1
|
Dupont J, Leal BC, Lozano P, Monteiro AL, Migowski P, Scholten JD. Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5227-5420. [PMID: 38661578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jairton Dupont
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Migowski
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Jackson D Scholten
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Domingues L, Duarte ARC, Jesus AR. How Can Deep Eutectic Systems Promote Greener Processes in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:221. [PMID: 38399436 PMCID: PMC10892015 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemists in the medicinal chemistry field are constantly searching for alternatives towards more sustainable and eco-friendly processes for the design and synthesis of drug candidates. The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most polluting industries, having a high E-factor, which is driving the adoption of more sustainable processes not only for new drug candidates, but also in the production of well-established active pharmaceutical ingredients. Deep eutectic systems (DESs) have emerged as a greener alternative to ionic liquids, and their potential to substitute traditional organic solvents in drug discovery has raised interest among scientists. With the use of DESs as alternative solvents, the processes become more attractive in terms of eco-friendliness and recyclability. Furthermore, they might be more effective through making the process simpler, faster, and with maximum efficiency. This review will be focused on the role and application of deep eutectic systems in drug discovery, using biocatalytic processes and traditional organic chemical reactions, as new environmentally benign alternative solvents. Furthermore, herein we also show that DESs, if used in the pharmaceutical industry, may have a significant effect on lowering production costs and decreasing the impact of this industry on the quality of the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Rita Jesus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (L.D.); (A.R.C.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Combination of Enzymes and Deep Eutectic Solvents as Powerful Toolbox for Organic Synthesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020516. [PMID: 36677575 PMCID: PMC9863131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, a wide spectrum of applications and advantages in the use of deep eutectic solvents for promoting organic reactions has been well established among the scientific community. Among these synthetic methodologies, in recent years, various examples of biocatalyzed processes have been reported, making use of eutectic mixtures as reaction media, as an improvement in terms of selectivity and sustainability. This review aims to show the newly reported protocols in the field, subdivided by reaction class as a 'toolbox' guide for organic synthesis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gamboa-Velázquez G, Juaristi E. Mechanoenzymology in the Kinetic Resolution of β-Blockers: Propranolol as a Case Study. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:343-350. [PMID: 36855594 PMCID: PMC9955203 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in biotechnology, protein engineering, and enzymatic immobilization have made it possible to carry out biocatalytic transformations through alternative non-conventional activation strategies. In particular, mechanoenzymology (i.e., the use of the mechanical force produced by milling or grinding to activate a biotransformation) has become a new area in so-called "green chemistry", reshaping key fundaments of biocatalysis and leading to the exploration of enzymatic transformations under more sustainable conditions. Significantly, numerous chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients have been synthesized via mechanoenzymatic methods, boosting the use of biocatalysis in the synthesis of chiral drugs. In this regard and aiming to widen the scope of the young field of mechanoenzymology, a dual kinetic resolution of propranolol precursors was explored. The biocatalytic methodology mediated by Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) and activated by mechanical force allowed the isolation of both enantiomeric precursors of propranolol with high enantiomeric excess (up to 99% ee), complete conversion (c = 50%), and excellent enantiodifferentiation (E > 300). Moreover, the enantiomerically pure products were used to synthesize both enantiomers of the β-blocker propranolol with high enantiopurity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Gamboa-Velázquez
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación
y de Estudios Avanzados, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación
y de Estudios Avanzados, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico,El
Colegio Nacional, Luis
González Obregón 23, Centro Histórico, 06020 Ciudad de México, Mexico,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The combination of covalent and ionic exchange immobilizations enables the coimmobilization on vinyl sulfone activated supports and the reuse of the most stable immobilized enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 199:51-60. [PMID: 34973984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coimmobilization of lipases from Rhizomucor miehei (RML) and Candida antarctica (CALB) has been intended using agarose beads activated with divinyl sulfone. CALB could be immobilized on this support, while RML was not. However, RML was ionically exchanged on this support blocked with ethylendiamine. Therefore, both enzymes could be coimmobilized on the same particle, CALB covalently using the vinyl sulfone groups, and RML via anionic exchange on the aminated blocked support. However, immobilized RML was far less stable than immobilized CALB. To avoid the discarding of CALB (that maintained 90% of the initial activity after RML inactivation), a strategy was developed. Inactivated RML was desorbed from the support using ammonium sulfate and 1% Triton X-100 at pH 7.0. That way, 5 cycles of RML thermal inactivation, discharge of the inactivated enzyme and re-immobilization of a fresh sample of RML could be performed. In the last cycle, immobilized CALB activity was still over 90% of the initial one. Thus, the strategy permits that enzymes can be coimmobilized on vinyl sulfone supports even if one of them cannot be immobilized on it, and also permits the reuse of the most stable enzyme (if it is irreversibly attached to the support).
