1
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Wied JK, Mockenhaupt B, Schürmann U, Kienle L, Mangelsen S, Glänzer J, Celinski VR, Behrens M, Schmedt Auf der Günne J. Method for Surface Characterization Using Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Demonstrated on Nanocrystalline ZnO:Al. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11290-11298. [PMID: 38958037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscale zinc-oxide doped with aluminum ZnO:Al is studied by different techniques targeting surface changes induced by the conditions at which ZnO:Al is used as support material in the catalysis of methanol. While it is well established that a variety of 1H and 27Al resonances can be found by solid-state NMR for this material, it was not clear yet which signals are related to species located close to the surface of the material and which to species located in the bulk. To this end, a method is suggested that makes use of a paramagnetically impregnated material to suppress NMR signals close to the particle surface in the blind sphere around the paramagnetic metal atoms. It is shown that it is important to use conditions that guarantee a stable reference system relative to which it can be established whether the coating procedure is conserving the original structure or not. This method, called paramagnetically assisted surface peak assignment, helped to assign the 1H and 27Al NMR peaks to the bulk and the surface layer defined by the blind sphere of the paramagnetic atoms. The assignment results are further corroborated by the results from heteronuclear 27Al{1H} dipolar dephasing experiments, which indicate that the hydrogen atoms are preferentially located in the surface layer and not in the particle core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Konrad Wied
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department for Chemistry and Biology, Inorganic Materials Chemistry and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mockenhaupt
- Kiel University, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schürmann
- Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorenz Kienle
- Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mangelsen
- Kiel University, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Janin Glänzer
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department for Chemistry and Biology, Inorganic Materials Chemistry and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Vinicius Ribeiro Celinski
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department for Chemistry and Biology, Inorganic Materials Chemistry and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Malte Behrens
- Kiel University, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörn Schmedt Auf der Günne
- Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, Department for Chemistry and Biology, Inorganic Materials Chemistry and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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2
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Singh M, Scotognella F. Recent Progress in Solution Processed Aluminum and co-Doped ZnO for Transparent Conductive Oxide Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:536. [PMID: 36984942 PMCID: PMC10058034 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous growth in the optoelectronic industry, the demand for novel and highly efficient materials is also growing. Specifically, the demand for the key component of several optoelectronic devices, i.e., transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), is receiving significant attention. The major reason behind this is the dependence of the current technology on only one material-indium tin oxide (ITO). Even though ITO still remains a highly efficient material, its high cost and the worldwide scarcity of indium creates an urgency for finding an alternative. In this regard, doped zinc oxide (ZnO), in particular, solution-processed aluminum doped ZnO (AZO), is emerging as a leading candidate to replace ITO due to its high abundant and exceptional physical/chemical properties. In this mini review, recent progress in the development of solution-processed AZO is presented. Beside the systematic review of the literature, the solution processable approaches used to synthesize AZO and the effect of aluminum doping content on the functional properties of AZO are also discussed. Moreover, the co-doping strategy (doping of aluminum with other elements) used to further improve the properties of AZO is also discussed and reviewed in this article.
