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Ratto A, Honek JF. Oxocarbon Acids and their Derivatives in Biological and Medicinal Chemistry. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1172-1213. [PMID: 36915986 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230313141452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The biological and medicinal chemistry of the oxocarbon acids 2,3- dihydroxycycloprop-2-en-1-one (deltic acid), 3,4-dihydroxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione (squaric acid), 4,5-dihydroxy-4-cyclopentene-1,2,3-trione (croconic acid), 5,6-dihydroxycyclohex- 5-ene-1,2,3,4-tetrone (rhodizonic acid) and their derivatives is reviewed and their key chemical properties and reactions are discussed. Applications of these compounds as potential bioisosteres in biological and medicinal chemistry are examined. Reviewed areas include cell imaging, bioconjugation reactions, antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, enzyme inhibition, and receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ratto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John F Honek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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2
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Altaf AA, Khosropour A, Zadehnazari A, Abbaspourrad A. Lithium Pyrene Squarate Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Lithium and Magnesium Separation from Salt Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19672-19681. [PMID: 37018748 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing pressure for lithium resources from the electric vehicle and nuclear energy industries means that new technologies to separate Mg2+ from Li+ from salt water are in demand. To address this need, we fabricated lithium pyrene squarate covalent organic frameworks (Li-SQCOFs) to separate Mg2+/Li+ mixtures from salt water. We optimized the effect of the electrolyte and the amount of the adsorbent and then carried out a kinetics study on the adsorbent recovery at various pH levels using both batch and continuous flow adsorption methods. Li-SQCOF was found to have excellent selectivity for solutions containing a mixture of Mg2+/Li+ ions. This work represents a unique path for the separation of Mg2+/Li+ through direct adsorption using a covalent organic framework (COF). The COF-supported ultrafiltration bed made in this study gave a Mg2+ separation flux of 60.5 h-1 m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ataf Ali Altaf
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, United States
| | - Ahmadreza Khosropour
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, United States
| | - Amin Zadehnazari
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, United States
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3
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8-Aminoquinoline-containing squaric acid congeners as polarity and viscosity probes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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4
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Squaraine-Based Optical Sensors: Designer Toolbox for Exploring Ionic and Molecular Recognitions. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule-based chromogenic and fluorogenic probes play an indispensable role in many sensing applications. Ideal optical chemosensors should provide selectivity and sensitivity towards a variety of analytes. Synthetic accessibility and attractive photophysical properties have made squaraine dyes an enticing platform for the development of chemosensors. This review highlights the versatility of modular assemblies of squaraine-based chemosensors and chemodosimeters that take advantage of the availability of various structurally and functionally diverse recognition motifs, as well as utilizing additional recognition capabilities due to the unique structural features of the squaraine ring.
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5
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Agnew-Francis KA, Williams CM. Squaramides as Bioisosteres in Contemporary Drug Design. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11616-11650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A. Agnew-Francis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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6
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Ávila-Costa M, Donnici CL, Dos Santos JD, Diniz R, Barros-Barbosa A, Cuin A, de Oliveira LFC. Synthesis, vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray structural characterization of novel NIR emitter squaramides. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 223:117354. [PMID: 31323496 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two new 2-naphthyl squaramides, 3-methoxy -4-(2-naphtalenylamino)-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione (SQ-NPh1) and bis-3,4-(2-naphtalenylamino)-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione (SQ-NPh2) were synthesized via condensation reaction between the dimethylsquarate and 2-naphthylamine. The spectrometric characterization by 13C NMR confirmed the obtaining of the squaramide derivative and nor the squaraine analog. This hypothesis was corroborated by Raman and Infrared spectroscopy since the characteristic vibrational bands related to the oxocarbon portion of both structures have been assigned, such as the ones for SQ-NPh1 and SQ-NPh2. The single-crystal X-ray crystallography for SQ-NPh1 crystal structures have been solved and the structure of SQ-NPh2 have been refined using Powder Diffraction state-of-art. The SQ-NPh1 crystallizes in monoclinic system in P2/c space group. Both squaramides present absorption in the ultra-visible (220-370 nm) and fluorescent emission in the near-infrared (780-800 nm), besides they also presented high thermal stability (around 570 °C). Generally, only squaraines are reported as NIR emitters, this is the first description of NIR emission for squaramides, and since the synthesis of squaramides is very easy and the rational design of small-molecule NIR fluorophores is of high priority and great value, these results are very promising for the development of novel NIR fluorescent dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ávila-Costa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudio L Donnici
