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Li J, Jiang L, Wang X, Zhu Z, Zhang Q, Liu S, Wang Y, Huang J. Ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor based on palindromic sequence mediated bidirectional SDA and a DNAzyme walker for kanamycin detection. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01368a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical biosensing platform for kanamycin analysis based on SDA and a DNA walker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Long Jiang
- Qingdao Spring Water-treatment Co., Ltd, Qingdao 266000, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Shandong Institute of Metrology and Science, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Zhixue Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Su Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Huang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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2
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Largy E, König A, Ghosh A, Ghosh D, Benabou S, Rosu F, Gabelica V. Mass Spectrometry of Nucleic Acid Noncovalent Complexes. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7720-7839. [PMID: 34587741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids have been among the first targets for antitumor drugs and antibiotics. With the unveiling of new biological roles in regulation of gene expression, specific DNA and RNA structures have become very attractive targets, especially when the corresponding proteins are undruggable. Biophysical assays to assess target structure as well as ligand binding stoichiometry, affinity, specificity, and binding modes are part of the drug development process. Mass spectrometry offers unique advantages as a biophysical method owing to its ability to distinguish each stoichiometry present in a mixture. In addition, advanced mass spectrometry approaches (reactive probing, fragmentation techniques, ion mobility spectrometry, ion spectroscopy) provide more detailed information on the complexes. Here, we review the fundamentals of mass spectrometry and all its particularities when studying noncovalent nucleic acid structures, and then review what has been learned thanks to mass spectrometry on nucleic acid structures, self-assemblies (e.g., duplexes or G-quadruplexes), and their complexes with ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Largy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alexander König
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Debasmita Ghosh
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sanae Benabou
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Rosu
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, UMS 3033, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
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3
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Miranda A, Santos T, Largy E, Cruz C. Locking up the AS1411 Aptamer with a Flanking Duplex: Towards an Improved Nucleolin-Targeting. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020121. [PMID: 33557379 PMCID: PMC7916057 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have designed AS1411-N6, a derivative of the nucleolin (NCL)-binding aptamer AS1411, by adding six nucleotides to the 5′-end that are complementary to nucleotides at the 3′-end forcing it into a stem-loop structure. We evaluated by several biophysical techniques if AS1411-N6 can adopt one or more conformations, one of which allows NCL binding. We found a decrease of polymorphism of G-quadruplex (G4)-forming sequences comparing to AS1411 and the G4 formation in presence of K+ promotes the duplex folding. We also studied the binding properties of ligands TMPyP4, PhenDC3, PDS, 360A, and BRACO-19 in terms of stability, binding, topology maintenance of AS1411-N6, and NCL recognition. The melting experiments revealed promising stabilizer effects of PhenDC3, 360A, and TMPyP4, and the affinity calculations showed that 360A is the most prominent affinity ligand for AS1411-N6 and AS1411. The affinity determined between AS1411-N6 and NCL denoting a strong interaction and complex formation was assessed by PAGE in which the electrophoretic profile of AS1411-N6 showed bands of the dimeric form in the presence of the ligands and NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Miranda
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Tiago Santos
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Eric Largy
- Laboratoire Acides Nucléiques: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM & CNRS, (ARNA, U1212, UMR5320), IECB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France;
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Guo Y, Chen J, Cheng M, Monchaud D, Zhou J, Ju H. A Thermophilic Tetramolecular G-Quadruplex/Hemin DNAzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jielin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Mingpan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 160023 P. R. China
| | - David Monchaud
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire; Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); CNRS UMR6302; 21000 Dijon France
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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5
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Guo Y, Chen J, Cheng M, Monchaud D, Zhou J, Ju H. A Thermophilic Tetramolecular G-Quadruplex/Hemin DNAzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16636-16640. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jielin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Mingpan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 160023 P. R. China
| | - David Monchaud
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire; Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); CNRS UMR6302; 21000 Dijon France
