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Galinato MGI, Wyant C, Lombardo AL, MacIsaac EK, Rios-Martinez DA, Kimrey CD, Castro AA. Generating globin-like reactivities in [human serum albumin-Fe II(heme)] complex through N-donor ligand addition. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 262:112743. [PMID: 39357192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) has a strong binding affinity for heme b, forming a complex in a 1:1 ratio with the co-factor ([HSA-FeIIIheme]). This system displays spectroscopic and functional properties comparable to globins when chemical derivatives mimicking them are incorporated into the protein matrix. The aim of this study is to generate globin-like systems using [HSA-FeIIIheme] as a protein template and binding N-donor ligands (imidazole, Im; and 1-methylimidazole, 1-MeIm) to construct artificial [HSA-Fe(heme)-(N-donor)] complexes. Their electronic structure and binding thermodynamics are investigated using UV-vis and (synchronous) fluorescence spectroscopies, while ligand-protein interactions are visualized using docking simulations. The imidazole derivatives have a strong affinity for [HSA-FeIIIheme] (K ∼ 104-106), where the spontaneous binding of Im and 1-MeIm are dominated by entropic and enthalpic effects, respectively. The reduced form of the [HSA-Fe(heme)-(N-donor)] complexes demonstrate nitrite reductase (NiR) activity similar to that observed in globins, but with significant differences in their rates. [HSA-FeIIheme-(1-MeIm)] reduces nitrite ∼4× faster than the Im analogue, and ∼ 30× faster than myoglobin (Mb). The enhanced NiR activity of [HSA-FeIIheme-(1-MeIm)] is a cumulative effect of several factors including a slightly expanded and more optimal heme binding pocket, nearby residues as possible proton sources, and a H-bonding interaction between 1-MeIm and residues Arg160 and Lys181 that may have a long-distance influence on the heme π electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Grace I Galinato
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Jacksonville University, 2800 University Blvd N, Jacksonville, FL 32211, United States; School of Science - Chemistry, Penn State Behrend, 4205 College Dr., Erie, PA 16563, United States.
| | - Christopher Wyant
- School of Science - Chemistry, Penn State Behrend, 4205 College Dr., Erie, PA 16563, United States
| | - Ashley L Lombardo
- School of Science - Chemistry, Penn State Behrend, 4205 College Dr., Erie, PA 16563, United States
| | - Ethan K MacIsaac
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Jacksonville University, 2800 University Blvd N, Jacksonville, FL 32211, United States
| | - Daniella A Rios-Martinez
- School of Science - Chemistry, Penn State Behrend, 4205 College Dr., Erie, PA 16563, United States
| | - Christopher D Kimrey
- School of Science - Chemistry, Penn State Behrend, 4205 College Dr., Erie, PA 16563, United States
| | - Alexandra Alfonso Castro
- School of Science - Chemistry, Penn State Behrend, 4205 College Dr., Erie, PA 16563, United States
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Lin YW. Functional metalloenzymes based on myoglobin and neuroglobin that exploit covalent interactions. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112595. [PMID: 38759262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Globins, such as myoglobin (Mb) and neuroglobin (Ngb), are ideal protein scaffolds for the design of functional metalloenzymes. To date, numerous approaches have been developed for enzyme design. This review presents a summary of the progress made in the design of functional metalloenzymes based on Mb and Ngb, with a focus on the exploitation of covalent interactions, including coordination bonds and covalent modifications. These include the construction of a metal-binding site, the incorporation of a non-native metal cofactor, the formation of Cys/Tyr-heme covalent links, and the design of disulfide bonds, as well as other Cys-covalent modifications. As exemplified by recent studies from our group and others, the designed metalloenzymes have potential applications in biocatalysis and bioconversions. Furthermore, we discuss the current trends in the design of functional metalloenzymes and highlight the importance of covalent interactions in the design of functional metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Rational Design of an Artificial Nuclease by Engineering a Hetero-Dinuclear Center of Mg-Heme in Myoglobin. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cheng HM, Yuan H, Wang XJ, Xu JK, Gao SQ, Wen GB, Tan X, Lin YW. Formation of Cys-heme cross-link in K42C myoglobin under reductive conditions with molecular oxygen. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 182:141-149. [PMID: 29477977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The structure and function of heme proteins are regulated by diverse post-translational modifications including heme-protein cross-links, with the underlying mechanisms not well understood. In this study, we introduced a Cys (K42C) close to the heme 4-vinyl group in sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) and solved its X-ray crystal structure. Interestingly, we found that K42C Mb can partially form a Cys-heme cross-link (termed K42C Mb-X) under dithiothreitol-induced reductive conditions in presence of O2, as suggested by guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding and heme extraction studies. Mass spectrometry (MS) studies, together with trypsin digestion studies, further indicated that a thioether bond is formed between Cys42 and the heme 4-vinyl group with an additional mass of 16 Da, likely due to hydroxylation of the α‑carbon. We then proposed a plausible mechanism for the formation of the novel Cys-heme cross-link based on MS, kinetic UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. Moreover, the Cys-heme cross-link was shown to fine-tune the protein reactivity toward activation of H2O2. This study provides valuable insights into the post-translational modification of heme proteins, and also suggests that the Cys-heme cross-link can be induced to form in vitro, making it useful for design of new heme proteins with a non-dissociable heme and improved functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology for Protein Research & Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jia-Kun Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shu-Qin Gao
