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Chae S, Kim MS, Kim JH, Fortner JD. Nanobubble Reactivity: Evaluating Hydroxyl Radical Generation (or Lack Thereof) under Ambient Conditions. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2023; 3:1504-1510. [PMID: 37854075 PMCID: PMC10581208 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.3c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanobubble (NB) generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydroxyl radical (·OH), has been controversial. In this work, we extensively characterize NBs in solution, with a focus on ROS generation (as ·OH), through a number of methods including degradation of ·OH-specific target compounds, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and a fluorescence-based indicator. Generated NBs exhibit consistent physical characteristics (size, surface potential, and concentration) when compared with previous studies. For conditions described, which are considered as high O2 NB concentrations, no degradation of benzoic acid (BA), a well-studied ·OH scavenger, was observed in the presence of NBs (over 24 h) and no EPR signal for ·OH was detected. While a positive fluorescence response was measured when using a fluorescence probe for ·OH, aminophenyl fluorescein (APF), we provide an alternate explanation for the result. Gas/liquid interfacial characterization indicates that the surface of a NB is proton-rich and capable of inducing acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of APF, which results in a false (positive) fluorescence response. Given these negative results, we conclude that NB-induced ·OH generation is minimal, if at all, for conditions evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung
Hee Chae
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Min Sik Kim
- Department
of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - John D. Fortner
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Huffman JL, Poncelet M, Moore W, Eaton SS, Eaton GR, Driesschaert B. Perchlorinated Triarylmethyl Radical 99% Enriched 13C at the Central Carbon as EPR Spin Probe Highly Sensitive to Molecular Tumbling. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7380-7387. [PMID: 34213354 PMCID: PMC8378891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Soluble stable radicals are used as spin probes and spin labels for in vitro and in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging applications. We report the synthesis and characterization of a perchlorinated triarylmethyl radical enriched 99% at the central carbon, 13C1-PTMTC. The anisotropy of the hyperfine splitting with the 13C1 (Ax = 26, Ay = 25, Az = 199.5 MHz) and the g (gx = 2.0015, gy = 2.0015, gz = 2.0040) are responsible for a strong effect of the radical tumbling rate on the EPR spectrum. The rotational correlation time can be determined by spectral simulation or via the line width or the apparent Az after calibration, so the spin probe 13C1-PTMTC can be used to measure media microviscosity with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Huffman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Martin Poncelet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Whylder Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United States
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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Elewa M, Maltar-Strmečki N, Said MM, El Shihawy HA, El-Sadek M, Frank J, Drescher S, Drescher M, Mäder K, Hinderberger D, Imming P. Synthesis and EPR-spectroscopic characterization of the perchlorotriarylmethyl tricarboxylic acid radical (PTMTC) and its 13C labelled analogue (13C-PTMTC). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:6688-6697. [PMID: 28210718 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hydrophilic tris(tetrachlorotriaryl)methyl (tetrachloro-TAM) radical labelled 50% with 13C at the central carbon atom was prepared. The mixture of isotopologue radicals was characterised by continuous wave and pulsed X-band electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPS). For the pharmaceutical and medical applications planned, the quantitative influence of oxygen, viscosity, temperature and pH on EPR line widths was studied in aqueous buffer, DMSO, water-methanol and water-glycerol mixtures. Under in vivo conditions, pH can be disregarded. There is a clear oxygen dependence of the width of the 12C isotopologue single EPR line in aqueous solutions while changes in rotational motion (viscosity) are observable only in the doublet lines of the central carbon of the 13C isotopologue. The tetrachloro-TAM proved to be very stable as a solid. Its thermal decay was determined quantitatively by thermal annealing. Towards ascorbic acid as a reducing agent and towards an oocyte cell extract it had a half-life of approx. 60 and 10 min. Thus for in vivo applications, 50% 13C tetrachloro-TAMs are suitable for selective and simultaneous oxygen and macroviscosity measurements in a formulation, e.g. nanocapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Elewa
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany. and Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nadica Maltar-Strmečki
- Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Mohamed M Said
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | | | - Juliane Frank
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Simon Drescher
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Malte Drescher
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Peter Imming
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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Azman NAM, Peiró S, Fajarí L, Julià L, Almajano MP. Radical scavenging of white tea and its flavonoid constituents by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5743-5748. [PMID: 24885813 DOI: 10.1021/jf501707p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
White tea (WT) presents high levels of catechins, which are known to reduce oxidative stress. WT is the least processed tea, unfermented and prepared only from very young tea leaves. The subject of this paper is the use of the spin trap method and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as the analytical tool to measure, for the first time, the radical scavenging activity of WT and its major catechin components, epicatechin (EC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), against the methoxy radical, using ferulic acid as antioxidant pattern. The antioxidant activity has been measured by the decrease of the intensity of the spectral bands of the adduct DMPO-OCH3 in the EPR with the amount of antioxidant in the reactive mixture. Tea leaves and buds were extracted with waterless methanol. It has been proved that tea compounds with more antiradical activity against methoxy radical are those with the gallate group, EGCG and ECG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul A M Azman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia , Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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