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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Sagi J. In What Ways Do Synthetic Nucleotides and Natural Base Lesions Alter the Structural Stability of G-Quadruplex Nucleic Acids? J Nucleic Acids 2017; 2017:1641845. [PMID: 29181193 PMCID: PMC5664352 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1641845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic analogs of natural nucleotides have long been utilized for structural studies of canonical and noncanonical nucleic acids, including the extensively investigated polymorphic G-quadruplexes (GQs). Dependence on the sequence and nucleotide modifications of the folding landscape of GQs has been reviewed by several recent studies. Here, an overview is compiled on the thermodynamic stability of the modified GQ folds and on how the stereochemical preferences of more than 70 synthetic and natural derivatives of nucleotides substituting for natural ones determine the stability as well as the conformation. Groups of nucleotide analogs only stabilize or only destabilize the GQ, while the majority of analogs alter the GQ stability in both ways. This depends on the preferred syn or anti N-glycosidic linkage of the modified building blocks, the position of substitution, and the folding architecture of the native GQ. Natural base lesions and epigenetic modifications of GQs explored so far also stabilize or destabilize the GQ assemblies. Learning the effect of synthetic nucleotide analogs on the stability of GQs can assist in engineering a required stable GQ topology, and exploring the in vitro action of the single and clustered natural base damage on GQ architectures may provide indications for the cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Sagi
- Rimstone Laboratory, RLI, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
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7
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Zhou J, Amrane S, Rosu F, Salgado GF, Bian Y, Tateishi-Karimata H, Largy E, Korkut DN, Bourdoncle A, Miyoshi D, Zhang J, Ju H, Wang W, Sugimoto N, Gabelica V, Mergny JL. Unexpected Position-Dependent Effects of Ribose G-Quartets in G-Quadruplexes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7768-7779. [PMID: 28523907 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To understand the role of ribose G-quartets and how they affect the properties of G-quadruplex structures, we studied three systems in which one, two, three, or four deoxyribose G-quartets were substituted with ribose G-quartets. These systems were a parallel DNA intramolecular G-quadruplex, d(TTGGGTGGGTTGGGTGGGTT), and two tetramolecular G-quadruplexes, d(TGGGT) and d(TGGGGT). Thermal denaturation experiments revealed that ribose G-quartets have position-dependent and cumulative effects on G-quadruplex stability. An unexpected destabilization was observed when rG quartets were presented at the 5'-end of the G stack. This observation challenges the general belief that RNA residues stabilize G-quadruplexes. Furthermore, in contrast to past proposals, hydration is not the main factor determining the stability of our RNA/DNA chimeric G-quadruplexes. Interestingly, the presence of rG residues in a central G-quartet facilitated the formation of additional tetramolecular G-quadruplex topologies showing positive circular dichroism signals at 295 nm. 2D NMR analysis of the tetramolecular TGgGGT (lowercase letter indicates ribose) indicates that Gs in the 5'-most G-quartet adopt the syn conformation. These analyses highlight several new aspects of the role of ribose G-quartets on G-quadruplex structure and stability, and demonstrate that the positions of ribose residues are critical for tuning G-quadruplex properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China.,Université de Bordeaux , INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA Laboratory, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Samir Amrane
- Université de Bordeaux , INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA Laboratory, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Rosu
- Université de Bordeaux , CNRS UMS 3033, INSERM US001, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Gilmar F Salgado
- Université de Bordeaux , INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA Laboratory, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Yunqiang Bian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Macromolecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University , Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Hisae Tateishi-Karimata
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER) and Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University , 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Eric Largy
- Université de Bordeaux , INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA Laboratory, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Dursun Nizam Korkut
- Université de Bordeaux , INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA Laboratory, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anne Bourdoncle
- Université de Bordeaux , INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA Laboratory, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Daisuke Miyoshi
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER) and Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University , 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Jian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER) and Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University , 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- Université de Bordeaux , INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA Laboratory, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Université de Bordeaux , INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA Laboratory, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France.,Institute of Biophysics of the CAS , v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
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8
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Liao JY, Anosova I, Bala S, Van Horn WD, Chaput JC. A parallel stranded G-quadruplex composed of threose nucleic acid (TNA). Biopolymers 2017; 107. [PMID: 27718227 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
G-rich sequences can adopt four-stranded helical structures, called G-quadruplexes, that self-assemble around monovalent cations like sodium (Na+ ) and potassium (K+ ). Whether similar structures can be formed from xeno-nucleic acid (XNA) polymers with a shorter backbone repeat unit is an unanswered question with significant implications on the fold space of functional XNA polymers. Here, we examine the potential for TNA (α-l-threofuranosyl nucleic acid) to adopt a four-stranded helical structure based on a planar G-quartet motif. Using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), circular dichroism (CD) and solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we show that despite a backbone repeat unit that is one atom shorter than the backbone repeat unit found in DNA and RNA, TNA can self-assemble into stable G-quadruplex structures that are similar in thermal stability to equivalent DNA structures. However, unlike DNA, TNA does not appear to discriminate between Na+ and K+ ions, as G-quadruplex structures form equally well in the presence of either ion. Together, these findings demonstrate that despite a shorter backbone repeat unit, TNA is capable of self-assembling into stable G-quadruplex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yu Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Irina Anosova
