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Buzzin A, Cupo S, Giovine E, de Cesare G, Belfiore NP. Compliant Nano-Pliers as a Biomedical Tool at the Nanoscale: Design, Simulation and Fabrication. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121087. [PMID: 33302376 PMCID: PMC7762596 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a multi-hinge, multi-DoF (Degrees of Freedom) nanogripper actuated by means of rotary comb drives and equipped with CSFH (Conjugate Surface Flexure Hinges), with the goal of performing complex in-plane movements at the nanoscale. The design approach, the simulation and a specifically conceived single-mask fabrication process are described in detail and the achieved results are illustrated by SEM images. The first prototype presents a total overall area of (550 × 550) μm2, an active clamping area of (2 × 4) μm2, 600 nm-wide circular curved beams as flexible hinges for its motion and an aspect ratio of about 2.5. These features allow the proposed system to grasp objects a few hundred nanometers in size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Buzzin
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.d.C.)
| | - Serena Cupo
- Department of Engineering, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ennio Giovine
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 00156 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giampiero de Cesare
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.d.C.)
| | - Nicola Pio Belfiore
- Department of Engineering, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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2
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Gupta S, Kaushal A, Kumar A, Kumar D. Recent advances in biosensors for diagnosis of celiac disease: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:444-451. [PMID: 30516838 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an intestinal issue activated by the inappropriate immune reaction towards gluten protein of wheat, rye, barley, oats, and autoantigen, tissue transglutaminase. Regardless of the accessibility of immunochemical conventions for research facility analysis of CD, there is as yet a need of speedier, less expensive, and simpler devices for diagnosing CD. This review concentrates on progresses in biosensors for diagnosing CD in perspective of the scaled down hardware, multianalyte discovery and low sample volume necessity. Various recently developed biosensors in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Gupta
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India.,Department of Molecular Biosensor lab, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biosensor lab, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
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3
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Costantini F, Tiggelaar RM, Salvio R, Nardecchia M, Schlautmann S, Manetti C, Gardeniers HJGE, de Cesare G, Caputo D, Nascetti A. An All-Glass Microfluidic Network with Integrated Amorphous Silicon Photosensors for on-Chip Monitoring of Enzymatic Biochemical Assay. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7040058. [PMID: 29206205 PMCID: PMC5746781 DOI: 10.3390/bios7040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A lab-on-chip system, integrating an all-glass microfluidics and on-chip optical detection, was developed and tested. The microfluidic network is etched in a glass substrate, which is then sealed with a glass cover by direct bonding. Thin film amorphous silicon photosensors have been fabricated on the sealed microfluidic substrate preventing the contamination of the micro-channels. The microfluidic network is then made accessible by opening inlets and outlets just prior to the use, ensuring the sterility of the device. The entire fabrication process relies on conventional photolithographic microfabrication techniques and is suitable for low-cost mass production of the device. The lab-on-chip system has been tested by implementing a chemiluminescent biochemical reaction. The inner channel walls of the microfluidic network are chemically functionalized with a layer of polymer brushes and horseradish peroxidase is immobilized into the coated channel. The results demonstrate the successful on-chip detection of hydrogen peroxide down to 18 μM by using luminol and 4-iodophenol as enhancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Costantini
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, via Salaria n. 851/881, 00138 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro n.5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roald M Tiggelaar
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
- NanoLab cleanroom, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Riccardo Salvio
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro n.5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Nardecchia
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, via Salaria n. 851/881, 00138 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefan Schlautmann
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Cesare Manetti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro n.5, 00185 Rome Italy.
| | - Han J G E Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Giampiero de Cesare
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Domenico Caputo
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Augusto Nascetti
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, via Salaria n. 851/881, 00138 Rome, Italy.
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Kanakasabapathy MK, Pandya HJ, Draz MS, Chug MK, Sadasivam M, Kumar S, Etemad B, Yogesh V, Safavieh M, Asghar W, Li JZ, Tsibris AM, Kuritzkes DR, Shafiee H. Rapid, label-free CD4 testing using a smartphone compatible device. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2910-2919. [PMID: 28702612 PMCID: PMC5576172 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The most recent guidelines have called for a significant shift towards viral load testing for HIV/AIDS management in developing countries; however point-of-care (POC) CD4 testing still remains an important component of disease staging in multiple developing countries. Advancements in micro/nanotechnologies and consumer electronics have paved the way for mobile healthcare technologies and the development of POC smartphone-based diagnostic assays for disease detection and treatment monitoring. Here, we report a simple, rapid (30 minutes) smartphone-based microfluidic chip for automated CD4 testing using a small volume (30 μL) of whole blood. The smartphone-based device includes an inexpensive (<$5) cell phone accessory and a functionalized disposable microfluidic device. We evaluated the performance of the device using spiked PBS samples and HIV-infected and uninfected whole blood, and compared the microfluidic chip results with the manual analysis and flow cytometry results. Through t-tests, Bland-Altman analyses, and regression tests, we have shown a good agreement between the smartphone-based test and the manual and FACS analysis for CD4 count. The presented technology could have a significant impact on HIV management in developing countries through providing a reliable and inexpensive POC CD4 testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Kanakasabapathy
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA.