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jordana Dias Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Diniz
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barros-Barbosa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Cuin
- Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Cappa de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
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López C, Galmés B, Soberats B, Frontera A, Rotger C, Costa A. Surface Modification of Pseudoboehmite-Coated Aluminum Plates with Squaramic Acid Amphiphiles. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14868-14874. [PMID: 31552326 PMCID: PMC6756518 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of interfaces has become very important for the protection or modification of metal (metal oxides) surfaces. The functionalization of aluminum is particularly interesting because of its relevance in fabricating components for electronic devices. In this work, the utilization of squaramic acids for the functionalization of aluminum substrates is reported for the first time. The physicochemical properties of the interfaces rendered by n-alkyl squaramic acids on aluminum metal substrates coated with pseudoboehmite [Al(O)x(OH)y] layers are characterized by contact angle, grazing-angle Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight. Moreover, we could confirm the squaramic functionalization of the substrates by diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy, which cannot be used for the characterization of UV-vis-inactive substrates such as carboxylates and phosphonates, commonly used for coating metallic surfaces. Remarkably, the results of sorption experiments indicate that long-chain alkyl squaramic acid desorbs from activated-aluminum substrates at a reduced rate compared to palmitic acid, a carboxylic acid frequently used for the functionalization of metal oxide surfaces. Theoretical calculations indicate that the improved anchoring properties of squaramic acids over carboxylates are probably due to the formation of additional hydrogen bonding interactions on the interface. Accordingly, we propose N-alkyl squaramic acids as new moieties for efficient functionalization of metal oxides.
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Squaraine dyes: The hierarchical synthesis and its application in optical detection. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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López C, Ximenis M, Orvay F, Rotger C, Costa A. Supramolecular Hydrogels Based on Minimalist Amphiphilic Squaramide-Squaramates for Controlled Release of Zwitterionic Biomolecules. Chemistry 2017; 23:7590-7594. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López
- Departament de Química, Facultad de Ciències; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Ctra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5 Palma 07122 Spain
| | - Marta Ximenis
- Departament de Química, Facultad de Ciències; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Ctra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5 Palma 07122 Spain
| | - Francisca Orvay
- Departament de Química, Facultad de Ciències; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Ctra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5 Palma 07122 Spain
| | - Carmen Rotger
- Departament de Química, Facultad de Ciències; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Ctra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5 Palma 07122 Spain
| | - Antonio Costa
- Departament de Química, Facultad de Ciències; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Ctra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5 Palma 07122 Spain
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Ximenis M, Bustelo E, Algarra AG, Vega M, Rotger C, Basallote MG, Costa A. Kinetic Analysis and Mechanism of the Hydrolytic Degradation of Squaramides and Squaramic Acids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2160-2170. [PMID: 28107005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolytic degradation of squaramides and squaramic acids, the product of partial hydrolysis of squaramides, has been evaluated by UV spectroscopy at 37 °C in the pH range 3-10. Under these conditions, the compounds are kinetically stable over long time periods (>100 days). At pH >10, the hydrolysis of the squaramate anions shows first-order dependence on both squaramate and OH-. At the same temperature and [OH-], the hydrolysis of squaramides usually displays biphasic spectral changes (A → B → C kinetic model) with formation of squaramates as detectable reaction intermediates. The measured rates for the first step (k1 ≈ 10-4 M-1 s-1) are 2-3 orders of magnitude faster than those for the second step (k2 ≈ 10-6 M-1 s-1). Experiments at different temperatures provide activation parameters with values of ΔH⧧ ≈ 9-18 kcal mol-1 and ΔS⧧ ≈ -5 to -30 cal K-1 mol-1. DFT calculations show that the mechanism for the alkaline hydrolysis of squaramic acids is quite similar to that of amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ximenis
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Emilio Bustelo
- Department of Materials Scientist, Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Cádiz , Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Andrés G Algarra
- Department of Materials Scientist, Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Cádiz , Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Manel Vega
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Carmen Rotger
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Manuel G Basallote
- Department of Materials Scientist, Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Cádiz , Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma 07122, Spain
