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Current Challenges and Perspectives for the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass to High-Value Products. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an excellent alternative of fossil source because it is low-cost, plentiful and environmentally friendly, and it can be transformed into biogas, bio-oil and biochar through pyrolysis; thereby, the three types of pyrolytic products can be upgraded or improved to satisfy the standard of biofuel, chemicals and energy materials for industries. The bio-oil derived from direct pyrolysis shows some disadvantages: high contents of oxygenates, water and acids, easy-aging and so forth, which restrict the large-scale application and commercialization of bio-oil. Catalytic pyrolysis favors the refinement of bio-oil through deoxygenation, cracking, decarboxylation, decarbonylation reactions and so on, which could occur on the specified reaction sites. Therefore, the catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a promising approach for the production of high quality and renewable biofuels. This review gives information about the factors which might determine the catalytic pyrolysis output, including the properties of biomass, operational parameters of catalytic pyrolysis and different types of pyrolysis equipment. Catalysts used in recent research studies aiming to explore the catalytic pyrolysis conversion of biomass to high quality bio-oil or chemicals are discussed, and the current challenges and future perspectives for biomass catalytic pyrolysis are highlighted for further comprehension.
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A Mini Review on Pyrolysis of Natural Algae for Bio-Fuel and Chemicals. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The disposal and use of natural algae have recently been the subject of great interest, due to increasing concern for environmental protection and resource utilization. In this paper, a mini review of recent research on the pyrolysis of natural algae, especially the algae from water blooms, is presented. The chemical compositions of the natural algae are summarized, and the pyrolysis properties of different compositions are reviewed. Non-catalytic, catalytic, and integrated catalytic processes are reviewed. Different ideas and methods for the production of bio-fuel or chemicals are discussed. Apparently, deoxygenation and denitrogenation are highly necessary for algae-based bio-fuel and catalysts play an important role in these processes. In addition, the integrated catalytic process, which involves catalysis and other operation conditions aside from the thermal treatment under inert atmosphere, shows potential for the valorization of algae-based bio-oil. Based on the recent concept and progress, the research gaps are discussed, followed by the challenges and proposals to achieve high-value utilization of the natural algae.
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Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Algae and Upgrading of Algal Oil for the Production of High-Grade Liquid Fuel: A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuel has drawn growing attention towards the utilization of renewable biomass for sustainable energy production. Technologies for the production of algae derived biofuel has attracted wide attention in recent years. Direct thermochemical conversion of algae obtained biocrude oil with poor fuel quality due to the complex composition of algae. Thus, catalysts are required in such process to remove the heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. This article reviews the recent advances in catalytic systems for the direct catalytic conversion of algae, as well as catalytic upgrading of algae-derived oil or biocrude into liquid fuels with high quality. Heterogeneous catalysts with high activity in deoxygenation and denitrogenation are preferable for the conversion of algae oil to high-grade liquid fuel. The paper summarized the influence of reaction parameters and reaction routes for the catalytic conversion process of algae from critical literature. The development of new catalysts, conversion conditions, and efficiency indicators (yields and selectivity) from different literature are presented and compared. The future prospect and challenges in general utilization of algae are also proposed.
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Wang YS, Tong ZH, Wang LF, Sheng GP, Yu HQ. Effective flocculation of Microcystis aeruginosa with simultaneous nutrient precipitation from hydrolyzed human urine. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:472-478. [PMID: 29156332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical harvest of massive harmful algal blooms is an effective measure for bloom mitigation. Yet subsequent processing of the resulting water from algae water separation after the harvesting becomes a new problem since individual algal cells or small algal aggregates are still present in the water. Here, we proposed a novel approach for effectively flocculating the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa with a removal efficiency of 97% in 6 h using hydrolyzed urine. Nitrogen and phosphorus were simultaneously reclaimed through struvite formation. The addition of Mg2+ promoted the flocculation efficiency and nutrient removal as well as the yield of struvite. Ca2+ could enhance the flocculation efficiency by forming calcium phosphate. During the flocculation process, no significant damage in algal cells was observed. This study provides a novel and sustainable potential for subsequent processing of the resulting water after algae water separation with simultaneous nutrient precipitation and reducing nutrient loads to wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Tong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Long-Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Zhang R, Li L, Tong D, Hu C. Microwave-enhanced pyrolysis of natural algae from water blooms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 212:311-317. [PMID: 27128164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-enhanced pyrolysis (MEP) of natural algae under different reaction conditions was carried out. The optimal conditions for bio-oil production were the following: algae particle size of 20-5 mesh, microwave power of 600W, and 10% of activated carbon as microwave absorber and catalyst. The maximum liquid yield obtained under N2, 10% H2/Ar, and CO2 atmosphere was 49.1%, 51.7%, and 54.3% respectively. The energy yield of bio-products was 216.7%, 236.9% and 208.7% respectively. More long chain fatty acids were converted into hydrocarbons by hydrodeoxygenation under 10% H2/Ar atmosphere assisted by microwave over activated carbon containing small amounts of metals. Under CO2 atmosphere, carboxylic acids (66.6%) were the main products in bio-oil because the existence of CO2 vastly inhibited the decarboxylation. The MEP of algae was quick and efficient for bio-oil production, which provided a way to not only ameliorate the environment but also obtain fuel or chemicals at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Linling Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Dongmei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China.