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Scherf KA, Ciccocioppo R, Pohanka M, Rimarova K, Opatrilova R, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P. Biosensors for the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 58:381-92. [PMID: 27130174 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy initiated and sustained by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. It is caused by a dysregulated immune response toward both dietary antigens, the gluten proteins of wheat, rye, and barley, and autoantigens, the enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2). The small intestine is the target organ. Although routine immunochemical protocols for a laboratory diagnosis of CD are available, faster, easier-to-use, and cheaper analytical devices for CD diagnosis are currently unavailable. This review focuses on biosensors, consisting of a physicochemical transducer and a bioreceptor, as promising analytical tools for diagnosis of CD and other diseases. Examples of recently developed biosensors as well as expectations for future lines of research and development in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Clinica Medica I, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kvetoslava Rimarova
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Proteomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
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6
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Wang J, Li H, Zou H, Wang C, Zhang H, Mano JF, Song W. Flexible method for fabricating protein patterns on superhydrophobic platforms controlled by magnetic field. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:408-411. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00867d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A flexible, magnetic-field controlled patterning method of water soluble proteins or other functional materials has been developed based on superhydrophobic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Chenmiao Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - João F. Mano
- Department of Chemistry
- CICECO
- University of Aveiro
- Aveiro 3810-194
- Portugal
| | - Wenlong Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
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7
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Petrucci G, Caputo D, Lovecchio N, Costantini F, Legnini I, Bozzoni I, Nascetti A, de Cesare G. Multifunctional System-on-Glass for Lab-on-Chip applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 93:315-321. [PMID: 27567262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-Chip are miniaturized systems able to perform biomolecular analysis in shorter time and with lower reagent consumption than a standard laboratory. Their miniaturization interferes with the multiple functions that the biochemical procedures require. In order to address this issue, our paper presents, for the first time, the integration on a single glass substrate of different thin film technologies in order to develop a multifunctional platform suitable for on-chip thermal treatments and on-chip detection of biomolecules. The proposed System on-Glass hosts thin metal films acting as heating sources; hydrogenated amorphous silicon diodes acting both as temperature sensors to monitor the temperature distribution and photosensors for the on-chip detection and a ground plane ensuring that the heater operation does not affect the photodiode currents. The sequence of the technological steps, the deposition temperatures of the thin films and the parameters of the photolithographic processes have been optimized in order to overcome all the issues of the technological integration. The device has been designed, fabricated and tested for the implementation of DNA amplification through the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with thermal cycling among three different temperatures on a single site. The glass has been connected to an electronic system that drives the heaters and controls the temperature and light sensors. It has been optically and thermally coupled with another glass hosting a microfluidic network made in polydimethylsiloxane that includes thermally actuated microvalves and a PCR process chamber. The successful DNA amplification has been verified off-chip by using a standard fluorometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Petrucci
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Rome "La Sapienza", via Eudossiana 18, Rome, 00184 Italy
| | - D Caputo
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Rome "La Sapienza", via Eudossiana 18, Rome, 00184 Italy.
| | - N Lovecchio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Rome "La Sapienza", via Eudossiana 18, Rome, 00184 Italy
| | - F Costantini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185 Italy; School of Aerospace Engineering, University of Rome "La Sapienza", via Salaria 851/881, Rome, 00138 Italy
| | - I Legnini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185 Italy
| | - I Bozzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185 Italy
| | - A Nascetti
- School of Aerospace Engineering, University of Rome "La Sapienza", via Salaria 851/881, Rome, 00138 Italy
| | - G de Cesare
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Rome "La Sapienza", via Eudossiana 18, Rome, 00184 Italy
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Domenici F, Fasolato C, Mazzi E, De Angelis L, Brasili F, Mura F, Postorino P, Bordi F. Engineering microscale two-dimensional gold nanoparticle cluster arrays for advanced Raman sensing: An AFM study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Thin Film Differential Photosensor for Reduction of Temperature Effects in Lab-on-Chip Applications. SENSORS 2016; 16:267. [PMID: 26907292 PMCID: PMC4801643 DOI: 10.3390/s16020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a thin film structure suitable for low-level radiation measurements in lab-on-chip systems that are subject to thermal treatments of the analyte and/or to large temperature variations. The device is the series connection of two amorphous silicon/amorphous silicon carbide heterojunctions designed to perform differential current measurements. The two diodes experience the same temperature, while only one is exposed to the incident radiation. Under these conditions, temperature and light are the common and differential mode signals, respectively. A proper electrical connection reads the differential current of the two diodes (ideally the photocurrent) as the output signal. The experimental characterization shows the benefits of the differential structure in minimizing the temperature effects with respect to a single diode operation. In particular, when the temperature varies from 23 to 50 °C, the proposed device shows a common mode rejection ratio up to 24 dB and reduces of a factor of three the error in detecting very low-intensity light signals.