- Lab of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ge-Bo Wen
- Lab of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiangshi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology for Protein Research & Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Lab of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Wu LB, Du KJ, Nie CM, Gao SQ, Wen GB, Tan X, Lin YW. Peroxidase activity enhancement of myoglobin by two cooperative distal histidines and a channel to the heme pocket. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Liao F, Yuan H, Du KJ, You Y, Gao SQ, Wen GB, Lin YW, Tan X. Distinct roles of a tyrosine-associated hydrogen-bond network in fine-tuning the structure and function of heme proteins: two cases designed for myoglobin. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:3139-45. [PMID: 27476534 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00537c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hydrogen-bond (H-bond) network, specifically a Tyr-associated H-bond network, plays key roles in regulating the structure and function of proteins, as exemplified by abundant heme proteins in nature. To explore an approach for fine-tuning the structure and function of artificial heme proteins, we herein used myoglobin (Mb) as a model protein and introduced a Tyr residue in the secondary sphere of the heme active site at two different positions (107 and 138). We performed X-ray crystallography, UV-Vis spectroscopy, stopped-flow kinetics, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies for the two single mutants, I107Y Mb and F138Y Mb, and compared to that of wild-type Mb under the same conditions. The results showed that both Tyr107 and Tyr138 form a distinct H-bond network involving water molecules and neighboring residues, which fine-tunes ligand binding to the heme iron and enhances the protein stability, respectively. Moreover, the Tyr107-associated H-bond network was shown to fine-tune both H2O2 binding and activation. With two cases demonstrated for Mb, this study suggests that the Tyr-associated H-bond network has distinct roles in regulating the protein structure, properties and functions, depending on its location in the protein scaffold. Therefore, it is possible to design a Tyr-associated H-bond network in general to create other artificial heme proteins with improved properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Yan DJ, Yuan H, Li W, Xiang Y, He B, Nie CM, Wen GB, Lin YW, Tan X. How a novel tyrosine-heme cross-link fine-tunes the structure and functions of heme proteins: a direct comparitive study of L29H/F43Y myoglobin. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:18815-22. [PMID: 26458300 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03040d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A heme-protein cross-link is a key post-translational modification (PTM) of heme proteins. Meanwhile, the structural and functional consequences of heme-protein cross-links are not fully understood, due to limited studies on a direct comparison of the same protein with and without the cross-link. A Tyr-heme cross-link with a C-O bond is a newly discovered PTM of heme proteins, and is spontaneously formed in F43Y myoglobin (Mb) between the Tyr hydroxyl group and the heme 4-vinyl group in vivo. In this study, we found that with an additional distal His29 introduced in the heme pocket, the double mutant L29H/F43Y Mb can form two distinct forms under different protein purification conditions, with and without a novel Tyr-heme cross-link. By solving the X-ray structures of both forms of L29H/F43Y Mb and performing spectroscopic studies, we made a direct structural and functional comparison in the same protein scaffold. It revealed that the Tyr-heme cross-link regulates the heme distal hydrogen-bonding network, and fine-tunes not only the spectroscopic and ligand binding properties, but also the protein reactivity. Moreover, the formation of the Tyr-heme cross-link in the double mutant L29H/F43Y Mb was investigated in vitro. This study addressed the key issue of how Tyr-heme cross-link fine-tunes the structure and functions of the heme protein, and provided a plausible mechanism for the formation of the newly discovered Tyr-heme cross-link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Jing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry/Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology for Protein Research & Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry/Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology for Protein Research & Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Chang-Ming Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Ge-Bo Wen
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China. and Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiangshi Tan
- Department of Chemistry/Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology for Protein Research & Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Wu LB, Yuan H, Gao SQ, You Y, Nie CM, Wen GB, Lin YW, Tan X. Regulating the nitrite reductase activity of myoglobin by redesigning the heme active center. Nitric Oxide 2016; 57:21-29. [PMID: 27108710 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Heme proteins perform diverse functions in living systems, of which nitrite reductase (NIR) activity receives much attention recently. In this study, to better understand the structural elements responsible for the NIR activity, we used myoglobin (Mb) as a model heme protein and redesigned the heme active center, by introducing one or two distal histidines, and by creating a channel to the heme center with removal of the native distal His64 gate (His to Ala mutation). UV-Vis kinetic studies, combined with EPR studies, showed that a single distal histidine with a suitable position to the heme iron, i.e., His43, is crucial for nitrite (NO2(-)) to nitric oxide (NO) reduction. Moreover, creation of a water channel to the heme center significantly enhanced the NIR activity compared to the corresponding mutant without the channel. In addition, X-ray crystallographic studies of F43H/H64A Mb and its complexes with NO2(-) or NO revealed a unique hydrogen-bonding network in the heme active center, as well as unique substrate and product binding models, providing valuable structural information for the enhanced NIR activity. These findings enriched our understanding of the structure and NIR activity relationship of heme proteins. The approach of creating a channel in this study is also useful for rational design of other functional heme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Bin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shu-Qin Gao