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11
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Effective anti-leishmanial activity of minimalist squaramide-based compounds. Exp Parasitol 2016; 170:36-49. [PMID: 27480054 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of N,N'-Squaramides derivatives, compounds that feature both hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups and are capable of multiple interactions with complementary sites, against Leishmania infantum, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania donovani a series of 18compounds was prepared and assayed on extracellular and intracellular parasite forms. Infectivity and cytotoxicity tests were performed on J774.2 macrophage cells using meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) as the reference drug. Changes in metabolite excretion by 1H-NMR and the ultrastructural alterations occurring in the parasites treated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), was analyzed. Compounds 1, 7, 11, 14 and 17 were the more active and less toxic. Infection rates showed that the order of effectiveness was 17 > 11 > 14 > 7 for both L. infantum and L. braziliensis and in the same way, the compound 1 for L. donovani. All these compounds have altered the typical structure of the promastigotes, glycosomes and mitochondria. These severe modifications by the compounds are the ultimate reasons for the alterations observed in the excretion products. The Squaramide 17 (3-(butylamino)-4-((3-(dimetilamino)propyl)(methyl)amino)cyclobut-3-en-1,2-dione) was clearly the most efficient of all compounds. The data appear to confirm that the severe modifications generated in organelles such as glycosomes or mitochondria by the compounds are the ultimate reasons for the alterations observed in the excretion products of all species. The activity, stability, low cost of starting materials, and straightforward synthesis make amino squaramides appropriate molecules for the development of an affordable anti-leishmanial agent.
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Lassalas P, Gay B, Lasfargeas C, James MJ, Tran V, Vijayendran KG, Brunden KR, Kozlowski MC, Thomas CJ, Smith AB, Huryn DM, Ballatore C. Structure Property Relationships of Carboxylic Acid Isosteres. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3183-203. [PMID: 26967507 PMCID: PMC4833640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
replacement of a carboxylic acid with a surrogate structure,
or (bio)-isostere, is a classical strategy in medicinal chemistry.
The general underlying principle is that by maintaining the features
of the carboxylic acid critical for biological activity, but appropriately
modifying the physicochemical properties, improved analogs may result.
In this context, a systematic assessment of the physicochemical properties
of carboxylic acid isosteres would be desirable to enable more informed
decisions of potential replacements to be used for analog design.
Herein we report the structure–property relationships (SPR)
of 35 phenylpropionic acid derivatives, in which the carboxylic acid
moiety is replaced with a series of known isosteres. The data set
generated provides an assessment of the relative impact on the physicochemical
properties that these replacements may have compared to the carboxylic
acid analog. As such, this study presents a framework for how to rationally
apply isosteric replacements of the carboxylic acid functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrik Lassalas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Bryant Gay
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Caroline Lasfargeas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Michael J James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Van Tran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Krishna G Vijayendran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Marisa C Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Craig J Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Donna M Huryn
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Sanna E, López C, Ballester P, Rotger C, Costa A. Unexpected Squaramide-Induced Cleavage of Benzils: Synthesis and Characterization of Mono-Aroyl Squarimides. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Olmo F, Rotger C, Ramírez-Macías I, Martínez L, Marín C, Carreras L, Urbanová K, Vega M, Chaves-Lemaur G, Sampedro A, Rosales MJ, Sánchez-Moreno M, Costa A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N,N'-squaramides with high in vivo efficacy and low toxicity: toward a low-cost drug against Chagas disease. J Med Chem 2014; 57:987-99. [PMID: 24410674 DOI: 10.1021/jm4017015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Access to basic drugs is a major issue in developing countries. Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is a paradigmatic example of a chronic disease without an effective treatment. Current treatments based on benznidazole and nifurtimox are expensive, ineffective, and toxic. N,N'-Squaramides are amide-type compounds that feature both hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups and are capable of multiple interactions with complementary sites. When combined with amine and carboxylic groups, squaramide compounds have increased solubility and therefore make suitable therapeutic agents. In this work, we introduce a group of Lipinski's rule of five compliant squaramides as candidates for treating Chagas disease. The in vivo studies confirmed the positive expectations arising from the preliminary in vitro studies, revealing compound 17 to be the most effective for both acute and chronic phases. The activity, stability, low cost of starting materials, and straightforward synthesis make amino squaramides appropriate molecules for the development of an affordable anti-Chagasic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Olmo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada , E-18071 Granada, Spain
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