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10
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Costantini F, Sberna C, Petrucci G, Manetti C, de Cesare G, Nascetti A, Caputo D. Lab-on-chip system combining a microfluidic-ELISA with an array of amorphous silicon photosensors for the detection of celiac disease epitopes. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Zhang N, Lock J, Sallee A, Liu H. Magnetic Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Potential Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytocompatibility with Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:20987-98. [PMID: 26360342 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels possess high water content and closely mimic the microenvironment of extracellular matrix. In this study, we created a hybrid hydrogel containing type II collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and incorporated magnetic nanoparticles into the hybrid hydrogels of type II collagen-HA-PEG to produce a magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel (MagGel) for cartilage tissue engineering. The results showed that both the MagGel and hybrid gel (Gel) were successfully cross-linked and the MagGel responded to an external magnet while maintaining structural integrity. That is, the MagGel could travel to the tissue defect sites in physiological fluids under remote magnetic guidance. The adhesion density of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the MagGel group in vitro was similar to the control group and greater than the Gel group. The morphology of BMSCs was normal and consistent in all groups. We also found that BMSCs engulfed magnetic nanoparticles in culture and the presence of magnetic nanoparticles did not affect BMSC adhesion and morphology. We hypothesized that the ingested nanoparticles may be eventually broken down by lysosome and excreted through exocytosis; further studies are necessary to confirm this. This study reports a promising magnetic responsive nanocomposite hydrogel for potential cartilage tissue engineering applications, which should be further studied for its effects on cell functions when combined with electromagnetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyin Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jaclyn Lock
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Amy Sallee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Huinan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Stem Cell Center, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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12
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From Self-Assembled Monolayers to Coatings: Advances in the Synthesis and Nanobio Applications of Polymer Brushes. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7071346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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13
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Amorphous silicon p-i-n structure acting as light and temperature sensor. SENSORS 2015; 15:12260-72. [PMID: 26016913 PMCID: PMC4507708 DOI: 10.3390/s150612260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a multi-parametric sensor able to measure both temperature and radiation intensity, suitable to increase the level of integration and miniaturization in Lab-on-Chip applications. The device is based on amorphous silicon p-doped/intrinsic/n-doped thin film junction. The device is first characterized as radiation and temperature sensor independently. We found a maximum value of responsivity equal to 350 mA/W at 510 nm and temperature sensitivity equal to 3.2 mV/K. We then investigated the effects of the temperature variation on light intensity measurement and of the light intensity variation on the accuracy of the temperature measurement. We found that the temperature variation induces an error lower than 0.55 pW/K in the light intensity measurement at 550 nm when the diode is biased in short circuit condition, while an error below 1 K/µW results in the temperature measurement when a forward bias current higher than 25 µA/cm2 is applied.
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14
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On-chip detection performed by amorphous silicon balanced photosensor for lab-on chip application. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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15
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Caputo D, de Angelis A, Lovecchio N, Nascetti A, Scipinotti R, de Cesare G. Amorphous silicon photosensors integrated in microfluidic structures as a technological demonstrator of a “true” Lab-on-Chip system. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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Krishnamoorthy M, Hakobyan S, Ramstedt M, Gautrot JE. Surface-initiated polymer brushes in the biomedical field: applications in membrane science, biosensing, cell culture, regenerative medicine and antibacterial coatings. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10976-1026. [PMID: 25353708 DOI: 10.1021/cr500252u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahentha Krishnamoorthy
- Institute of Bioengineering and ‡School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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18
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Multiwell cartridge with integrated array of amorphous silicon photosensors for chemiluminescence detection: development, characterization and comparison with cooled-CCD luminograph. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5645-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Multi-channel Very-low-noise Current Acquisition System with On-board Voltage Supply for Sensor Biasing and Readout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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