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yong You
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chang-Ming Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ge-Bo Wen
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Xiangshi Tan
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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10
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Zhao Y, Du KJ, Gao SQ, He B, Wen GB, Tan X, Lin YW. Distinct mechanisms for DNA cleavage by myoglobin with a designed heme active center. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 156:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Hydrogen-bonding network in heme active site regulates the hydrolysis activity of myoglobin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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You Y, Liu F, Du KJ, Wen GB, Lin YW. Structural and functional alterations of myoglobin by glucose-protein interactions. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2358. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Pan J, Xu Q, Lin YW, Zhong F, Tan X. Human soluble guanylate cyclase as a nitric oxide sensor for NO-signalling reveals a novel function of nitrite reductase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:7454-6. [PMID: 23864033 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43321h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human soluble guanylate cyclase (hsGC), a NO sensor/NO receptor of a heterodimeric hemoprotein, plays a critical role in the NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway, and also reveals a novel nitrite reductase activity. This indicates that hsGC could activate itself by catalytic reduction of nitrite to NO instead of receiving NO from nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which provides valuable insight into the physiological function of the homodimeric hsGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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14
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Sun MH, Liu SQ, Du KJ, Nie CM, Lin YW. A spectroscopic study of uranyl-cytochrome b5/cytochrome c interactions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 118:130-137. [PMID: 24051281 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Uranium is harmful to human health due to its radiation damage and the ability of uranyl ion (UO2(2+)) to interact with various proteins and disturb their biological functions. Cytochrome b5 (cyt b5) is a highly negatively charged heme protein and plays a key role in mediating cytochrome c (cyt c) signaling in apoptosis by forming a dynamic cyt b5-cyt c complex. In previous molecular modeling study in combination with UV-Vis studies, we found that UO2(2+) is capable of binding to cyt b5 at surface residues, Glu37 and Glu43. In this study, we further investigated the structural consequences of cyt b5 and cyt c, as well as cyt b5-cyt c complex, upon uranyl binding, by fluorescence spectroscopic and circular dichroism techniques. Moreover, we proposed a uranyl binding site for cyt c at surface residues, Glu66 and Glu69, by performing a molecular modeling study. It was shown that uranyl binds to cyt b5 (KD=10 μM), cyt c (KD=87 μM), and cyt b5-cyt c complex (KD=30 μM) with a different affinity, which slightly alters the protein conformation and disturbs the interaction of cyt b5-cyt c complex. Additionally, we investigated the functional consequences of uranyl binding to the protein surface, which decreases the inherent peroxidase activity of cyt c. The information of uranyl-cyt b5/cyt c interactions gained in this study likely provides a clue for the mechanism of uranyl toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hui Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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15
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Lin Y, Wang J, Lu Y. Functional tuning and expanding of myoglobin by rational protein design. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dong SS, Du KJ, You Y, Liu F, Wen GB, Lin YW. Peroxidase-like activity of L29H myoglobin with two cooperative distal histidines on electrode using O2 as an oxidant. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Lin YW, Wang J. Structure and function of heme proteins in non-native states: a mini-review. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 129:162-71. [PMID: 23916118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heme proteins perform various biological functions ranging from electron transfer, oxygen binding and transport, catalysis, to signaling. Although adopting proper native states is very important for these functions, progresses in representative heme proteins, including cytochrome c (cyt c), cytochrome b5 (cyt b5), myoglobin (Mb), neuroglobin (Ngb), cytochrome P450 (CYP) and heme-based sensor proteins such as CO sensor CooA, showed that various native functions, or new functions evolved, are also closely associated with non-native states. The structure and function relationship of heme proteins in non-native states is thus as important as that in native states for elucidating the precise roles of heme proteins in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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