1
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Bhuyan M, Sharma S, Dutta NB, Baishya G. tert-Butylhydroperoxide mediated radical cyanoalkylation/cyanoalkenylation of 2-anilino-1,4-naphthoquinones with vinylarenes/arylalkynes and azobis(alkylcarbonitrile)s. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9255-9269. [PMID: 37969100 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel sustainable methodology based on one-pot cyanoalkylation/cyanoalkenylation of 2-anilino-1,4-naphthoquinones with vinylarenes/arylalkynes and azobis(alkylcarbonitrile)s involving a three-component radical cascade pathway has been achieved. Here, tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) acts as an efficient oxidant, and it smoothly drives the reaction, producing the three-component products in very good to excellent yields. This cascade reaction eliminates the use of any base, additive, metal and hazardous cyanating agent. Additionally, this protocol exclusively delivers a stereospecific product in the case of arylalkynes. The involvement of radicals is evidenced through various radical trapping experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayurakhi Bhuyan
- Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | - Suraj Sharma
- Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | | | - Gakul Baishya
- Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
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2
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Horbaczewskyj CS, Fairlamb IJS. Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings: On the Importance of the Catalyst Quantity Descriptors, mol % and ppm. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:2240-2269. [PMID: 36032362 PMCID: PMC9396667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
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This Review examines parts per million (ppm) palladium
concentrations
in catalytic cross-coupling reactions and their relationship with
mole percentage (mol %). Most studies in catalytic cross-coupling
chemistry have historically focused on the concentration ratio between
(pre)catalyst and the limiting reagent (substrate), expressed as mol
%. Several recent papers have outlined the use of “ppm level”
palladium as an alternative means of describing catalytic cross-coupling
reaction systems. This led us to delve deeper into the literature
to assess whether “ppm level” palladium is a practically
useful descriptor of catalyst quantities in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling
reactions. Indeed, we conjectured that many reactions could, unknowingly,
have employed low “ppm levels” of palladium (pre)catalyst,
and generally, what would the spread of ppm palladium look like across
a selection of studies reported across the vast array of the cross-coupling
chemistry literature. In a few selected examples, we have examined
other metal catalyst systems for comparison with palladium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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3
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Bhuyan M, Sharma S, Baishya G. Metal-free three-component cyanoalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with vinylarenes and azobis(alkylcarbonitrile)s. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1462-1474. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A K2S2O8-mediated C3 cyanoalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via a three-component radical cascade reaction with vinylarenes and azobis(alkylcarbonitrile)s has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayurakhi Bhuyan
- Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Suraj Sharma
- Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Gakul Baishya
- Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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4
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Mao Q, Zhao Q, Li MZ, Qin R, Luo ML, Xue J, Chen BH, Leng HJ, Peng C, Zhan G, Han B. Construction of CF 3-Functionalized Fully Substituted Benzonitriles through Rauhut-Currier Reaction Initiated [3 + 3] Benzannulation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14844-14854. [PMID: 34596408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Though numerous cyanation reactions have been developed for the synthesis of benzonitriles, the construction of valuable fully substituted benzonitriles is still a challenging task. Herein, we reported a tertiary amine-catalyzed [3 + 3]-benzannulation for the green synthesis of CF3-functionalized fully substituted benzonitriles. This strategy features exclusive chemoselectivity, high atom-economy, and good step-economy with environment-friendly reagents and mild conditions. Unique triphenyl-substituted dicyanobenzoate products could be rapidly constructed using this method. The practicality and reliability of this reaction were proved by the successful scale-up synthesis. A mechanistic study indicates that the [3 + 3]-benzannulation was initiated by an intermolecular Rauhut-Currier reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu-Ze Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vabcouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
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5
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Wang J, Sun B, Zhang L, Xu T, Xie Y, Jin C. Transition-metal-free direct C-3 cyanation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with ammonium thiocyanate as the “CN” source. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A practical protocol for TBHP-mediated oxidative C–H cyanation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones utilizing ammonium thiocyanate as the cyanide source has been developed under metal free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
| | - Tengwei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
| | - Can Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
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Khajeh Dangolani S, Sharifat S, Panahi F, Khalafi-Nezhad A. Immobilized palladium nanoparticles on a cyclodextrin-polyurethane nanosponge (Pd-CD-PU-NS): An efficient catalyst for cyanation reaction in aqueous media. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Abstract
The present review gives an overview over non-toxic cyanation agents and cyanide sources used in the synthesis of structurally diverse products containing the nitrile function. Nucleophilic as well as electrophilic agents/systems that transfer the entire CN-group were taken in consideration. Reactions in which a preexisting carbon functionality is transformed into a nitrile function by addition of nitrogen are however not covered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Nauth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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8
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An overview on the progress and development on metals/non-metal catalyzed cyanation reactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Yan
- Department of Chemistry; Lishui University; Lishui Zhejiang 323000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
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10
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Different Performance of Two Isomeric Phosphinobiphenyl Amidosulfonates in Pd-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Bromides. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6120182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Burg F, Egger J, Deutsch J, Guimond N. A Homogeneous Method for the Conveniently Scalable Palladium- and Nickel-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Halides. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Finn Burg
- Chemical
Development Department, Bayer Pharma AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julian Egger
- Chemical
Development Department, Bayer Pharma AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Johannes Deutsch
- Chemical
Development Department, Bayer Pharma AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nicolas Guimond
- Chemical
Development Department, Bayer Pharma AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
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13
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Cohen DT, Buchwald SL. Mild palladium-catalyzed cyanation of (hetero)aryl halides and triflates in aqueous media. Org Lett 2015; 17:202-5. [PMID: 25555140 PMCID: PMC4301087 DOI: 10.1021/ol5032359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
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A mild, efficient, and low-temperature
palladium-catalyzed cyanation
of (hetero)aryl halides and triflates is reported. Previous palladium-catalyzed
cyanations of (hetero)aryl halides have required higher temperatures
to achieve good catalytic activity. This current reaction allows the
cyanation of a general scope of (hetero)aryl halides and triflates
at 2–5 mol % catalyst loadings with temperatures ranging from
rt to 40 °C. This mild method was applied to the synthesis of
lersivirine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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14
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Zou T, Yu X, Feng X, Bao M. An efficient transformation of primary halides into nitriles through palladium-catalyzed hydrogen transfer reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10714-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-step one-pot transformation of primary halides into the corresponding nitriles is successfully achieved under mild conditions. In this protocol, acetone functions as both a solvent and a hydrogen acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- China
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15
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Sharif M, Wu XF. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of primary benzamides from aryl bromides via a cyanation and hydration sequence. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00490j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An interesting and effective procedure for the synthesis of primary benzamides from aryl bromides via cyanation and in situ hydration sequence has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sharif
- ZSTU-LIKAT Joint Laboratory of Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Xiasha Campus
- Hangzhou
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- ZSTU-LIKAT Joint Laboratory of Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Xiasha Campus
- Hangzhou
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16
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Karimi B, Zamani A, Mansouri F. Activity enhancement in cyanation of aryl halides through confinement of ionic liquid in the nanospaces of SBA-15-supported Pd complex. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09428j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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