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Ding R, Wu Y, Chen Y, Chen H, Wang J, Shi Y, Yang M. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of palmitic acid over a bifunctional Co-doped MoO2/CNTs catalyst: an insight into the promoting effect of cobalt. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01575h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
HDO of palmitic acid into C16 hydrocarbons was successfully achieved over Co doped MoO2/CNTs catalysts at a much lower temperature. Co could promote the formation of Lewis acidic sites, oxygen vacancies and Mo2C particles, which are all decisive factors for better catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Ding
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- PR China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Biofuels
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- PR China
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- PR China
| | - Mingde Yang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- PR China
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Aysu T, Sanna A. Nannochloropsis algae pyrolysis with ceria-based catalysts for production of high-quality bio-oils. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 194:108-116. [PMID: 26188553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of Nannochloropsis was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor with newly prepared ceria based catalysts. The effects of pyrolysis parameters such as temperature and catalysts on product yields were investigated. The amount of bio-char, bio-oil and gas products, as well as the compositions of the resulting bio-oils was determined. The results showed that both temperature and catalyst had significant effects on conversion of Nannochloropsis into solid, liquid and gas products. The highest bio-oil yield (23.28 wt%) and deoxygenation effect was obtained in the presence of Ni-Ce/Al2O3 as catalyst at 500°C. Ni-Ce/Al2O3 was able to retain 59% of the alga starting energy in the bio-oil, compared to only 41% in absence of catalyst. Lower content of acids and oxygen in the bio-oil, higher aliphatics (62%), combined with HHV show promise for production of high-quality bio-oil from Nannochloropsis via Ni-Ce/Al2O3 catalytic pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tevfik Aysu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, Turkey; Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aimaro Sanna
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS Edinburgh, UK
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Sarsekeyeva F, Zayadan BK, Usserbaeva A, Bedbenov VS, Sinetova MA, Los DA. Cyanofuels: biofuels from cyanobacteria. Reality and perspectives. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:329-40. [PMID: 25702086 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are represented by a diverse group of microorganisms that, by virtue of being a part of marine and freshwater phytoplankton, significantly contribute to the fixation of atmospheric carbon via photosynthesis. It is assumed that ancient cyanobacteria participated in the formation of earth's oil deposits. Biomass of modern cyanobacteria may be converted into bio-oil by pyrolysis. Modern cyanobacteria grow fast; they do not compete for agricultural lands and resources; they efficiently convert excessive amounts of CO2 into biomass, thus participating in both carbon fixation and organic chemical production. Many cyanobacterial species are easier to genetically manipulate than eukaryotic algae and other photosynthetic organisms. Thus, the cyanobacterial photosynthesis may be directed to produce carbohydrates, fatty acids, or alcohols as renewable sources of biofuels. Here we review the recent achievements in the developments and production of cyanofuels-biofuels produced from cyanobacterial biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariza Sarsekeyeva
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia
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Cochran E, Muller G, Meloni G. Stability and bonding of new superalkali phosphide species. Dalton Trans 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02277k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New superalkali phosphide species (F2Li3P, F2Li3P2, and F4Li6P) are investigated using CBS-QB3 composite method and intriguing structural features are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giel Muller
- Department of Chemistry
- University of San Francisco
- San Francisco
- USA
| | - Giovanni Meloni
- Department of Chemistry
- University of San Francisco
- San Francisco
- USA
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Chen Y, Wu Y, Hua D, Li C, Harold MP, Wang J, Yang M. Thermochemical conversion of low-lipid microalgae for the production of liquid fuels: challenges and opportunities. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13359e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This critical review provides an investigation elaborated by recent references on conversion of low-lipid microalgae into bio-oil via pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction, and the catalytic upgrading of algal-derived bio-oil was examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Biofuels
| | - Derun Hua
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Life Science
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Michael P. Harold
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Mingde Yang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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Sanna A, Abd Rahman NA. Conversion of Microalgae Bio-oil into Bio-diesel. ALGAL BIOREFINERIES 2015:493-510. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20200-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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13
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Wei R, Zhu Q, Han F, Guan Q, Li W. Comparison of four different synthetic routes of Ni2P/TiO2–Al2O3 catalysts for hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01899d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly active Ni2P/TiO2–Al2O3 catalyst was simply synthesized at a much lower temperature (573 K) than previously reported methods (973 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchao Wei
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - Fei Han
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - Qingxin Guan
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
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Yang S, Guo W, Chen Y, Zhou X, Zheng H, Feng X, Yin R, Ren N. Simultaneous nutrient removal and reduction in sludge from sewage waste using an alternating anaerobic–anoxic–microaerobic–aerobic system combining ozone/ultrasound technology. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05762g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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