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Gülyüz S, Sessevmez M, Ukuser G, Khalily MP, Tiryaki S, Sipahioglu T, Birgül K, Ömeroğlu İ, Özçubukçu S, Telci D, Küçükgüzel ŞG, Durmuş M, Cevher E, Yılmaz Ö. A Novel PEtOx-Based Nanogel Targeting Prostate Cancer Cells for Drug Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300324. [PMID: 37827519 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on creating a specialized nanogel for targeted drug delivery in cancer treatment, specifically targeting prostate cancer. This nanogel (referred to as SGK 636/Peptide 563/PEtOx nanogel) is created using hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) through a combination of living/cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) and alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" chemical reactions. A fluorescent probe (BODIPY) is also conjugated with the nanogel to monitor drug delivery. The characterizations through 1 H-NMR, and FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and DLS confirm the successful production of uniform, and spherical nanogels with controllable sizes (100 to 296 nm) and stability in physiological conditions. The biocompatibility of nanogels is evaluated using MTT cytotoxicity assays, revealing dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Drug-loaded nanogels exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro compared to drug-free nanogels. Targeting efficiency is examined using both peptide-conjugated and peptide-free nanogels, with the intracellular uptake of peptide 563-conjugated nanogels by tumor cells being 60-fold higher than that of nanogels without the peptide. The findings suggest that the prepared nanogel holds great potential for various drug delivery applications due to its ease of synthesis, tunable functionality, non-toxicity, and enhanced intracellular uptake in the tumor region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Gülyüz
- Material Technologies, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey
| | - Melike Sessevmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34116, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Ukuser
- Material Technologies, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey
| | - Melek Parlak Khalily
- Department of Basic Science and Health, Cannabis Research Institute, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, 66100, Turkey
| | - Selen Tiryaki
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Tarik Sipahioglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Kaan Birgül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Bahçeşehir University, Beşiktaş, Istanbul, 34353, Turkey
| | - İpek Ömeroğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Salih Özçubukçu
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Dilek Telci
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ş Güniz Küçükgüzel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Fenerbahçe University, Ataşehir, Istanbul, 34758, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34116, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yılmaz
- Material Technologies, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey
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2
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Rodchenko S, Kurlykin M, Tenkovtsev A, Milenin S, Sokolova M, Yakimansky A, Filippov A. Amphiphilic Molecular Brushes with Regular Polydimethylsiloxane Backbone and Poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline Side Chains. 3. Influence of Grafting Density on Behavior in Organic and Aqueous Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:5118. [PMID: 36501510 PMCID: PMC9740392 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular and irregular molecular brushes with polydimethylsiloxane backbone and poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline side chains have been synthesized. Prepared samples differed strongly in the side chain grafting density, namely, in the ratio of the lengths of spacer between the grafting points and the side chains. The hydrodynamic properties and molecular conformation of the synthesized grafted copolymers and their behavior in aqueous solutions on heating were studied by the methods of molecular hydrodynamics and optics. It was found that the regularity and the grafting density do not affect the molecular shape of the studied samples of molecular brushes in the selective solvent. On the contrary, the grafting density is one of the most important factors determining the thermoresponsivity of grafted copolymers. It was shown that in analyzing self-organization and LCST values in aqueous solutions of poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazolines with complex architecture, many factors should be considered. First is the molar fraction of the hydrophobic fragment and the intramolecular density. It was found that molar mass is not a factor that greatly affects the phase transition temperature of poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazolines solutions at a passage from one molecular architecture to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafim Rodchenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr., 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kurlykin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr., 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Tenkovtsev
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr., 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Milenin
- Research Laboratory of New Silicone Materials and Technologies, Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Lenin Avenue, 125, 300026 Tula, Russia
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya, 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Sokolova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr., 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Yakimansky
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr., 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Filippov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr., 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Pan X, Ishaq MW, Ali MW, Yang J, Li L, Chen Y. Unraveling the conformational properties of comb-like Poly(propargyl acrylate)-graft-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) chains in dilute solutions. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Linear and star-shaped poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazine)s. Synthesis, characterization and conformation in solution. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Amphiphilic molecular brushes with regular polydimethylsiloxane backbone and poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline side chains. 1. Synthesis, characterization and conformation in solution. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kirila T, Smirnova A, Razina A, Tenkovtsev A, Filippov A. Synthesis and Conformational Characteristics of Thermosensitive Star-Shaped Six-Arm Polypeptoids. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040800. [PMID: 32260090 PMCID: PMC7240544 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Star-shaped six-arm poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazine and poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline with hexaaza [26]orthoparacyclophane derivative core were synthesized successfully using cationic ring-opening polymerization. Conformational behavior of prepared polymer stars were investigated by the methods of molecular hydrodynamics and optics in molecular dispersed solutions. It was shown that conformation characteristics of star-shaped polypeptoids depends on arm length, while the chemical structure weakly affects the behavior of the studied polymers in solutions. This behavior is caused by the close equilibrium rigidity of arms. The star-shaped polypeptoids have relatively high intramolecular density. All synthesized stars exhibit LCST behavior. Phase separation temperature depends on arm structure. It is lower for poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazines, monomer units of which contains one methylene group more than monomers of poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline.