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University. Tempe, AZ, 85287
| | - Saikat Bala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Wade D Van Horn
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University. Tempe, AZ, 85287
| | - John C Chaput
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697
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Largy E, Mergny JL, Gabelica V. Role of Alkali Metal Ions in G-Quadruplex Nucleic Acid Structure and Stability. Met Ions Life Sci 2016; 16:203-58. [PMID: 26860303 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21756-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are guanine-rich nucleic acids that fold by forming successive quartets of guanines (the G-tetrads), stabilized by intra-quartet hydrogen bonds, inter-quartet stacking, and cation coordination. This specific although highly polymorphic type of secondary structure deviates significantly from the classical B-DNA duplex. G-quadruplexes are detectable in human cells and are strongly suspected to be involved in a number of biological processes at the DNA and RNA levels. The vast structural polymorphism exhibited by G-quadruplexes, together with their putative biological relevance, makes them attractive therapeutic targets compared to canonical duplex DNA. This chapter focuses on the essential and specific coordination of alkali metal cations by G-quadruplex nucleic acids, and most notably on studies highlighting cation-dependent dissimilarities in their stability, structure, formation, and interconversion. Section 1 surveys G-quadruplex structures and their interactions with alkali metal ions while Section 2 presents analytical methods used to study G-quadruplexes. The influence of alkali cations on the stability, structure, and kinetics of formation of G-quadruplex structures of quadruplexes will be discussed in Sections 3 and 4. Section 5 focuses on the cation-induced interconversion of G-quadruplex structures. In Sections 3 to 5, we will particularly emphasize the comparisons between cations, most often K(+) and Na(+) because of their prevalence in the literature and in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Largy
- ARNA Laboratory, Université Bordeaux, IECB, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, F-33600, Pessac, France.,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM, U869, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- ARNA Laboratory, Université Bordeaux, IECB, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, F-33600, Pessac, France. .,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM, U869, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- ARNA Laboratory, Université Bordeaux, IECB, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, F-33600, Pessac, France. .,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM, U869, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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10
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Pérez-Rentero S, Gargallo R, González C, Eritja R. Modulation of the stability of i-motif structures using an acyclic threoninol cytidine derivative. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of aTNA (acyclic threoninol nucleic acids) units on the stability of intramolecular i-motifs was investigated by spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Pérez-Rentero
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC)
- CIBER-BBN
- E-08034 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Raimundo Gargallo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- University of Barcelona
- E-08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Carlos González
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Rocasolano”
- CSIC
- E-28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC)
- CIBER-BBN
- E-08034 Barcelona
- Spain
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Zhou J, Rosu F, Amrane S, Korkut DN, Gabelica V, Mergny JL. Assembly of chemically modified G-rich sequences into tetramolecular DNA G-quadruplexes and higher order structures. Methods 2014; 67:159-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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12
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Zhou J, Abramov M, Liu F, Amrane S, Bourdoncle A, Herdewijn P, Mergny JL. Effects of six-membered carbohydrate rings on structure, stability, and kinetics of G-quadruplexes. Chemistry 2013; 19:14719-25. [PMID: 24027098 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated the conformational, thermal, and kinetic properties of d(TGGGGT) analogues with one or five of the ribose nucleotides replaced with the carbohydrate residues hexitol nucleic acid (HNA), cyclohexenyl nucleic acid (CeNA), or altritol nucleic acid (ANA). All of the modified oligonucleotides formed G-quadruplexes, but substitution with the six-membered rings resulted in a mixture of G-quadruplex structures. UV and CD melting analyses showed that the structure formed by d(TGGGGT) modified with HNA was stabilized whereas that modified with CeNA was destabilized, relative to the structure formed by the unmodified oligonucleotide. Substitution at the fourth base of the G-tract with ANA resulted in a greater stabilization effect than substitution at the first G residue; substitution with five ANA residues resulted in significant stabilization of the G-quadruplex. A single substitution with CeNA at the first base of the G-tract or five substitutions with HNA resulted in striking deceleration or acceleration of G-quadruplex formation, respectively. Our results shed light on the effect of the sugar moiety on the properties of G-quadruplex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Univ. Bordeaux, ARNA Laboratory, 33000 Bordeaux (France); INSERM, U869, IECB, 33600 Pessac (France), Fax: (+33) 5-4000-3004
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