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Effect of Nitrogen Flow in Hydrogen/Nitrogen Plasma Annealing on Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide/Tin-Doped Indium Oxide Bilayer Films Applied in Low Emissivity Glass. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9060310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Low emissivity glass (low-e glass), which is often used in energy-saving buildings, has high thermal resistance and visible light transmission. Heavily doped wide band gap semiconductors like aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) have these properties, especially after certain treatment. In our experiments, in-line sputtered AZO and ITO bilayer (AZO/ITO) films on glass substrates were prepared first. The deposition of AZO/ITO films was following by annealing in hydrogen/nitrogen (H2/N2) plasma with different N2 flows. The structure and optical and electrical properties of AZO/ITO films were surveyed. Experiment results indicated that N2 flow in H2/N2 plasma annealing of AZO/ITO films slightly modified the structure and electrical properties of AZO/ITO films. The X-ray diffraction peak corresponding to zinc oxide (002) crystal plane slightly shifted to a higher angle and its full width at half maximum decreased as the N2 flow increased. The electrical resistivity and the emissivity reduced for the plasma annealed AZO/ITO films when the N2 flow was raised. The optimum H2/N2 gas flow was 100/100 for plasma annealed AZO/ITO films in this work for low emissivity application. The emissivity and average visible transmittance for H2/N2 = 100/100 plasma annealed AZO/ITO were 0.07 and 80%, respectively, lying in the range of commercially used low emissivity glass.
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Mahmood K, Mehran MT, Rehman F, Zafar MS, Ahmad SW, Song RH. Electrosprayed Polymer-Hybridized Multidoped ZnO Mesoscopic Nanocrystals Yield Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9648-9657. [PMID: 31459095 PMCID: PMC6644504 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state perovskite solar cells have been expeditiously developed since the past few years. However, there are a number of open questions and issues related to the perovskite devices, such as their long-term ambient stability and hysteresis in current density-voltage curves. We developed highly efficient and hysteresis-less perovskite devices by changing the frequently used TiO2 mesoscopic layer with polymer-hybridized multidoped ZnO nanocrystals in a common n-i-p structure for the first time. The gradual adjustment of ZnO conduction band position using single- and multidopant atoms will likely enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 8.26 to 13.54%, with PCEmax = 15.09%. The highest PCEavg of 13.54% was demonstrated by 2 atom % boron and 6 atom % fluorine co-doped (B, F:ZnO) nanolayers (using optimized film thickness of 160 nm) owing to their highest conductivity, carrier concentration, optical transmittance, and band-gap energy compared to other doped films. We also successfully apply a fine polyethylenimine thin layer on the doped ZnO nanolayers, causing the reduction in work function and overall demonstrating the enhancement in PCE from ∼10.86% up to 16.20%. A polymer-mixed electron-transporting layer demonstrates the remarkable PCEmax of 20.74% by decreasing the trap sites in the oxide layer that probably reduces the chances of carrier interfacial recombination originated from traps and thus improves the device performance. Particularly, we produce these electron-rich multidoped ZnO nanolayers via electrospray technique, which is highly suitable for the future development of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mahmood
- Department
of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University
of Engineering & Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 31/2 Km. Khurrianwala, Makkuana By-Pass, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taqi Mehran
- University
of Science and Technology (UST), 217-Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Faisal Rehman
- Department
of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University
of Engineering & Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 31/2 Km. Khurrianwala, Makkuana By-Pass, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Zafar
- SKKU
Advanced Institute of Nano-Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Waqas Ahmad
- Department
of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University
of Engineering & Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 31/2 Km. Khurrianwala, Makkuana By-Pass, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rak-Hyun Song
- New
and Renewable Energy Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152-Gajeong ro,
Yuseong gu, Daejeon 34129, South Korea
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Mahmood K, Munir R, Swain BS, Han GS, Kim BJ, Jung HS. Study on the enhanced and stable field emission behavior of a novel electrosprayed Al-doped ZnO bilayer film. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46394j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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