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Zhang M, Hao N, Gao Y, Li L, Ye X. Characterization of mixed solutions of hyperbranched and linear polystyrenes by a combination of size‐exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Nairong Hao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Yating Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
- Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
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Ali MW, Cheng S, Si J, Siddiq M, Ye X. Synthesis and characterization of degradable hyperbranched poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas Ali
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Jianhao Si
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Muhammad Siddiq
- Department of ChemistryQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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Lobaz V, Konefał R, Pánek J, Vlk M, Kozempel J, Petřík M, Novy Z, Gurská S, Znojek P, Štěpánek P, Hrubý M. In Situ In Vivo radiolabeling of polymer-coated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to track their biodistribution in mice. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:143-152. [PMID: 30954015 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The imaging of healthy tissues and solid tumors benefits from the application of nanoparticle probes with altered pharmacokinetics, not available to low molecular weight compounds. However, the distribution and accumulation of nanoprobes in vivo typically take at least tens of hours to be efficient. For nanoprobes bearing a radioactive label, this is contradictory to the requirement of minimizing the radiation dose for patients by using as-short-as-feasible half-life radionuclides in diagnostics. Thus, we developed a two-stage diagnostic concept for monitoring long-lasting targeting effects with short-lived radioactive labels using bone-mimicking biocompatible polymer-coated and colloidally fully stabilized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs) and bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Within the pretargeting stage, the nonlabeled nanoparticles are allowed to circulate in the blood. Afterward, 99mTc-1-hydroxyethylidene-1.1-diphosphonate (99mTc-HEDP) is administered intravenously for in situ labeling of the nanoparticles and subsequent single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) visualization. The HAP NPs, stabilized with tailored hydrophilic polymers, are not cytotoxic in vitro, as shown by several cell lines. The polymer coating prolongs the circulation of HAP NPs in the blood. The nanoparticles were successfully labeled in vivo with 99mTc-HEDP, 1 and 24 h after injection, and they were visualized by SPECT/CT over time in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Lobaz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, Heyrovsky Sq. 1888/2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, Heyrovsky Sq. 1888/2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, Heyrovsky Sq. 1888/2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vlk
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Břehová 7, 115 19, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Kozempel
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Břehová 7, 115 19, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Petřík
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Novy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pawel Znojek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, Heyrovsky Sq. 1888/2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, Heyrovsky Sq. 1888/2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Konefał R, Spěváček J, Černoch P. Thermoresponsive poly(2-oxazoline) homopolymers and copolymers in aqueous solutions studied by NMR spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Grube M, Leiske MN, Schubert US, Nischang I. POx as an Alternative to PEG? A Hydrodynamic and Light Scattering Study. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Grube
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Meike N. Leiske
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Gubarev AS, Monnery BD, Lezov AA, Sedlacek O, Tsvetkov NV, Hoogenboom R, Filippov SK. Conformational properties of biocompatible poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)s in phosphate buffered saline. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00255j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Kuhn segment length of PEtOx as a flexible macromolecule under physiological conditions is undoubtedly decreasing when approaching the LCST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Gubarev
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physics of Polymers
- St. Petersburg State University
- 199034 St. Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Bryn D. Monnery
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Alexey A. Lezov
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physics of Polymers
- St. Petersburg State University
- 199034 St. Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Nikolai V. Tsvetkov
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physics of Polymers
- St. Petersburg State University
- 199034 St. Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Sergey K. Filippov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- v. v. i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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Magarkar A, Róg T, Bunker A. A computational study suggests that replacing PEG with PMOZ may increase exposure of hydrophobic targeting moiety. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 103:128-135. [PMID: 28285174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we showed that the cause of failure of a new, proposed, targeting ligand, the AETP moiety, when attached to a PEGylated liposome, was occlusion by the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) layer due to its hydrophobic nature, given that PEG is not entirely hydrophilic. At the time we proposed that possible replacement with a more hydrophilic protective polymer could alleviate this problem. In this study we have used computational molecular dynamics modelling, using a model with all atom resolution, to suggest that a specific alternative protective polymer, poly(2-methyloxazoline) (PMOZ), would perform exactly this function. Our results show that when PEG is replaced by PMOZ the relative exposure to the solvent of AETP is increased to a level even greater than that we found in previous simulations for the RGD peptide, a targeting moiety that has previously been used successfully in PEGylated liposome based therapies. While the AETP moiety itself is no longer under consideration, the results of this computational study have broader significance: the use of PMOZ as an alternative polymer coating to PEG could be efficacious in the context of more hydrophobic targeting ligands. In addition to PMOZ we studied another polyoxazoline, poly(2-ethyloxazoline) (PEOZ), that has also been mooted as a possible alternate protective polymer. It was also found that the RDG peptide occlusion was significantly greater for the case of both oxazolines as opposed to PEG and that, unlike PEG, neither oxazoline entered the membrane. As far as we are aware this is the first time that polyoxazolines have been studied using molecular dynamics simulation with all atom resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Magarkar
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of the Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex Bunker
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Viscosity Measurements of Dilute Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Aqueous Solutions Near Theta Temperature Analyzed within the Joint Rouse-Zimm Model. INT J POLYM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/690136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The steady-state shear viscosity of low-concentrated Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX) aqueous solutions is measured near the presumed theta temperature using the falling ball viscometry technique. The experimental data are analyzed within the model that joins the Rouse and Zimm bead-spring theories of the polymer dynamics at the theta condition, which means that the polymer coils are considered to be partially permeable to the solvent. The polymer characteristics thus depend on the draining parameterhthat is related to the strength of the hydrodynamic interaction between the polymer segments. The Huggins coefficient was found to be 0.418 at the temperature 20°C, as predicted by the theory. This value corresponds toh= 2.92, contrary to the usual assumption of the infiniteh. This result indicates that the theta temperature for the PEOX water solutions is 20°C rather than 25°C in the previous studies. The experimental intrinsic viscosity is well described coming from the Arrhenius equation for the shear viscosity.
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Jaksch S, Schulz A, Kyriakos K, Zhang J, Grillo I, Pipich V, Jordan R, Papadakis CM. The collapse and aggregation of thermoresponsive poly(2-oxazoline) gradient copolymers: a time-resolved SANS study. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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