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3
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van Embden J, Gross S, Kittilstved KR, Della Gaspera E. Colloidal Approaches to Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2023; 123:271-326. [PMID: 36563316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide is an extensively studied semiconductor with a wide band gap in the near-UV. Its many interesting properties have found use in optics, electronics, catalysis, sensing, as well as biomedicine and microbiology. In the nanoscale regime the functional properties of ZnO can be precisely tuned by manipulating its size, shape, chemical composition (doping), and surface states. In this review, we focus on the colloidal synthesis of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) and provide a critical analysis of the synthetic methods currently available for preparing ZnO colloids. First, we outline key thermodynamic considerations for the nucleation and growth of colloidal nanoparticles, including an analysis of different reaction methodologies and of the role of dopant ions on nanoparticle formation. We then comprehensively review and discuss the literature on ZnO NC systems, including reactions in polar solvents that traditionally occur at low temperatures upon addition of a base, and high temperature reactions in organic, nonpolar solvents. A specific section is dedicated to doped NCs, highlighting both synthetic aspects and structure-property relationships. The versatility of these methods to achieve morphological and compositional control in ZnO is explicated. We then showcase some of the key applications of ZnO NCs, both as suspended colloids and as deposited coatings on supporting substrates. Finally, a critical analysis of the current state of the art for ZnO colloidal NCs is presented along with existing challenges and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel van Embden
- School of Science, RMIT University, MelbourneVictoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Silvia Gross
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131Padova, Italy.,Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITCP), Engesserstrasse 20, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kevin R Kittilstved
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts01003, United States
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4
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Photocatalytic Performance of Undoped and Al-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles in the Degradation of Rhodamine B under UV-Visible Light:The Role of Defects and Morphology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415459. [PMID: 36555102 PMCID: PMC9779551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quasi-spherical undoped ZnO and Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles with different aluminum content, ranging from 0.5 to 5 at% of Al with respect to Zn, were synthesized. These nanoparticles were evaluated as photocatalysts in the photodegradation of the Rhodamine B (RhB) dye aqueous solution under UV-visible light irradiation. The undoped ZnO nanopowder annealed at 400 °C resulted in the highest degradation efficiency of ca. 81% after 4 h under green light irradiation (525 nm), in the presence of 5 mg of catalyst. The samples were characterized using ICP-OES, PXRD, TEM, FT-IR, 27Al-MAS NMR, UV-Vis and steady-state PL. The effect of Al-doping on the phase structure, shape and particle size was also investigated. Additional information arose from the annealed nanomaterials under dynamic N2 at different temperatures (400 and 550 °C). The position of aluminum in the ZnO lattice was identified by means of 27Al-MAS NMR. FT-IR gave further information about the type of tetrahedral sites occupied by aluminum. Photoluminescence showed that the insertion of dopant increases the oxygen vacancies reducing the peroxide-like species responsible for photocatalysis. The annealing temperature helps increase the number of red-emitting centers up to 400 °C, while at 550 °C, the photocatalytic performance drops due to the aggregation tendency.
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5
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Etemad-Parishanzadeh O, Ali W, Linders J, Straube T, Lutz H, Aggarwal V, Mayer C, Textor T, Gutmann JS, Mayer-Gall T. Characterization and Optimization of AZO Nanoparticles as Coatings for Flexible Substrates toward High IR Reflectivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:61707-61722. [PMID: 34913672 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy consumption by air-conditioning is expansive and leads to the emission of millions of tons of CO2 every year. A promising approach to circumvent this problem is the reflection of solar radiation: Rooms that would not heat up by irradiation will not need to be cooled down. Especially, transparent conductive metal oxides exhibit high infrared (IR) reflectivity and are commonly applied as low-emissivity coatings (low-e coatings). Indium tin oxide (ITO) coatings are the state-of-the-art application, though indium is a rare and expensive resource. This work demonstrates that aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) can be a suitable alternative to ITO for IR-reflection applications. AZO synthesized here exhibits better emissivity to be used as roofing membrane coatings for buildings in comparison to commercially available ITO coatings. AZO particles forming the reflective coating are generated via solvothermal synthesis routes and obtain high conductivity and IR reflectivity without the need of any further post-thermal treatment. Different synthesis parameters were studied, and their effects on both conductive and optical properties of the AZO nanoparticles were evaluated. To this end, a series of characterization methods, especially 27Al-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (27Al-NMR) analysis, have been conducted for a deeper insight into the particles' structure to understand the differences in conductivity and optical properties. The optimized AZO nanoparticles were coated on flexible transparent textile-based roofing membranes and tested as low-e coatings. The membranes demonstrated higher thermal reflectance compared with commercial ITO materials with an emissivity value lowered by 16%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wael Ali
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West (DTNW) gGmbH, Adlerstr.1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Nano Integration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Linders
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Nano Integration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Low & Bonar GmbH, Rheinstrasse 11, 41836 Hückelhoven, Germany
| | - Harald Lutz
- CHT Germany GmbH, Bismarckstr. 102, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vikas Aggarwal
- CHT Germany GmbH, Bismarckstr. 102, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Mayer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Nano Integration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten Textor
- Reutlingen University, School of Textiles and Design, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jochen S Gutmann
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West (DTNW) gGmbH, Adlerstr.1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Nano Integration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mayer-Gall
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West (DTNW) gGmbH, Adlerstr.1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Nano Integration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
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6
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Sohn HY, Murali A. Plasma Synthesis of Advanced Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Applications as Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Films. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051456. [PMID: 33800111 PMCID: PMC7962204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews and summarizes work recently performed in this laboratory on the synthesis of advanced transparent conducting oxide nanopowders by the use of plasma. The nanopowders thus synthesized include indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and tin-doped zinc oxide (TZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO). These oxides have excellent transparent conducting properties, among other useful characteristics. ZnO and TZO also has photocatalytic properties. The synthesis of these materials started with the selection of the suitable precursors, which were injected into a non-transferred thermal plasma and vaporized followed by vapor-phase reactions to form nanosized oxide particles. The products were analyzed by the use of various advanced instrumental analysis techniques, and their useful properties were tested by different appropriate methods. The thermal plasma process showed a considerable potential as an efficient technique for synthesizing oxide nanopowders. This process is also suitable for large scale production of nano-sized powders owing to the availability of high temperatures for volatilizing reactants rapidly, followed by vapor phase reactions and rapid quenching to yield nano-sized powder.