Collapse
|
6
|
Wolny A, Chrobok A. Ionic Liquids for Development of Heterogeneous Catalysts Based on Nanomaterials for Biocatalysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2030. [PMID: 34443861 PMCID: PMC8399483 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective methods of enzyme stabilization is key for the evolution of biocatalytic processes. An interesting approach combines the stabilization process of proteins in ionic liquids and the immobilization of the active phase on the solid support. As a result, stable, active and heterogeneous biocatalysts are obtained. There are several benefits associated with heterogeneous processes, as easy separation of the biocatalyst from the reaction mixture and the possibility of recycling. Accordingly, this work focused on the supported ionic liquid phases as the efficient enzyme stabilization carriers, and their application in both continuous flow and batch biocatalytic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Chrobok
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Altava B, Burguete MI, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Chiral catalysts immobilized on achiral polymers: effect of the polymer support on the performance of the catalyst. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2722-2771. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00734e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Achiral polymeric supports can have important positive effects on the activity, stability and selectivity of supported chiral catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Altava
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- University Jaume I
- Castellón
- Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- University Jaume I
- Castellón
- Spain
| | | | - Santiago V. Luis
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- University Jaume I
- Castellón
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Porcar R, Lozano P, Burguete MI, Garcia-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Dimethyl carbonate as a non-innocent benign solvent for the multistep continuous flow synthesis of amino alcohols. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient methodology for the production and resolution of amino alcohols with a low environmental impact has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Porcar
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- Spain
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- E-30100 Murcia
| | - Maria Isabel Burguete
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Verdugo
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gupta SM, Kamble MP, Yadav GD. Insight into microwave assisted enzyme catalysis in process intensification of reaction and selectivity: Kinetic resolution of ( R,S )-flurbiprofen with alcohols. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Hirata DB, Albuquerque TL, Rueda N, Virgen-Ortíz JJ, Tacias-Pascacio VG, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Evaluation of different immobilized lipases in transesterification reactions using tributyrin: Advantages of the heterofunctional octyl agarose beads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
11
|
García-Bernabé A, Rivera A, Granados A, Luis SV, Compañ V. Ionic transport on composite polymers containing covalently attached and absorbed ionic liquid fragments. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
12
|
Giacalone F, Gruttadauria M. Covalently Supported Ionic Liquid Phases: An Advanced Class of Recyclable Catalytic Systems. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201501086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giacalone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; University of Palermo; Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Michelangelo Gruttadauria
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; University of Palermo; Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lozano P, Bernal JM, Gómez C, García-Verdugo E, Isabel Burguete M, Sánchez G, Vaultier M, Luis SV. Green bioprocesses in sponge-like ionic liquids. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Restrepo J, Porcar R, Lozano P, Burguete MI, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Microwave-Assisted Selective Oxidation of 1-Phenyl Ethanol in Water Catalyzed by Metal Nanoparticles Immobilized onto Supported Ionic Liquidlike Phases. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Restrepo
- Department
of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University Jaume I, Avenida Sos
Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Raul Porcar
- Department
of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University Jaume I, Avenida Sos
Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología,
Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de
Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Department
of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University Jaume I, Avenida Sos
Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Department
of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University Jaume I, Avenida Sos
Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Department
of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University Jaume I, Avenida Sos
Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu HC, Liu YH, Li BL, Cui ZS, Zhang ZH. Deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and malonic acid as an efficient and reusable catalytic system for one-pot synthesis of functionalized pyrroles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride and malonic acid was applied as catalyst and reaction medium for synthesis of pyrroles by one-pot, four-component reaction of amines, aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and nitromethane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chuan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science
- Hebei Normal University
- Shijiazhuang 050024
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Heng Liu
- The College of Preclinical Medicine
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050017
- China
| | - Bao-Le Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science
- Hebei Normal University
- Shijiazhuang 050024
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Shui Cui
- College of Chemistry and Material Science
- Hebei Normal University
- Shijiazhuang 050024
- P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science
- Hebei Normal University
- Shijiazhuang 050024
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Olmo LD, Lage-Estebanez I, López R, García de la Vega JM. Effect of dielectric constant on estimation of properties of ionic liquids: an analysis of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11425j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influence of dielectric constant values in estimation of thermodynamical properties (vapor pressure, vaporization enthalpy, density and viscosity) of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids with COSMO-RS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes del Olmo
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Isabel Lage-Estebanez
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Rafael López
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - José M. García de la Vega
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hou J, Kuang Y, Shen H, Cao H, Luo L, Liu J, Wan P, Chen B, Sun X, Tan T. Solvothermal synthesis of FeCo nanoparticles for magneto-controllable biocatalysis. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
FeCo nanoparticles were synthesized by a solvothermal method, and could work as a fuel-free magneto-controllable carrier to load biocatalytically-active cargo for magneto-controllable and recyclable biocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxuan Hou
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
| | - Yun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Huaqing Shen
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hui Cao
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Pengbo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Biqiang Chen
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, PR China
| |
Collapse
|