes Endre u. 7 1092 Budapest Hungary
- MTA TTK Lendület Artificial Transporter Research Group; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Magyar Tudosok krt. 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Ferenc Miklós
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kotha S, Meshram M. Application of Claisen Rearrangement and Olefin Metathesis in Organic Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1758-1766. [PMID: 29956880 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several new synthetic methods to diverse polycycles and heterocycles on the basis of [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement and ring-closing metathesis as key steps are summarized. In this regard, Claisen, aza-Claisen, and Overman rearrangements are used in combination with other popular reactions such as ring-closing metathesis, Suzuki coupling, Diels-Alder reaction, and retro-Diels-Alder reaction. To this end, we prepared polycycles (e.g., cyclophanes, cage molecules), heterocycles (e.g., oxepins, azapins), carbocycles, and spirocycles with the use of the above protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400 076, India
| | - Milind Meshram
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400 076, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Uemura N, Toyoda S, Ishikawa H, Yoshida Y, Mino T, Kasashima Y, Sakamoto M. Asymmetric Diels–Alder Reaction Involving Dynamic Enantioselective Crystallization. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9300-9304. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and Molecular Chirality Research Center, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 265-8522, Japan
| | - Seiya Toyoda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and Molecular Chirality Research Center, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 265-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and Molecular Chirality Research Center, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 265-8522, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and Molecular Chirality Research Center, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 265-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and Molecular Chirality Research Center, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 265-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kasashima
- Education Center, Faculty of Creative Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Shibazono, Narashino, Chiba 275-0023, Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and Molecular Chirality Research Center, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 265-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Taimoory SM, Sadraei SI, Fayoumi RA, Nasri S, Revington M, Trant JF. Preparation and Characterization of a Small Library of Thermally-Labile End-Caps for Variable-Temperature Triggering of Self-Immolative Polymers. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4427-4440. [PMID: 29589930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between furans and maleimides has increasingly become a method of interest as its reversibility makes it a useful tool for applications ranging from self-healing materials, to self-immolative polymers, to hydrogels for cell culture and for the preparation of bone repair. However, most of these applications have relied on simple monosubstituted furans and simple maleimides and have not extensively evaluated the potential thermal variability inherent in the process that is achievable through simple substrate modification. A small library of cycloadducts suitable for the above applications was prepared, and the temperature dependence of the retro-Diels-Alder processes was determined through in situ 1H NMR analyses complemented by computational calculations. The practical range of the reported systems ranges from 40 to >110 °C. The cycloreversion reactions are more complex than would be expected based on simple trends expected based on frontier molecular orbital analyses of the materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Maryamdokht Taimoory
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - S Iraj Sadraei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Rose Anne Fayoumi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Sarah Nasri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Matthew Revington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - John F Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada.,Canadian Centre for Alternatives to Animal Methods , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zang W, Wei Y, Shi M. Gold(i) catalyzed cascade cyclization: intramolecular two-fold nucleophilic addition to vinylidenecyclopropanes (VDCPs). Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00722a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A gold catalyzed cascade cyclization of vinylidenecyclopropanes to give spiro[cyclopenta[a]naphthalene-1,1′-cyclopropanes] in moderate to good yields upon gold catalysis through a two-fold intramolecular nucleophilic addition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Su B, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Ring Expansion, Photoisomerization, and Retrocyclization of 1,4,2-Diazaboroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14572-14576. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Su
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Su B, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Ring Expansion, Photoisomerization, and Retrocyclization of 1,4,2-Diazaboroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Su
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Kotha S, Cheekatla SR. A New Synthetic Approach toC2-Symmetric Octacyclic Cage Diol via Claisen Rearrangement and Ring-Closing Metathesis as Key Steps. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay; Mumbai-Powai 400076 India
| | - Subba Rao Cheekatla
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay; Mumbai-Powai 400076 India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay; Powai 400076 Mumbai India
| | | | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay; Powai 400076 Mumbai India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Macromolecular metamorphosis via stimulus-induced transformations of polymer architecture. Nat Chem 2017; 9:817-823. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
41
|
A Comprehensive Depiction of the Furan-Maleimide Coupling via Kinetic and Thermodynamic Investigations of the Diels-Alder Reaction of Poly(styrene-co
-2-vinylfuran) with Maleimides. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201602071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
42
|
Kotha S, Gunta R. Bridgehead vicinal diallylation of norbornene derivatives and extension to propellane derivatives via ring-closing metathesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1877-1883. [PMID: 27829894 PMCID: PMC5082723 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a simple synthetic strategy to the bridgehead vicinal diallylation of norbornene derivatives. These substrates are useful to generate propellanes via ring-closing metathesis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of four compounds led to the realization of configurational correction of earlier reported molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Rama Gunta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kotha S, Ravikumar O, Sreevani G. Design and synthesis of oxacycles from norbornene derivatives via ring-opening metathesis and ring-rearrangement metathesis. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
44
|
Kotha S, Ravikumar O. Ring-Rearrangement-Metathesis Approach to Polycycles: Substrate-Controlled Stereochemical Outcome During Grignard Addition. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay; Powai India
| | - Ongolu Ravikumar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay; Powai India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kotha S, Gunta R. A new synthetic strategy to 2,3-diallyl-1,4-quinones via one-pot double Claisen rearrangement and retro Diels–Alder reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
46
|
Fekete B, Palkó M, Mándity I, Haukka M, Fülöp F. A Domino Ring-Closure Followed by Retro-Diels-Alder Reaction for the Preparation of Pyrimido[2,1-a]isoindole Enantiomers. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Fekete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös utca 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös utca 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - István Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös utca 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry; University of Jyväskylä; 40014 Turku Finland
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös utca 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Eötvös utca 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kotha S, Gunta R. Design and synthesis of propellane derivatives and oxa-bowls via ring-rearrangement metathesis as a key step. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1727-31. [PMID: 26664592 PMCID: PMC4660881 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Various intricate propellane derivatives and oxa-bowls have been synthesized via a ring-rearrangement metathesis (RRM) as a key step starting from readily accessible starting materials such as p-benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-anthraquinone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Rama Gunta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wu D, Ganguly R, Li Y, Hoo SN, Hirao H, Kinjo R. Reversible [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 1,3,2,5-diazadiborinine with ethylene. Chem Sci 2015; 6:7150-7155. [PMID: 29861951 PMCID: PMC5952552 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Under ambient conditions, a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 1,3,2,5-diazadiborinine 1 with ethylene afforded a bicyclo[2.2.2] derivative 2, which was structurally characterized.
Under ambient conditions, a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 1,3,2,5-diazadiborinine 1 with ethylene afforded a bicyclo[2.2.2] derivative 2, which was structurally characterized. The cyclization process was found to be reversible, and thus retro-[4 + 2] cycloaddition reproduced 1 quantitatively, concomitant with the release of ethylene. Compound 1 reacted regio-selectively and stereo-selectively with styrene derivatives and norbornene, respectively, and these processes were found to be reversible too. Computational studies determined the reaction pathways which were consistent with the regio-selectivity observed in the reaction of styrene, and the reaction was suggested to be essentially concerted but highly asynchronous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore . ;
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Sin Ni Hoo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore . ;
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore . ;
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore . ;
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kotha S, Ravikumar O. Design and synthesis of fused polycycles via Diels-Alder reaction and ring-rearrangement metathesis as key steps. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1259-64. [PMID: 26425184 PMCID: PMC4578369 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atom efficient processes such as the Diels–Alder reaction (DA) and the ring-rearrangement metathesis (RRM) have been used to design new polycycles. In this regard, ruthenium alkylidene catalysts are effective in realizing the RRM of bis-norbornene derivatives prepared by DA reaction and Grignard addition. Here, fused polycycles are assembled which are difficult to produce by conventional synthetic routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Ongolu Ravikumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Albuquerque HMT, Santos CMM, Cavaleiro JAS, Silva AMS. (E)-2-(4-Arylbut-1-en-3-yn-1-yl)chromones as Synthons for the Synthesis of Xanthone-1,2,3-triazole Dyads. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|