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7
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Wolff M, Lobe S, Dellen C, Uhlenbruck S, Ribeiro C, Guichard XH, Niederberger M, Makvandi A, Peterlechner M, Wilde G, Fattakhova‐Rohlfing D, Guillon O. A microwave‐based one‐pot process for homogeneous surface coating: improved electrochemical performance of Li(Ni
1/3
Mn
1/3
Co
1/3
)O
2
with a nano‐scaled ZnO:Al layer. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wolff
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK‐1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany and Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA‐Energy Jülich 52425 Germany
| | - Sandra Lobe
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK‐1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany and Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA‐Energy Jülich 52425 Germany
| | - Christian Dellen
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK‐1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany and Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA‐Energy Jülich 52425 Germany
| | - Sven Uhlenbruck
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK‐1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany and Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA‐Energy Jülich 52425 Germany
| | - Caue Ribeiro
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa instrumentation, São Carlos, SP, Brazil and Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK‐3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich 52425 Germany
| | - Xavier H. Guichard
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Ardavan Makvandi
- Institute of Materials Physics University of Münster Münster 48149 Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Wilde
- Institute of Materials Physics University of Münster Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Dina Fattakhova‐Rohlfing
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK‐1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany and Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA‐Energy Jülich 52425 Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen (UDE) Duisburg 47057 Germany
| | - Olivier Guillon
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK‐1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany and Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA‐Energy Jülich 52425 Germany
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8
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Characterization of designed, transparent and conductive Al doped ZnO particles and their utilization in conductive polymer composites. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Tian X, Wei R, Yang D, Qiu J. Paradoxical combination of saturable absorption and reverse-saturable absorption in plasmon semiconductor nanocrystals. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1676-1684. [PMID: 36132321 PMCID: PMC9417615 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In heavily doped semiconductor nanocrystal systems, high-order nonlinearities including third-order nonlinearity and fifth-order nonlinearity can be tailored to manipulate light on the nanoscale due to the semiconductor intrinsic absorption and localized surface plasmon resonances. Here, by exploiting the nonlinear optical properties of broadly infrared plasmons in solution-processed aluminum-doped ZnO nanocrystals (AZO NCs) with a wide band-gap, we demonstrate that the competition between plasma ground-state bleaching (third-order nonlinearity) and three-photon absorption (fifth-order nonlinearity) is responsible for the transition between saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption. Upon increasing the pump intensity, the third-order nonlinear coefficient decreases from -5.85 × 102 cm GW-1 to -7.89 × 10-10 cm GW-1, while the fifth-order nonlinear coefficient increases from 3.08 × 10-9 cm3 GW-2 to 15.8 cm3 GW-2. With aluminum-doped ZnO nanocrystals as a Q-switch, a pulsed fiber laser operating at the C band (optical communication band) was constructed. Furthermore, the relatively small temperature fluctuations (7.13 K) of the Q-switch indicate its application prospects in all-optical systems. Investigations on the intrinsic mechanism between high-order nonlinearity and the nonlinear absorption can promote the further development and applications of heavily doped oxide semiconductors in advanced nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou 510641 PR China
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua Zhejiang 321004 PR China
| | - Dandan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou 510641 PR China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou 510641 PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 PR China
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10
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Agrawal A, Cho SH, Zandi O, Ghosh S, Johns RW, Milliron DJ. Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance in Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3121-3207. [PMID: 29400955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) that results in resonant absorption, scattering, and near field enhancement around the NC can be tuned across a wide optical spectral range from visible to far-infrared by synthetically varying doping level, and post synthetically via chemical oxidation and reduction, photochemical control, and electrochemical control. In this review, we will discuss the fundamental electromagnetic dynamics governing light matter interaction in plasmonic semiconductor NCs and the realization of various distinctive physical properties made possible by the advancement of colloidal synthesis routes to such NCs. Here, we will illustrate how free carrier dielectric properties are induced in various semiconductor materials including metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, metal nitrides, silicon, and other materials. We will highlight the applicability and limitations of the Drude model as applied to semiconductors considering the complex band structures and crystal structures that predominate and quantum effects that emerge at nonclassical sizes. We will also emphasize the impact of dopant hybridization with bands of the host lattice as well as the interplay of shape and crystal structure in determining the LSPR characteristics of semiconductor NCs. To illustrate the discussion regarding both physical and synthetic aspects of LSPR-active NCs, we will focus on metal oxides with substantial consideration also of copper chalcogenide NCs, with select examples drawn from the literature on other doped semiconductor materials. Furthermore, we will discuss the promise that LSPR in doped semiconductor NCs holds for a wide range of applications such as infrared spectroscopy, energy-saving technologies like smart windows and waste heat management, biomedical applications including therapy and imaging, and optical applications like two photon upconversion, enhanced luminesence, and infrared metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Agrawal
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Shin Hum Cho
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Omid Zandi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Sandeep Ghosh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Robert W Johns
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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11
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Momot A, Amini MN, Reekmans G, Lamoen D, Partoens B, Slocombe DR, Elen K, Adriaensens P, Hardy A, Van Bael MK. A novel explanation for the increased conductivity in annealed Al-doped ZnO: an insight into migration of aluminum and displacement of zinc. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:27866-27877. [PMID: 28991959 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02936e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental and first-principles study is performed to study the origin of conductivity in ZnO:Al nanoparticles synthesized under controlled conditions via a reflux route using benzylamine as a solvent. The experimental characterization of the samples by Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and conductivity measurements indicates that upon annealing in nitrogen, the Al atoms at interstitial positions migrate to the substitutional positions, creating at the same time Zn interstitials. We provide evidence for the fact that the formed complex of AlZn and Zni corresponds to the origin of the Knight shifted peak (KS) we observe in 27Al NMR. As far as we know, the role of this complex has not been discussed in the literature to date. However, our first-principles calculations show that such a complex is indeed energetically favoured over the isolated Al interstitial positions. In our calculations we also address the charge state of the Al interstitials. Further, Zn interstitials can migrate from AlZn and possibly also form Zn clusters, leading to the observed increased conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Momot
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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12
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Kim DE, Cho SW, Kim B, Shin JH, Kang WJ, Yun MG, Beak SK, Cho HK, Kim YH, Kim Y. Chemically robust solution-processed indium zinc oxide thin film transistors fabricated by back channel wet-etched Mo electrodes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09684k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed a systematic strategy for a chemically robust solution-processed IZO thin film transistor with back channel wet-etched Mo electrodes, which showed superior electrical performance and uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hui Shin
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Gu Yun
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ki Beak
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Koun Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseok Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
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13
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Wang M, Zhao B, Xu S, Lin L, Liu S, He D. Synthesis of hierarchically structured ZnO nanomaterials via a supercritical assisted solvothermal process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:930-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hierarchically structured ZnO nanomaterials with flower-sheet-particle morphologies were synthesized via a supercritical assisted solvothermal process free from any other auxiliary chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai JiaoTong University
- Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology
- Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shaohong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology
- Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lin Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology
- Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sijun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology
- Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dannong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai JiaoTong University
- Shanghai 200240, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology
- Shanghai 200241, China
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14
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Zhou H, Wang H, Zheng K, Gu Z, Wu Z, Tian X. Aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles with tunable near-infrared absorption/reflectance by a simple solvothermal process. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08196j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum-doped ZnO nanoparticles with tunable NIR absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xingyou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
| |
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